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Online since: February 2016
Authors: Yan Jing Li, Yong Li, Jia Lin Sun, Ji Li Zhang, Chang He Gao, Yong Qiang Sun, Hao Bo Zhang, Shuo Cao
When the crystal particles continuous grain growth end, high-alumina bauxite creep into the steady–state creep stage, the creep rate is constant.
As the surface of corundum grain wetting and covered by liquid phase, the direct combination between particles get destroyed and form the low fusion phase continuous network which greatly weaken the combinations which along with the particle boundary as can be seen in Fig.3-c.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Mohd Shamshuddin, Thirupathi Thumma, S.R. Mishra
Introduction From last few decades researchers have keen interest on boundary layer flow due to its great impact in engineering applications; these are particularly, production of papers, reduction of drag, storage of grain, etc.
Influence of Prandtl number on the fluid temperature is shown in Fig.12.
Prandtl number is the ratio of kinematic viscosity with thermal diffusivity.
Skin friction increases with an increase in magnetic parameter however, Nusselt number and Sherwood number decreases.
Moreover, an increase in the Biot numbers the rate of heat transfer increases.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Cheng Qu, Qin Yang, Bin Jiang
In such situation, CGA’s toughness is better, and becomes a kind of fine-grained genetic algorithm.
The largest number of iteration is MAX1.
The initial number of iteration is i=0.
The number of best solution that it does not change at present is j=0.
And the number 1-15 on horizontal axis respectively stands for feature number: 50, 100, 200, 500, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xiang Yun Deng, Ya Ni Jing, Cheng Ying Bai, Jian Bao Li, Wen Kai Jiang, Xin Xing Liao
The grain phases and the fracture surface micrograph were analyzed with XRD and SEM, respectively.
Moreover, the number of pores increases linearly with the graphite content because the place of graphite particles is substituted for the voids after they are burned out.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Zhi Rong Wang, Wei Li Wang, Xiao Yan Zhu, Jing Lan Wang, Zhi Jie Han, Ya Hua
In recent years, a large number of studies about above factors had been launched, where soil texture was considered to be one of the important factors affecting microbial adsorption.
(1) (2) Where qe, qt is the solid microbial concentration of adsorption equilibrium and at time t respectively Table 1 The basic physical and chemical properties of the quartz sands Quartz sand number Soil texture Texture(%) Average grain diameter (μm) Organic matter (%) Available phosphorus (mg/g) Total nitrogen (g/kg) Total salt (g/kg) Clay Silt Sand 1 Sand 0.00 0.00 100.00 351 0.00 8.97 0.0126 0.55 2 Loamy sand 0.22 4.91 94.88 319 0.00 8.99 0.0113 0.53 3 Sandy loam 0.88 20.04 79.17 217 0.00 9.14 0.0074 0.48 4 Loam 1.82 41.23 56.06 71 0.00 9.05 0.0017 0.39 5 Silty sandy loam 1.53 48.17 49.69 27 0.00 9.17 0.0000 0.37 Note: International standard (clay(<0.002mm),Silt(0.02~0.002mm)and Sand(2~0.02mm)) were used to divide the quartz sand particles .
Table 2 Asorption dynamics equation parameters of E. coli Quartz sand number Measured value PFORE PSORE Elorich IDM qe (107cfu/g) R2 k1 qe1 (107cfu/g) δ1(%) R2 h k2 qe2 (107cfu/g) δ2(%) R2 R2 kp 1 54.61 0.9361 0.09 75.74 38.68 0.9959 5.18 0.0017 67.57 23.72 0.9886 0.9480 6.54 2 83.38 0.9074 0.16 102.64 23.10 0.9995 27.62 0.0038 88.50 6.14 0.9535 0.8610 5.24 3 84.88 0.9861 0.15 31.95 -62.35 0.9998 81.30 0.0113 86.96 2.45 0.8775 0.7541 2.61 4 86.24 0.8679 0.15 11.83 -86.28 1.0000 243.90 0.0328 86.96 0.83 0.7879 0.6429 1.13 5 87.02 0.8634 0.14 10.37 -88.09 1.0000 208.33 0.0275 87.72 0.80 0.8520 0.7185 1.21 Note: qe is the measured absorption capacity of quartz, qe1, qe2 is the absorption capacity calculated by PFORE and PSORE respectively, , Table 3 Desorption dynamics equation parameters of E. coli Quartz sand number Measured value  PFORE PSORE Elorich IDM qed (107cfu/g) R2 k1 qe1d (107cfu/g) δ1(%) R2 h k2 qe2d (107cfu/g) δ2(%) R2 R2 kp 1 2.66 0.9968 0.04 1.49 -44.24 0.9996
Indicating that the smaller quartz sands grain size was, the greater the adsorption rate would be, and the adsorption capacity would be larger.
