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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Yao Sun, Guan Li Xu, Hai Liao, Chuan Min Sun
Besides, the Ba2+ ions can substitute Ca2+ in belite to form substitution solid solution [7], increase coordination number and Ca-O spacing leading to improvement of hydration activity of clinker.
Ratios of raw material and burning temperature Number Ratios of raw material /10-2 Calcinations temperature /˚C Coal gangue Limestone Gypsum Fluorite Barite B3 28.20 65.43 4.77 0.79 0.80 1330 B5 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1350 B6 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1330 B9 27.84 65.83 4.54 0.79 1.00 1330 B10 27.83 65.74 4.13 0.79 1.50 1330 Prior to analyses, hydration of samples was stopped by plunging the samples 30 min in isopropanol and rinsing twice with diethyl-ether.
Prior to XRD, cement was ground to a grain size ≤63μm for the analysis.
Unconfined compressive strength of cement pastes Number Unconfined compressive strength /MPa 3d 7d B3 45.6 48.9 B5 36.6 42.7 B6 40.3 44.3 B9 40.9 47.6 B10 39.4 40.0 Clinker analyses.
Ratios of raw material and burning temperature Number Ratios of raw material /10-2 Calcinations temperature /˚C Coal gangue Limestone Gypsum Fluorite Barite B3 28.20 65.43 4.77 0.79 0.80 1330 B5 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1350 B6 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1330 B9 27.84 65.83 4.54 0.79 1.00 1330 B10 27.83 65.74 4.13 0.79 1.50 1330 Prior to analyses, hydration of samples was stopped by plunging the samples 30 min in isopropanol and rinsing twice with diethyl-ether.
Prior to XRD, cement was ground to a grain size ≤63μm for the analysis.
Unconfined compressive strength of cement pastes Number Unconfined compressive strength /MPa 3d 7d B3 45.6 48.9 B5 36.6 42.7 B6 40.3 44.3 B9 40.9 47.6 B10 39.4 40.0 Clinker analyses.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Yuan Song, Guang Hui Cheng
In addition, industry standards are published, for example, the standard for coal ash power is that GB/T1596—2005 is used for coal ash power in cement and concrete [5], and the standard for ground granulated blast furnace slag is used for graining blast furnace slag in cement and concrete [6].
Table 2 Grinding test scheme of ground granulated blast furnace slag Sample number Grinding technique, time(min ) Grinding body form Weight of grinding materials (kg ) Note Pre-grinding time Final-grinding time 0 Final grinding, time 45 min Ball section 5.0 Control sample 1 15(pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 2 2( pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 3 2( pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 4 30 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 1# 5 25 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 2# 6 20 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 3# 7 8.
Table 3 Experimental results of different grinding ways (from good to bad) Smaple number Peak um Mean um D10 um D50 um D90 um Specific area cm2/ml Specific area m2/kg 14 16.02 8.326 0.727 6.200 18.47 25183 458 4 20.02 8.885 0.807 6.758 20.77 23780 440 0 17.98 9.013 0.826 7.043 20.56 22664 407 6 42.39 17.56 0.919 11.92 44.39 18385 384 11 43.19 18.03 0.926 12.26 44.18 18069 378 5 42.39 17.62 1.019 12.06 43.95 17363 375 13 44.59 18.69 1.135 14.70 46.40 16548 366 12 45.09 18.99 1.200 14.89 47.08 16196 360 The experimental results in Table 3 indicates that grinding technology, grinding time, grinding body and ball ratio has different effect on indicators on micro powder.
And the fluidity is higher than that of 0#, which indicates that the quality of ground granulated blast furnace slag applying the technique is the best, Table 4 Activity test results of ground granulated blast furnace slag with different grinding ways Sample number 0(407) 4(440) 14(458) 5(375) 11(378) 7d activity index 70 77 85 60 58 28d activity index 93 96 106 82 86 Fludity ratio 100 103 109 110 110 Conclusions The experiment researches the effect of using different grinding bodies and grinding time on ground granulated blast furnace slag in the process of producing cement, and the research results indicate that :(1) Grinding effect of different grinding bodies has great difference, (2) The grinding effect of applying pre-grinding technology is not better than that of applying final grinding technology. (3) Longer pre-grinding time is not good.
