Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: February 2016
Authors: E.L. Strizhakov, S.O. Ageev, S.V. Nescoromniy
Analytical review of the literature has revealed a number of methods for preparing joints of the type "case part - the rod."
Duration of a jolt of electricity depends on number of rounds of the inductor IDD.
Тable 1 № p/p parameter name size definition range 1 working voltage, U V 1÷10000 2 capacity of the accumulative unit, C F 12÷2400 3 number of rounds of the inductor IDD, N ir 3÷10 4 diameter of an overhang, do mm do=(0,13±0,01)Dr 5 length of an overhang, lo mm lo=0,15Dr±0.1 6 diameter of the rod, Dr mm 4÷25 7 initial gap, Δi-g mm 0÷2,0 8 frequency of discharge, f Hz 1000÷20000 10 mass of a pusher, М kg 0.5 11 traverse speed of a pusher, Vt m/s 20÷100 In the main series of experiments values of effort to a lift-off of welded connections of Pl from the entered energy of W, depending on the capacity of the accumulative unit, working voltage () and forms of preparation of a surface of a rod element are defined, Fig. 4.
Parameters of the modes of the HVCW with IDD were as follows: capacity of the accumulative unit С=2400mF; number of rounds of the inductor N=7 ir; thickness of plates δp=0,8mm; alloy L63, diameter of the rod element Dr=10 mm, pusher mass М=0,5 kg.
There is the instantaneous solidification of microvolumes and further process goes in a solid phase with formation of a compact-grained transition zone.
Duration of a jolt of electricity depends on number of rounds of the inductor IDD.
Тable 1 № p/p parameter name size definition range 1 working voltage, U V 1÷10000 2 capacity of the accumulative unit, C F 12÷2400 3 number of rounds of the inductor IDD, N ir 3÷10 4 diameter of an overhang, do mm do=(0,13±0,01)Dr 5 length of an overhang, lo mm lo=0,15Dr±0.1 6 diameter of the rod, Dr mm 4÷25 7 initial gap, Δi-g mm 0÷2,0 8 frequency of discharge, f Hz 1000÷20000 10 mass of a pusher, М kg 0.5 11 traverse speed of a pusher, Vt m/s 20÷100 In the main series of experiments values of effort to a lift-off of welded connections of Pl from the entered energy of W, depending on the capacity of the accumulative unit, working voltage () and forms of preparation of a surface of a rod element are defined, Fig. 4.
Parameters of the modes of the HVCW with IDD were as follows: capacity of the accumulative unit С=2400mF; number of rounds of the inductor N=7 ir; thickness of plates δp=0,8mm; alloy L63, diameter of the rod element Dr=10 mm, pusher mass М=0,5 kg.
There is the instantaneous solidification of microvolumes and further process goes in a solid phase with formation of a compact-grained transition zone.
Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Bromegrass (Bromus inermis leyss) Mixed Silage
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Chun Cheng Xu, Ting Ting Ning, Heng Lei, Hui Li Wang, Wei Hao, Tan Wang
Whereas, the 50:50 and 0:100 treatments tended to decrease in lactic acid concentration after 14 days of increase. (3) For all treatments, the number of lactic acid bacteria (log10 cfu/g fresh material) varied from 7.8 to 9.2., while that of the 100:0 and 75:25 treatments kept the highest (P<0.05) level during almost all ensiling periods.
It is usually combined with grains and/or molasses to achieve good fermentation quality.
The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast and mold in silage were counted by the plate count method [10].
Colonies were counted from the plates at appropriate dilutions and the number of colony forming units (cfu) was expressed per gram of fresh forage.
As shown in Fig. 3, for all treatments, the number of LAB (log10 cfu/g fresh material) varied from 7.8 to 9.2.
It is usually combined with grains and/or molasses to achieve good fermentation quality.
The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast and mold in silage were counted by the plate count method [10].
Colonies were counted from the plates at appropriate dilutions and the number of colony forming units (cfu) was expressed per gram of fresh forage.
As shown in Fig. 3, for all treatments, the number of LAB (log10 cfu/g fresh material) varied from 7.8 to 9.2.
