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Comparing the Use of CFRP Laminates with Light Gauge Galvanized Steel Plates in Structural Strengthening of Beams Subjected to Flexural Loading Khair Al-Deen Bsisu1,a, Yaser Hunaiti2,b, Omar Malkawi3,c, Raja Ynis4,d 1Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 2Professor, Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 3M.Sc.
Student, Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 4Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Tafelah Technical University, Tafelah, Jordan ak.bsisu@ju.edu.jo, by.hunaiti@ju.edu.jo, comarmalka@yahoo.com, dn_bitawi@yahoo.com Keywords: Retro Fitting; Strengthening; Flexure; Beam; CFRP; Light Gauge Galvanized Steel Plates.
Ghosh, Western Bridge Engineer’s Seminar, Sept. 2009 [8] A fracture-based model for FRP debonding in strengthened beams, Oguz Gunes, Oral Buyukozturk and Erdem Karaca, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 76, 2009, page 1897–1909

Artificial Immune Systems Applied to the Analysis of Structural Integrity of a Building Fernando Parra dos Anjos Lima1,a, Fábio Roberto Chavarette3,b, Simone Silva Frutuoso de Souza2,c, Adriano dos Santos e Souza1,d, Mara Lúcia Martins Lopes3,e 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS) 2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS) 3Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS) UNESP – Univ.Estadual Paulista, Av.
This methodology can assist professionals in the inspection of mechanical and civil structures, to identify and characterize flaws, in order to perform preventative maintenance to ensure the integrity of the structure and decision-making.
Structures Congress 2012 – ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers). p. 213–224, (2012)
Journal of Civil structural Health Monitoring, Springer-Verlag, p. 117–217, (2013).

The design of highway must consider constructability, and must meet strength and serviceability criteria like most civil engineering systems.
Master Thesis of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; 1999
Master Thesis of Civil Engineering, Chung Fua University, Taiwan; 1992
Kartam, Neural networks in civil engineering: I.
Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE 8 2 (1994), pp. 131–148

Tab.1 The Changes Made in the Technical Category in the Various Periods of Time Phase Period Categories Meaning 1 1950~1961 vs. 1962~1971 Maintained: Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineer, Forests, Agriculture, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
Changed Changed: Aquaculture Technologist, Metallurgical Engineering, Animal Husbandry, Textile Engineering, Aviation Engineering, Mining Engineering, Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Land Surveying, Gardening, Agriculture, Mining Health, Applied Geology, and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary. 2 1962~1971 vs. 1972~1981 Maintained: Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineer, Aeronautical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
Changed: Naval Architectural Engineer, Aquaculture Technologist, Metallurgical Engineering, Animal Husbandry, Textile Engineering, Mining Engineering, Forestry, Plant Pests, Land Surveying, Gardening, Agriculture, Chemical, Agricultural, Mining and Health, Applied Geology, and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary. 3 1972~1981 vs. 1982~1991 Maintained: Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineer, Aeronautical Engineering, Naval Architectural Engineer, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
Changed: Forestry, Structural Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Aquaculture Technologist, Livestock, Textile Engineering, Mining Engineering, Land Surveying, Gardening, and Applied Geology. 4 1982~1991 vs. 1992~2001 Maintained: Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineer, Aquaculture Technologist, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Textile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Naval Architectural Engineer, Land Survey, Structural Engineering, Horticulture, Agronomy, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Geology, Environmental Engineering.
Changed: Geotechnical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Industry Security, Mining and Health, Soil and Water Conservation, Traffic Engineering, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Food, Urban Planning, Information, Fishing, Mining Safety, and Metallurgical Engineering. 5 1992~2001 vs. 2002~2012 Maintained: Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Industrial Safety, Mining and Health, Chemical Engineering, Water Conservation, Hydraulic Engineer, Aquaculture Technologist, Traffic Engineering, Metallurgical Engineering, Frozen Air Conditioning Engineering, Forestry, Food, Livestock, Textile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Naval Architectural Engineer, Urban Planning, Land Surveying, Structural Engineering, Horticulture, Information, Agriculture, Electronic Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Fishing, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Geology, Environmental Engineering, Mining Safety.

