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In the course of this process, the aluminium samples are dipped in a pre-treating solution containing nickel salt and hydrogen-fluoride where nickel film is formed on the surface in the course of contact-reduction reaction.
The primary aim of this method is to develop such an adsorbed hypophosphite layer on the aluminium substrate surface which can help the deposition of Ni-P layer in the starting phase of chemical reduction deposition.
The left part of Table 2 shows XPS data of the aluminium substrates determined in order to study the surface conditions of the original (untreated) AlMg2 alloy samples before and after Ar+ ion bombardment (2 keV Ar + ions, ion current density 15-20 µA/cm2).
The chemical states of surface elements of the untreated (bare AlMg2) and pre-treated AlMg2 samples with and without water rinsing O 1s 532.3 O 1s 532.6 O 1s 532.5 O 1s 533.4 C 1s 289.8 Al 2p oxide 75.8 C 1s 287.7 C 1s 289.0 Al 2p oxide 76.0 Al 2p metal 72.9 C 1s 285.8 C 1s 286.4 Al 2p metal 72.9 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2s 191.6 P 2s 192.6 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2p 134.5 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Na 2s 64.3 pre-treated with rinsed Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) untreated sample (before Ar+) untreated sample(after Ar+) Chemical components Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) pre-treated without rinsed Chemical components (In the course of the evaluation of the XPS data the presented binding energy values were calibrated based on the binding energies of Al 2p 72.9 eV (metal) and 75.9 eV (oxide)).

Introduction Rising demand on passenger safety and strict regulations on CO2-emission reductions put pressure on the automotive industry to further develop their vehicle platforms.
Especially the reduction of weight and an enhanced crash behavior has gained large interest.
The data was further processed by smoothing the measurements with a moving average filter and conduct a temperature correction using Eq. 2 described in detail in [5] to obtain isothermal flow curves.
The isolines are obtained from extrapolation of experimental data conducted at 20 different parameter sets.

Evidence has been noted of tumor induction in rodent studies but corresponding human toxicity data of bromate has been limited to acute accidental poisoning cases, where symptoms may include severe gastrointestinal irritation, depression of the central nervous system, and renal failure [3].
Compromising between bromate reduction by KMnO4and the residual manganese concentration, it is suggested the optimal KMnO4 dosage to be 1mg/L.
In KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation, 31 % and 9 % of bromate reduction were achieved when humic acid concentration was 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively.
Potassium Bromate (Summary of Data Report-ed and Evaluation).

Moreover, they found that the component in compression of a loading in traction/compression must be important to show its effect on the life reduction after impact.
All the data which can change or variable during the manufacturing can be integrated on the design of experiments.
Transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in cross-ply laminates of different matrix toughness.
NDT data fusion at pixel level.

Optimization Study of Pyrolysis Process for Bamboo Waste by Orthogonal Experiment Li Yang1, a, Yonggang Wei1, b, Hua Wang1, c and Jianhang Hu1, d 1Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P.
These results expand the comprehensive utilization range of biomass, as well as provide basic data with use of bamboo waste.
A B A×B C A×C B×C Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Experimental data processing This test belongs to multi-factor index orthogonal test, need do 18 experiments according orthogonal experiment scheme, fill experimental indexes in the last two columns of table 4, and then get the table of test result of the orthogonal experiments.
TG curve has a smaller decline, roughly 2% reduction.