Online since: July 2004
Authors: J.C.A. Menezes, E.A.S. Junior, Marcelo A. Macêdo, C.T. Meneses
The vertical lines
correspond to the standard LiMn2O4 powder from JCPDS card
#35-0782.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
*
*
*
* # ##
1100 oC
1000 oC
900 oC
800
oC
x=3
Intensity (a. u.)
2θ
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
*
*
****
* **
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3
with x = 2.0, prepared at temperatures of 800, 900, 1000 and 1100
oC.
This comportment indicates that when the sintering temperatures increase, the quantity of the number of Mn3O4 phases increases too.
We can observe too, in Fig. 2, that the numbers of Mn3O4 phases increased for temperatures above 800 oC.
The successive stages of insertion and extraction can provoke the transformation of small grains with cubical symmetry for the tetragonal one [1,3,4].
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 with x = 2.0, the high initial capacity of charge and the presence of two platforms indicate the formation of the stoichiometric phase, however due existence of impure phases, happened a deficiency in the ciclability .
This comportment indicates that when the sintering temperatures increase, the quantity of the number of Mn3O4 phases increases too.
We can observe too, in Fig. 2, that the numbers of Mn3O4 phases increased for temperatures above 800 oC.
The successive stages of insertion and extraction can provoke the transformation of small grains with cubical symmetry for the tetragonal one [1,3,4].
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 with x = 2.0, the high initial capacity of charge and the presence of two platforms indicate the formation of the stoichiometric phase, however due existence of impure phases, happened a deficiency in the ciclability .
Online since: August 2006
Authors: Masahiro Kato, Katsumi Semba, Yukishige Maezawa, Mitsutoshi Hamamura, Yoshikazu Hagiwara, Ryosuke Kogo, Shin Takeda
However, the absorption properties are degraded due to the grain growth
caused by cyclic use at the high CO2 emission temperatures in this reaction.
From the view-points of number of reactors, emission temperature, carrier gas for emission, and CO2 removal efficiency, CO2 production costs were compared for 6 candidate cases.
It was found that number of reactors and emission temperature had strong influence, but carrier gas for emission and CO2 removal efficiency had only a slight effect on the CO2 production cost.
Since this cost is competitive with the commercial CO2 cost, the proposed pre-combustion system is thought to be feasible. 0 20 40 60 80 100 550 600 650 700 750 Temperature / oC Methane conversion / % Catalyst Catalyst + Absorbent Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time / min CO2 removal efficiency / % Temperature:600o C Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 Fig. 2 Temperature dependence of methane conversion with and without absorbent Fig. 3 Time dependence of CO2 removal efficiency at 600 o C in the case of mixture of catalyst and absorbent 0 20 40 60 80 100 � � � � � �� �� Number of cycle / Methane conversion / % Temperature:600 oC Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of cycle�/ CO2 removal efficiency�/�% Temperature:600o C Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 Fig. 4 Cyclic behavior of methane conversion at 600 o C in the case of mixture of catalyst and
From the view-points of number of reactors, emission temperature, carrier gas for emission, and CO2 removal efficiency, CO2 production costs were compared for 6 candidate cases.
It was found that number of reactors and emission temperature had strong influence, but carrier gas for emission and CO2 removal efficiency had only a slight effect on the CO2 production cost.
Since this cost is competitive with the commercial CO2 cost, the proposed pre-combustion system is thought to be feasible. 0 20 40 60 80 100 550 600 650 700 750 Temperature / oC Methane conversion / % Catalyst Catalyst + Absorbent Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time / min CO2 removal efficiency / % Temperature:600o C Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 Fig. 2 Temperature dependence of methane conversion with and without absorbent Fig. 3 Time dependence of CO2 removal efficiency at 600 o C in the case of mixture of catalyst and absorbent 0 20 40 60 80 100 � � � � � �� �� Number of cycle / Methane conversion / % Temperature:600 oC Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of cycle�/ CO2 removal efficiency�/�% Temperature:600o C Pressure:200kPa SV:1625 /h S/C:4 Fig. 4 Cyclic behavior of methane conversion at 600 o C in the case of mixture of catalyst and
Online since: August 2009
Authors: Yong Wang, Yu Hua Chen, Zheng Fang Wang
The result shows that peak temperature of the coarse grain in heat affected zone
(CGHAZ) of in-service welding is similar to air cooling welding, but the cooling time of t8/5, t8/3 and
t8/1 decreases at certain degree.
w /. ) µ µ (PrRe d λ .α = (2) there µλ ,,Re,Pr represent conductivity factor, Reynolds number, Prandtl number and kinematic viscosity of gas.
w /. ) µ µ (PrRe d λ .α = (2) there µλ ,,Re,Pr represent conductivity factor, Reynolds number, Prandtl number and kinematic viscosity of gas.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ling Yun Meng
Regarding the micro-crack appearance, especially important is the bond zone, between bulk cement paste and inclusion (aggregate/sand grain).