Modelling of Delfcetion Performance in Partially Bonded Cfrp Prestressed Beams Yu Deng1,2, a and Jiongfeng Liang 3, b 1School of Civil Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , Shanxi ,China 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University of Technology,Liuzhou 545006 , Guangxi ,China 3College of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,East China Institue of Technology,Fuzhou 344000, JIANGxi,China ady261@163.com, bjiongfeng108@126.com Keywords: CFRP Bars; Partially Bonded CFRP Prestressed Beams; Finite Element Model; Nonlinear; Load Delfcetion Relationship Abstract. six partial bonded concrete beams prestressed with CFRP tendons are tested under monotonic loads. deformation of this kind of beams with varying unbonded length are systematically investigated. full-range analysis for deflection performance of partial bonded CFRP prestressed beams is performed by using ADINA.
Can J Civil Eng 2000;27(October):890–899.

Comparative Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Inclined and Vertical Excavated Foundation Chen Rong1, a, Liu He-feng 1,b, Hao Dong-xue1,c * and Wang Zhi-yun 2,d 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Dianli University; Jilin, Jilin Province, P.
China 2 College of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P.
Introduction Excavated foundations are widely used in in hard plastic clay and good-orthostatic gravel soil in transmission line engineering.
Journal of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 2012, 34(4):24～31
Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2011,7(3):454~463

Mechanical Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete Using Steel Fibers Dhanalakshmi Ayyanar1,a*, Shahul Hameed Masthan Ali2,b, Priyanka Kaliraj3,c, Velci Shridevi Paulraj4,d and Kumar Rajendrakani5,e 1Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India 2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India 3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India 4Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India 5Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India a*dhanalakshmicvl@psr.edu.in, bdean_research@psr.edu.in, cpriyanka38cvl@gmail.com, dvelcishridevi@psr.edu.in, ekumarvijaya1704@gmail.com Keywords: Geopolymer Concrete, Silica Fume, Steel Fiber, Molarity, Mechanical Behaviour.
Rangan, “Low-calcium, fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete,” in Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook, E.
[11] Vijaya Rangan B, Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw DMJ, Studies on flyash based Geopolymer concrete, Australian journal of civil engineering, 6(1): 77–86, 2005
Journal of Structural Engineering, 27:111–116, 2000
Shahul Hameed, Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Various Molar Concentrations (8m to 16m), Journal of Civil and Construction Engineering, 7,2, 41-46, 2021

Compressive Strength and Hydration Process of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) mixed with Sea Water, Marine Sand and Portland Composite Cement M.W.Tjaronge1,a, Rita Irmawaty2,b, Sakti Adji Adisasmita3,c, Arwin Amiruddin4 and Hartini5 1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 2Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 3Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 4Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 5Master Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia atjaronge@yahoo.co.jp, brita_irmaway@yahoo.co.id, cadjiadisasmita.yahoo.com Keywords: sea water, marine sand, Portland composite cement, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), compressive strength, static modulus, hydration process.
Most of the research works were conducted in the Eco Material and Concrete Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia.

Research on spatial modeling of the combined beam-arch bridge Ying SHIa, Jie SHIb, Shan ting FANGc, Wei CHENd College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China a zj_sy2003@163.com, b shijie_2010@hotmail.com, c fst_002@163.com, d chenwei9626@126.com Keywords: combined beam-arch bridge; spatial simulation model; grillage theory; MIDAS/Civil; simplified spatial model Abstract.
Combined with one specific engineering example, in which the novelty and complexity of the bridge has to be taken into account, a complex spatial simulation model including beam, plate, and solid elements is established by the application of MIDAS/Civil2006, then its internal force is calculated and analyzed.
Introduction In the actual engineering design, in order to improve the accuracy of calculation analysis, some large-scale spatial analytical procedures are often applied to carry out analysis for the complicated bridge.
The related reference materials of MIDAS/Civil [4] recommend that a 1.5m around between transverse connecting beams in accuracy can be generally meet the design requirements.

Externally bonded reinforcing technique with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely used in civil engineering.
In order to use CFL reliablly and design economically in civil engineering, further research on the bond behavior between CFL and concrete is needed.
Engineering Structures. 26(2004) 553–64 [3] X.Z.
Engineering Structures. 27(2005) 920-37 [4] Nakaba K, Toshiyuki K, Tomoki F, Hiroyuki Y.
Key Engineer Materials.