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Rasyidi1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aliaquat2@yahoo.com Keywords: WSD; co-efficient of frictio; jatropha oil; four-ball Tribotester Abstract.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All the samples preparation and test are conducted at Engine Tribology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya.
The figures show how the different percentages of JO affect on COF.
Viscosity Index (VI) Analysis Viscosity is the property used for identification of individual grades of lube oil and for monitoring the changes occurring in the lube oil while in service.
Haseeb, “Effect of mechanical factors on tribological properties of palm oil methyl ester blended lubricant,” Wear, vol. 239(1), pp. 117–125, 2000.

Therefore, it is possible to enhance strength properties of creep resistant steels by precipitation hardening and stabilization of dislocation structure during creep.
Substructural changes are strongly affected by the plastic deformation during creep test.
Jochum, T/P23, 24, 911 and 92: New grades for advanced coal-fired power plants—Properties and experience, Int.
Hald Microstructure and long-term creep properties of 9–12% Cr steels, Int.
Microstructure and Properties, (2006) 344

The performance of these masonries relies on their monolithic behaviour rather than on the mechanical properties of their individual elements.
This vulnerability under certain types of loads is due to several factors, such as: absence of cohesion between the external elements i.e. poor transversal bonds between the leaves of the wall and weakness of the inner core.
Moreover, flow time is also reduced with the increase of water/binder ratio; nevertheless this can lead to a worsening of hardened grout by reducing its mechanical properties.
Correlation between flow tests and rheological properties.
Therefore, further experimental research is needed to know how the differences in the properties between the present NHL and other NHLs might affect the modelling results.

In the process of grain refinement through phase transformation, driving force and the parent phase grain size are two key factors.
One of the features of this method is that the nanocrystallized structures can be controlled through austenite decomposition transformation, so that the properties of nanocrystallized steels can be improved.
During the heating process, the austenite grain size was mainly affected by soaking temperature and soaking time.
The number of quenching cycles also affected the austenite grain size.
A New and Simple Process to Obtain Nano-structured Bulk Low Carbon Steel with Superior Mechanical Property, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 46(2002),p. 305-310

Specifically, with decreasing size of the structures and increasing aspect ratio, the surface to volume ratio increases and therefore surface effects may become a dominant factor affecting the mechanical stability.
Such superhydrophobic property prevents aqueous solutions to penetrate in between the structures and can thus severely reduce the effectiveness of wet processing steps.
For silicon nanopillars of the same dimensions (AR 10: height 380 nm, average diameter 37 nm), replacing deionized water (DIW) (figure 2-a) by IPA (figure 2-b) reduces the cluster size formed after drying, but there is only a limited improvement because capillary forces can be reduced only by a factor of 3 (γH2O = 72 mNm-1, γIPA = 21 mNm-1 at 298K).
The most commonly used approach to estimate wetting properties is contact angle measurement.

The bearing dynamic load is affected not only by the torque on the gear shaft, but also by stress condition of the gear under different conditions.
According to the stress acting on the bearing in use and property characteristic of the bearing, the appropriate type of bearing is firstly determined, after combining with integral structural design requirement of the transmission, the specific model of bearing is selected, and then obtain the basic parameters of the bearing.
Meanwhile, if the calculated life of the bearing is too greater, after overall consideration of other influencing factor, we can replace with lesser bearing in order to diminish the whole dimension of the transmission.
MASTA modeling of transmission system Establishment of gear shaft: According to the design drawings, 20CrMnTi was selected as the material of gear shaft of automobile transmission because it possesses better mechanical properties.
Because the transmission bearing is directly installed on the housing of the automobile transmission, the deformation of the bearing will affect the deformation of the housing and then give rise to more large vibration and noise.

Mendes Pinheiro, 24 - P-3080-032 Figueira da Foz, Portugal 3 School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-201 Coimbra, Portugal a zepina@ci.uc.pt, b mjosevaz@ci.uc.pt, c J.M.dos-Santos@ncl.ac.uk, d morao.dias@dem.uc.pt Keywords: Residual stresses, Texture, Low-incidence angle, Thin films Abstract.
Frequently they present a crystallographic texture which limits the number of orientations that provide good intensity and induces anisotropy effects on their mechanical behavior.
Introduction Thin films are characterized by a very reduced thickness, so that their properties and behavior are strongly dependent on the relative large surface area to volume ratio.
The collected information is affected by the asymmetric conditions of the goniometric setup and must be corrected in the counting intensity and in the diffraction positions.
The defocalisation correction factors can be calculated empirically by studying a quenched powder of the analyzed material.

Properties, Environmental Impact and Adaptability of Insulation Materials Building insulation materials are evaluated based on key properties that affect their performance and suitability for different applications (Table 1) [14].
Insulation materials are crucial for managing indoor comfort and safety, with key factors including hygroscopic properties, acoustic performance, and fire resistance.
Bekun, Structural breaks in CO2 emissions: Are they caused by climate change protests or other factors?
Pásztory, An overview of factors influencing thermal conductivity of building insulation materials, J.
Mohamed, Factors influencing facilities management cost performance in building projects, J.

For this purpose, the first step of this work is an identification of the chemical-physical properties of clay was done using the X-Ray method.
The work of Pellet and al.[8] illustrated the effect of water on the shear strength of rocks containing clay, results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of rocks decreased in the discontinuity between rock and clay.
This result observed was compared to literature with the behavior of concrete as the work of Mi Zeng Xiang and al. [9] in which authors studied the effect of curing humidity on the fracture properties of concrete and their results indicate that the mechanical properties of concrete decrease when the humidity increase and the concrete changes the behavior from ductile to brittle.
Plagge, A whole range hygric material model: Modelling liquid and vapour transport properties in porous media, Int.
An, Effect of curing humidity on the fracture properties of concrete, Constr.

Although the PET is a plastic that does not have high sufficient mechanical properties to apply it in construction, it could be mixed or chemically modified by the addition of a ceramic material as the clay, sand or gravel.
Polymer concrete properties could be modified according to the applications to vary not only mineral but also the characteristics of the bonding polymer fills application.
This behavior indicated that material did not suffer a great thermal degradation, so the molecular structure of polymer was not affected, being the dispersion of clay in the polymer the main factor that influenced the increase of the hardness of the material [5].