Table 2 Grinding test scheme of ground granulated blast furnace slag Sample number Grinding technique, time(min ) Grinding body form Weight of grinding materials (kg ) Note Pre-grinding time Final-grinding time 0 Final grinding, time 45 min Ball section 5.0 Control sample 1 15(pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 2 2( pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 3 2( pre-grinding ) Ball section 7.5 4 30 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 1# 5 25 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 2# 6 20 (secondary grinding ) Ball section 5.0 Final grinding of 3# 7 8.
Table 3 Experimental results of different grinding ways (from good to bad) Smaple number Peak um Mean um D10 um D50 um D90 um Specific area cm2/ml Specific area m2/kg 14 16.02 8.326 0.727 6.200 18.47 25183 458 4 20.02 8.885 0.807 6.758 20.77 23780 440 0 17.98 9.013 0.826 7.043 20.56 22664 407 6 42.39 17.56 0.919 11.92 44.39 18385 384 11 43.19 18.03 0.926 12.26 44.18 18069 378 5 42.39 17.62 1.019 12.06 43.95 17363 375 13 44.59 18.69 1.135 14.70 46.40 16548 366 12 45.09 18.99 1.200 14.89 47.08 16196 360 The experimental results in Table 3 indicates that grinding technology, grinding time, grinding body and ball ratio has different effect on indicators on micro powder.
And the fluidity is higher than that of 0#, which indicates that the quality of ground granulated blast furnace slag applying the technique is the best, Table 4 Activity test results of ground granulated blast furnace slag with different grinding ways Sample number 0(407) 4(440) 14(458) 5(375) 11(378) 7d activity index 70 77 85 60 58 28d activity index 93 96 106 82 86 Fludity ratio 100 103 109 110 110 Conclusions The experiment researches the effect of using different grinding bodies and grinding time on ground granulated blast furnace slag in the process of producing cement, and the research results indicate that :(1) Grinding effect of different grinding bodies has great difference, (2) The grinding effect of applying pre-grinding technology is not better than that of applying final grinding technology. (3) Longer pre-grinding time is not good.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Charles C. Sorrell, Pramod Koshy, Duong D. Nguyen, Liam Devlin
In this method, the phase contents are calculated based on the number of points on a grid that coincide with the area of the individual phases in an optical micrograph of a sample that has been mounted and polished; phase differentiation is by colour [2].
The point counting method is considered to be relatively accurate for the assessment of C3S, C2S, and the total but it is very time-consuming owing to the large number of counts required.
The internal standard method has been observed to be influenced significantly by a number of limiting factors: · Overlap of the main XRD peaks for C3S and C2S precludes their use and the remaining peaks have relatively low intensities [2,8]
· Preferred orientation effects arising from grain growth and associated morphological effects will cause variations in the peak intensities [9]
The point counting method is considered to be relatively accurate for the assessment of C3S, C2S, and the total but it is very time-consuming owing to the large number of counts required.
The internal standard method has been observed to be influenced significantly by a number of limiting factors: · Overlap of the main XRD peaks for C3S and C2S precludes their use and the remaining peaks have relatively low intensities [2,8]
· Preferred orientation effects arising from grain growth and associated morphological effects will cause variations in the peak intensities [9]
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Xiu Li, Ming Hui Su
Self-compacting and Tiny Expanding Steel Tube Concrete Preparation
The Concrete Aggregate
The cement is P.O 52.5, sand is intermediate grain river sand inⅡ district-level, fineness number of 2.6, its loose density is 1610 kg/m3, fully compacted density of 1785 kg/m3, the nature density of 2575kg/m3, mud content was 0.7%, the soil content is 0.3%,belong to class Ⅱ sand, organic matter content is qualified.