The total number of lattice sites is chosen as equilateral, which provides an easier running of the averaging analysis in the presence of bigger solid particles.
Collision rules and number of collisions do not influence the basic macroscopic equations since all equations have been derived independently on the collision rules.
We first start with the introduction of small size solid-clusters (20 x 20 lattice sites) in the 0.01% of the total number of lattice nodes.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by An Hui province-level Natural Science project for the period of 2009-2010(project number:KJ2009B079Z).
The total number of lattice sites is chosen as equilateral, which provides an easier running of the averaging analysis in the presence of bigger solid particles.
Collision rules and number of collisions do not influence the basic macroscopic equations since all equations have been derived independently on the collision rules.
We first start with the introduction of small size solid-clusters (20 x 20 lattice sites) in the 0.01% of the total number of lattice nodes.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by An Hui province-level Natural Science project for the period of 2009-2010(project number:KJ2009B079Z).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Věra Voštová, Karel Jerabek, Vladimír Němec
On the other hand, examples of unloading bulk materials run very efficiently and quickly, because the mass composed of the small grain size behave well during the pouring process.
The approach to the solution consists of the proposal of a variable shape grid comprised of small transport modules in the form of rollers or pulleys with or without individual actuators, with a low number of performed functions.
A compensation number is sufficient to compensate the measurement errors and to alleviate the possible deviation of the actual characteristic from that set by calculation.
A number of models are taken into consideration as a calculation model for solving the response of elastic coupling x = f(F) on force effect F(t).
In the case of using a model in the form of a homogeneous elastic chain comprised of n elements with weight m connected by massless springs with stiffness s1, which will be fixed at one end, and on the other end it will be provided with a mass in M size, the movement equations will be: m * d2x1/dt2 = s1 * ( x2 - 2x1 ) (2) m * d2x2/dt2 = s1* (x3 - 2x2 + x1 ) (3) m * d2xn-1/dt2 = s1* (xk+1 - 2xk + xk-1 ) (4) m * d2xk/dt2 = s1* (xn-2 - 2xn-1 + xn) (5) M * d2xn/dt2 = s1* (xn-1 - xn) (6) The time course of the shift of k-th mass in the one-dimensional elastic chain excited by step force in the form of a Heaviside function is: (7) Where: a = F0 / m acceleration [m/s2], F0 exciting force amplitude [N], m mass element weight [kg], n number of mass elements [ - ], ω circular frequency of a one-mass system [1/s], t time [s], Bj
The approach to the solution consists of the proposal of a variable shape grid comprised of small transport modules in the form of rollers or pulleys with or without individual actuators, with a low number of performed functions.
A compensation number is sufficient to compensate the measurement errors and to alleviate the possible deviation of the actual characteristic from that set by calculation.
A number of models are taken into consideration as a calculation model for solving the response of elastic coupling x = f(F) on force effect F(t).
In the case of using a model in the form of a homogeneous elastic chain comprised of n elements with weight m connected by massless springs with stiffness s1, which will be fixed at one end, and on the other end it will be provided with a mass in M size, the movement equations will be: m * d2x1/dt2 = s1 * ( x2 - 2x1 ) (2) m * d2x2/dt2 = s1* (x3 - 2x2 + x1 ) (3) m * d2xn-1/dt2 = s1* (xk+1 - 2xk + xk-1 ) (4) m * d2xk/dt2 = s1* (xn-2 - 2xn-1 + xn) (5) M * d2xn/dt2 = s1* (xn-1 - xn) (6) The time course of the shift of k-th mass in the one-dimensional elastic chain excited by step force in the form of a Heaviside function is: (7) Where: a = F0 / m acceleration [m/s2], F0 exciting force amplitude [N], m mass element weight [kg], n number of mass elements [ - ], ω circular frequency of a one-mass system [1/s], t time [s], Bj
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Wen Hua Tang, Lian Hong Yu
The testing results of 100 households formaldehyde
The results
Housing number
(GB/T18883—2002)
Formaldehyde concentration range
(FC is abbreviation)
Up to standard
26
FC≤0.08mg/m3
Slight pollution
19
0.08<FC≤0.25mg/m3
Moderate pollution
31
0.25<FC≤0.50mg/m3
High pollution
18
0.50<FC≤0.8mg/m3
Serious pollution
6
FC>0.8mg/m3
Table 2.