Table 4 Adsorption and desorption isotherm parameters of Henry equation Quartz sand number Adsorption Desorption HI kh R2 kh R2 1 1.9045 0.9999 55.764 0.9990 28.27 2 2.2151 0.9997 118.54 1.0000 52.51 3 13.396 0.9892 225.48 1.0000 15.83 4 35.899 0.9873 390.42 0.9964 9.88 5 49.744 0.9599 616.33 0.9974 11.39 It can be seen from the correlation coefficients (Table 4), the Henry equation is also can be used to describe the desorption processes of E. coli.
Online since: August 2004
Authors: Masaru Miyayama, Shinji Hara
The abundant SOx species on S-ZrO2(s) and S-ZrO2(se) may inhibit the growth of grain.
IR spectra of S-ZrO2(p) heated at 400, 520 and 620°C 8009001000110012001300 S-ZrO2(p) (620ºC) (520ºC) (400ºC) ZrO2·nH2O 1000 1033 Transmittance Wave number / cm-1 1270 1080 1140vapor pressure are shown in Fig.6.
The syntheses of S-ZrO2(se) and S-ZrO2(s) were conducted for the purpose of an increase in the surface area and a resultant rise in the number of surface SOx species.
An increase in the number of surface SOx species and resultant rise in conductivities were achieved.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen Qin Li, Jian Xin Xiong
DaYuXian for pure hakka county, in the hakka dialect words, keep heavy ChuYuan culture, in the new time construction upsurge, combined with the local characteristics to create a batch of reflect landscape culture, hakka culture and the cultural spirit of culture's development grain.
Plant variety has introduced a large number of African species, one of them is not suitable for the local characteristics, a large number of death; Some other species breeding too fast, destroyed the species flow and biological flow.
Fourth, greening structure should be divided into node core afforest, lane and sidewalk boundary greening, purify air number of wood green block and some piece of greening level.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Veronika Păltânea, Horia Gavrila, Veronica Paltanea
Experimental results Non-oriented (NO) silicon iron alloys are soft magnetic materials with an approximate anisotropic grain texture.
Some mathematical interpolations (Fig. 3) prove that the NO FeSi and Co-based amorphous alloys, obeys a simple linear law: (5) where the microstructural information is now carried by n0, which represents the limiting number of simultaneously active MO's when f→0 and by the magnetic field H0.
Prediction of the number of the active magnetic objects n versus the dynamic field Hexc in a 0.65 mm thick NO FeSi lamination (M800-65A) at peak polarization Jp = 0.5 T (left figure) and in case of a 11 μm thick Co-based amorphous ribbon annealed under longitudinal applied magnetic field at peak polarization Jp = 0.02 T (right figure).
Acknowledgement This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of National Education, UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-PT-PCCA-2011-3.2-0373.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Ran Guo, Wen Hai Gai, Jun Guo
Taking solid material for example, solid material contains several scales such as the atomics structure, crystal structure, grain structure and element in macro-scale, in which they may present great differences in physical behaviour.
As shown in Fig. 3, contact interface between particle and matrix cracking cracks who make a third crack boundary.means crack boundary,means the crack boundary of inclusion particles crack boundary,means the crack boundary of substrate, so we can find that at it still satisfy: Fig.3 Voronoi Cell with Interface Debonding (1) At and,because of the cracking, the two boundary has no restraint,so satisfy the following boundary conditions (on border) (2) (on border) (3) Introduction of Lagrange multiplier method can get the Surplus energy functional (4) The total energy (5) is the unit of energy,e is the number of units, To get one order variation is described unit internal stress strain relationship of the Euler equation (6)
All nodes of the elements related to the point should be read, then the number of this point should be instead of zero, the rest points are stored.
After going though the entire nodes, a grope of nodal numbers could be obtained, in which the anticlockwised nonzero ones are the boundaries of the member.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhan Bin Guo, Song Lin Gao
As friction is formed by three items that's anchoring strength, micro convex body plastic deformation force, hard micro convex body and grinding grain furrow force, the change of sliding speed between friction pairs to be able to affect the surface temperature of friction pair.
Due to a large number of friction work is transformed into heat when the friction pair in high speed the temperature between friction pair lifts quickly, cause friction pair softening surface, between the friction pair actual contact area increases, the contact point has the agglutination, so after bonding, tear, and adhesive, and torn cycle process, cause serious adhesive wear, therefore the friction pair wear serious, this and wear along with the speed of change law is consistent.
(a) 0.84m·s-1 200N (b) 0.84m·s-1 400N Fig.6 25CrMn ring wear surface of SEM Comparison in Fig.6 (a), (b) can be found when imposing 200N load of friction pairs, there are a large number of plow wrinkles plastic deformation on frictional surfaces resulting from plough effect, while have the obvious plastic flow and trace of the material flaking.
This is because as the applied load increases, friction between worn surface of severe plastic deformation, deformation work has increased, resulting in real contact area and increase in the number of micro-convex body contact, slightly convex body onto the depth increases, last making serious wear phenomena of friction pairs.
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