It can be to inhibit the recombination between electron (e-) and hole (h+) in photocatalytic activity, which enhances photo-oxidation and photo-reduction in photodegradation.
(a) Linear plot of q(mg/g) with irradiation time(Ln(t)) and (b) Linear plot of q(mg/g) with irradiation time ( t0.5) for MB photodegradation by using photocatalyst composite hydrogel beads Table 1 shows that the results of the fitting of the photocatalytic and adsorption kinetic data for photodegradation by using SA, ZnO/SA, ZnO+AgNO3/SA, ZnO+g-C3N4/SA, ZnO+Fe3O4/SA, and ZnO+GO/SA composites hydrogel beads.
Constants of photocatatalytic and adsorption process are derived from the fits of the corresponding models to the experimental data of Fig.4. and Fig. 5 Constant Value Composite hydrogel beads SA ZnO/SA ZnO+AgNO3 /SA ZnO+g-C3N4 /SA ZnO+Fe3O4 /SA ZnO+GO /SA qe(mg/g) 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 k1 (x 10-3)(min-1) 3.68 4.14 5.98 6.91 5.07 5.98 R2 0.8244 0.9489 0.8759 0.885 0.9839 0.8857 k2 (x10-3)(g.mg-1.min-1) 0.78 2.28 2.06 5.05 2.28 5.01 R2 0.9703 0.9525 0.969 0.9943 0.9525 0.9904 Desorption Rate(b) (mg/(g.min)-1) 40.00 33.89 38.17 42.37 34.84 34.48 Adsorption Rate(a) (g/mg) 0.26 0.22 0.15 0.04 0.19 0.09 R2 0.8988 0.972 0.9309 0.9262 0.92 0.9698 ki (x10-3)(mg.g-1.min1/2) 4.5 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.9 6.2 R2 0.8628 0.9391 0.8836 0.803 0.973 0.886 Table 1 shows that the pseudo first order and peudo second order in photodegradation process by using AgNO3, g-C3N4, Fe3O4, and GO doped ZnO photocatalyst composites hydrogel beads.
The h+ and e- can be photo-oxidation and photo-reduction reaction, respectively.

The MIP results were obtained in the form of raw data representing cumulative intruded volume versus pressure curves.
As stated earlier raw data so obtained were processed to obtain a general form of the pore size distribution equation as discussed in the next section.
Reduction in w/c ratio results in reduction in pore size as well as the size become uniform, because the original water filled spaces in the unhydrated paste are smaller and relatively more uniform sizes, in a well dispersed particulate system.

One of the main stages of the process is the filling of the mould cavity, where a correct design of each component will lead to a reduction of negative effects on the generated part.
In general, this contraction phase causes an additional reduction in the height of the melt that generates a cavity in the part.
In parallel, equation (2) will be solved with the data of the selected part and the selected riser.
This data is of great relevance if the functional performance of the part to be manufactured is taken into account.

the negative impact on coastal reclamation in Bay Wetland Environment mainly show in the natural landscape fragmentation or reduce, biological habitat destruction or reduce, biomass or reduction in the number of species, morphology change, tidal volume and flow field changes, the final environmental effect will cause the Gulf ecosystem, productivity decline (Figure 1)..
Zhang Huaguo[6] analysis and silting in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Reclamation using remote sensing data, found that since 1986, more than 1 km2 reclamation of a large area mainly occurred in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay, the cumulative reclamation area has reached 124.3 km2, is the most concentrated area of the coast line of Hangzhou Bay reclamation; evolution never stops, mainly by artificial reclamation and aquaculture caused by inning and silting.
Guo Wei and Zhu Dakui [1] analysis of Shenzhen environment and land reclamation , to 2000, Shenzhen reclamation area has reached 2680 Hm2, the negative impact to the marine environment is mainly manifested in: the West Coast Beach groove has evolved dramatically, not for the future operating environment for enhancing the stability, the West Port Area threat; tidal volume rapidly reduced, after 20 years of reclamation, the Lingding coast west tidal volume decreased 20% ~ 30%, the Shenzhen Bay tidal volume decreased 15.6%, tidal volume reduction of the flow velocity is reduced, to change, even more detrimental to the dilution and diffusion of pollutants; coastal water pollution, the west coast of Shenzhen city water generally not up to the standard of 3 types of water; the decline of carrying capacity of coastal ecological, only 1988~2000 years along the coast of the Shenzhen Bay reclamation area occupied mangrove reserve reaches 147 Hm2, accounted for the entire area of 48.8%, so that the
It include identifications temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Land Sea around the harbour area, information interpretation of regional remote sensing data, analysis of typical Bay Wetland Land / sea wetlands using extended feature and spatial differentiation

Nevertheless the data are accurate enough to capture the overall features such as extent of the supersonic core region, the number of shock cells and the spacing between them.
Thus a reduction of about 22% is caused by the tab whereas at NPR5 once again the core length for both the cases are almost identical at around 7.5D.
Thus a reduction of about 28% is caused by the tab at NPR 3.
Conclusions The analysis of data obtained with and without control for the nozzle and orifice shows that the tab effectiveness is influenced by the boundary layer and the expansion level at the nozzle exit.