Preliminary statistics of formaldehyde concentration influence factors of 100 households The testing results Housing number Influence factors Vacant housing ventilation time Wall treatment mode Quantity and quality of various furniture boards Decoration modelling style More than six months Less than six months Brush latex paint Paste Wallpaper Field fabrication furniture Buy furniture Simple Complex Up to standard (26) 14 12 18 8 12 14 21 5 Slight pollution (19) 9 10 14 5 6 13 17 2 Moderate pollution (31) 8 23 24 7 19 12 10 21 High pollution (18) 1 17 6 12 12 6 2 16 Serious pollution (6) 0 6 2 4 2 4 1 5 Seen from table 2,the preliminary conclusion is that formaldehyde pollution is the result of the integrated effects of many factors:vacant housing ventilation time,decoration modelling style, wall treatment mode, and the quantity and quality of various furniture boards;Any of these factors are likely to cause high levels of formaldehyde, only each factor
Active carbon adsorption.This method' advantage is easy to use, active carbon not only can absorb formaldehyde, but also can absorb other pollution gas.When using it,had better choose small grain;The smaller the particle is , the better the adsorption results are.This method can achieve best effect in a small scope or a little space,for example, directly put the activated carbon packet in the bedroom closet, shoe cabinet, bookcase, hutch ark and so on.But be careful that it is not obvious that activated carbon adsorb formaldehyde in pollution serious room, because activated carbon is easy to reach saturation,so in the use of about five days, it need regeneration in the sunshine for 3~5 hours, generally its adsorption effective period is 5~8 months.
Acknowledgment The study was supported by The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction 2012 Science and technology projects ( project number:2012-K1-37 ),Hubei Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction 2011 science and technology project ( project number:140),and Wuhan Jubikang indoor environment test center.
Preliminary statistics of formaldehyde concentration influence factors of 100 households The testing results Housing number Influence factors Vacant housing ventilation time Wall treatment mode Quantity and quality of various furniture boards Decoration modelling style More than six months Less than six months Brush latex paint Paste Wallpaper Field fabrication furniture Buy furniture Simple Complex Up to standard (26) 14 12 18 8 12 14 21 5 Slight pollution (19) 9 10 14 5 6 13 17 2 Moderate pollution (31) 8 23 24 7 19 12 10 21 High pollution (18) 1 17 6 12 12 6 2 16 Serious pollution (6) 0 6 2 4 2 4 1 5 Seen from table 2,the preliminary conclusion is that formaldehyde pollution is the result of the integrated effects of many factors:vacant housing ventilation time,decoration modelling style, wall treatment mode, and the quantity and quality of various furniture boards;Any of these factors are likely to cause high levels of formaldehyde, only each factor
Active carbon adsorption.This method' advantage is easy to use, active carbon not only can absorb formaldehyde, but also can absorb other pollution gas.When using it,had better choose small grain;The smaller the particle is , the better the adsorption results are.This method can achieve best effect in a small scope or a little space,for example, directly put the activated carbon packet in the bedroom closet, shoe cabinet, bookcase, hutch ark and so on.But be careful that it is not obvious that activated carbon adsorb formaldehyde in pollution serious room, because activated carbon is easy to reach saturation,so in the use of about five days, it need regeneration in the sunshine for 3~5 hours, generally its adsorption effective period is 5~8 months.
Acknowledgment The study was supported by The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction 2012 Science and technology projects ( project number:2012-K1-37 ),Hubei Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction 2011 science and technology project ( project number:140),and Wuhan Jubikang indoor environment test center.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Wei Wang
Research and production of high-performance road cement can replace a large number of low-quality cement using a small amount of high-grade cement, thus reducing the consumption of cement resources.For example,the use of high-performance cement to pavement road can reduce 15% cement dosage than ordinary concrete pouring to meet the strength requirements.