Table 1 Mix proportion and mix’s fluidity number water cement ratio reference consumpti-on of cement [kg/m3] sand ratio [%] admix- ture [%] slump constant/ extension[mm] 0h 2h 4h 6h 7h 8h 1 0.32 460 40 13 220/560 210/510 200/450 190/420 160/300 120/220 2 0.33 470 45 13 245/660 245/610 245/610 230/600 230/600 180/370 3 0.34 480 43 13 240/600 215/520 210/520 205/450 205/450 140/280 Table 2 Basic mechanics performance in different mix proportion Number Cubic strength of concrete[MPa] Modulus of elasticity [GPa] 3d 7d 28d 1 46.8 57.2 63.8 43.0 2 43.9 53.2 62.2 42.8 3 42.1 54.6 60.1 40.1 Mix Proportion in Finally Construction (showed as table3) Table 3 Mix proportion in finally construction materials water cement sand gravel admixture Water cement ratio Sand ratio Consumption [kg/m3] 165 470 779 951 70 0.35 45% Proportion of quality 0.35 1 1.66 2.02 0.15 Steel Tube Concrete Pumping Construction Technology The Equipment of Pumping Construction Equipped with three sets of pumping equipment
Table 1 Mix proportion and mix’s fluidity number water cement ratio reference consumpti-on of cement [kg/m3] sand ratio [%] admix- ture [%] slump constant/ extension[mm] 0h 2h 4h 6h 7h 8h 1 0.32 460 40 13 220/560 210/510 200/450 190/420 160/300 120/220 2 0.33 470 45 13 245/660 245/610 245/610 230/600 230/600 180/370 3 0.34 480 43 13 240/600 215/520 210/520 205/450 205/450 140/280 Table 2 Basic mechanics performance in different mix proportion Number Cubic strength of concrete[MPa] Modulus of elasticity [GPa] 3d 7d 28d 1 46.8 57.2 63.8 43.0 2 43.9 53.2 62.2 42.8 3 42.1 54.6 60.1 40.1 Mix Proportion in Finally Construction (showed as table3) Table 3 Mix proportion in finally construction materials water cement sand gravel admixture Water cement ratio Sand ratio Consumption [kg/m3] 165 470 779 951 70 0.35 45% Proportion of quality 0.35 1 1.66 2.02 0.15 Steel Tube Concrete Pumping Construction Technology The Equipment of Pumping Construction Equipped with three sets of pumping equipment
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Chong Nan Wang, Gang Yuan, Zong Tao Wang
The original matching is given event with all subscriptions to compare one by one, when subscriber only coarse-grained event theme, or there are a small number of events content filtering subscriptions, the original matching algorithm can have a smaller space and time complexity.
As the density and frequency of TT&C tasks enhance, and the number of message interaction increase, The original matching can not meet the strong real-time requirements.
When the number of event and subscription releasing is huge, the message matching strategy is that making full use of the overlaps between different subscriptions, so the repeated partial judgment will only be once.
As the density and frequency of TT&C tasks enhance, and the number of message interaction increase, The original matching can not meet the strong real-time requirements.
When the number of event and subscription releasing is huge, the message matching strategy is that making full use of the overlaps between different subscriptions, so the repeated partial judgment will only be once.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yong Zhe Fan, Jian Jun Wu, Bing Xin Song
Because there were a large number of precipitations which were adhered to the sample surface when the concentration of sodium thiosulfate was too high.
The reason for this phenomena was that when the concentration of Ferric nitrate was too high, the reaction rate was accelerated, at the same time, the self-decomposition reaction of Ferric nitrate was also speeded up, a large number of ferric hydroxide precipitation was adhered to the sample surface and hindered the deposition of coloring film.