Implementation of high-performance road concrete, in addition to the use of high performance road cement,should also be added to a sufficient number of active fine additives and compound admixture with high efficiency.
Among all the above-mentioned ways, the cement mixed material make use of the largest number of industrial waste residue, which has accounted for about 20% in the cement mixed material in our country at present.
The industrial waste can be recycled is listed in the following table 1 Table 1 Sorts of industrial waste can be recycled to produce road cement Sorts of industrial waste can be recycled to produce road cement Nature of waste Potential hydraulic pozzolanicity hydraulic Air hardening Low activity or sluggishness Other natures Name granulated blast-furnace slag fly ash Steel slag ardealite Slag containing titanium sludge Ferromanganese slag coal gangue fluorgypsum copper slag Vanadium mud Cupola slag Boiling furnace slag salt pan gypsum pyrite dross Kiln dust Ferrochrome slag liquid slag Green gypsum Pyrite tailing Red mud coal cinder Carbide slag gangue zinc tailings Graining phosphorus furnace slag Silica fume calcium liquid slag Rice husk ash 3.1.1 Original cement material or mixed material The reason why industrial wastes are able to produce cement roads is the industrial waste residue itself has been calcinated in high temperature,whose composition
For example, in order to reuse the large number of powdered coal ash and meanwhile achieve the environmental protection purpose in road construction, a large amount of fly ash mixed with harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, etc is added into concrete,which is beyond the law allowed concentration degree, this kind of material cannot be named as road construction material fulfilling environmental coordination.
Implementation of high-performance road concrete, in addition to the use of high performance road cement,should also be added to a sufficient number of active fine additives and compound admixture with high efficiency.
Among all the above-mentioned ways, the cement mixed material make use of the largest number of industrial waste residue, which has accounted for about 20% in the cement mixed material in our country at present.
The industrial waste can be recycled is listed in the following table 1 Table 1 Sorts of industrial waste can be recycled to produce road cement Sorts of industrial waste can be recycled to produce road cement Nature of waste Potential hydraulic pozzolanicity hydraulic Air hardening Low activity or sluggishness Other natures Name granulated blast-furnace slag fly ash Steel slag ardealite Slag containing titanium sludge Ferromanganese slag coal gangue fluorgypsum copper slag Vanadium mud Cupola slag Boiling furnace slag salt pan gypsum pyrite dross Kiln dust Ferrochrome slag liquid slag Green gypsum Pyrite tailing Red mud coal cinder Carbide slag gangue zinc tailings Graining phosphorus furnace slag Silica fume calcium liquid slag Rice husk ash 3.1.1 Original cement material or mixed material The reason why industrial wastes are able to produce cement roads is the industrial waste residue itself has been calcinated in high temperature,whose composition
For example, in order to reuse the large number of powdered coal ash and meanwhile achieve the environmental protection purpose in road construction, a large amount of fly ash mixed with harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, etc is added into concrete,which is beyond the law allowed concentration degree, this kind of material cannot be named as road construction material fulfilling environmental coordination.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Shinichi Furusawa, Yuusuke Koyama
.
, (3)
Here, N is the number density of the carrier, Ze is the charge of the carrier, a is the hopping distance, Γ0 is the attempt frequency, Δ is the activation energy, and f is a correlation factor whose value is approximately 1.
The changes in inclination of the other crystals are relatively smaller but this is thought to be caused by the existence of grain boundary.
This corresponds to the increase of the number of mobile lithium ion.
The decrease in the number of zinc ion occupying A-site may lead to the drastic increase of lithium ion conduction path.
This drastic increase of the electrical conductivity may be due to the decrease in the number of zinc ion occupying A-site.
The changes in inclination of the other crystals are relatively smaller but this is thought to be caused by the existence of grain boundary.
This corresponds to the increase of the number of mobile lithium ion.
The decrease in the number of zinc ion occupying A-site may lead to the drastic increase of lithium ion conduction path.
This drastic increase of the electrical conductivity may be due to the decrease in the number of zinc ion occupying A-site.