But the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction speed was, the color was difficult to control, the binding force of film with substrate was greatly decreased with the high speed of crystallization and coarse grains, the color film was easy to fall off.
Rub the surface of colored film low-velocity constantly and uniformly by using the rubber of contact area of 1 cm2, then the number of friction of exposed substrate was written down.
The reason for this phenomena was that when the concentration of Ferric nitrate was too high, the reaction rate was accelerated, at the same time, the self-decomposition reaction of Ferric nitrate was also speeded up, a large number of ferric hydroxide precipitation was adhered to the sample surface and hindered the deposition of coloring film.
But the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction speed was, the color was difficult to control, the binding force of film with substrate was greatly decreased with the high speed of crystallization and coarse grains, the color film was easy to fall off.
Rub the surface of colored film low-velocity constantly and uniformly by using the rubber of contact area of 1 cm2, then the number of friction of exposed substrate was written down.
Online since: August 2023
Authors: Antoine Pacco, Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri, Khakimjon Saidov, Zainul Aabdin, Han Vinh Huynh, Ivan Erofeev, Ke Rong Deng, Frank Holsteyns, Harold Philipsen, Utkur Mirsaidov
The metal recess showed a highly linear dependence on the number of cycles.
This result implies that the desired Mo recess can be achieved to nanometer precision depending on the cycle number.
In addition, the etched Mo NWs after 4 cycles still showed a good surface profile, and no significant local roughness was found at grain size level.
The average Mo nanowire width changes for varied number of cycles.
This result implies that the desired Mo recess can be achieved to nanometer precision depending on the cycle number.
In addition, the etched Mo NWs after 4 cycles still showed a good surface profile, and no significant local roughness was found at grain size level.
The average Mo nanowire width changes for varied number of cycles.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Cheng Qu, Qin Yang, Bin Jiang
In such situation, CGA’s toughness is better, and becomes a kind of fine-grained genetic algorithm.
The largest number of iteration is MAX1.
The initial number of iteration is i=0.
The number of best solution that it does not change at present is j=0.
And the number 1-15 on horizontal axis respectively stands for feature number: 50, 100, 200, 500, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000.
The largest number of iteration is MAX1.
The initial number of iteration is i=0.
The number of best solution that it does not change at present is j=0.
And the number 1-15 on horizontal axis respectively stands for feature number: 50, 100, 200, 500, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Bao Hua Guo, Cai Xia Tian
When Reynolds number is below 1, inertia force has little effect; inertia force don’t dominant the flow but has significant effect when Reynolds number is between 1 and 10; when Reynolds number ranges from 1 to 100, linear relation between pressure drop and flow velocity will fail, and Reynolds equation will overestimate conductivity for about 100%; when Reynolds number is 333.26~1413.62, non-Darcy flow occur ,and don’t obey cubic law and LCL.
Pressure sensitive paper and deformable film were used to measure distribution of contact area; (3) to measure the aperture directly using resistor, nuclear magneton resonance imaging, or X-ray CT number.
Physical solution depends mainly on migration and diffusion of consolidating material among mineral grains and chip under the function of fluid flowing; chemical solution correlate closely to ion concentration, PH value etc.
In summary, following subjects need to be investigated in future: (1) Making parallel plates model with prefabricated concrete plate, armor plate, resin glass plate, and bake clay plate, and synthesizing roughness by sticking sand grains with different sizes or metal sheet on fracture surfaces can’t reflect feature of natural fracture, we should employ natural rock containing a natural or artificial fracture
Pressure sensitive paper and deformable film were used to measure distribution of contact area; (3) to measure the aperture directly using resistor, nuclear magneton resonance imaging, or X-ray CT number.
Physical solution depends mainly on migration and diffusion of consolidating material among mineral grains and chip under the function of fluid flowing; chemical solution correlate closely to ion concentration, PH value etc.
In summary, following subjects need to be investigated in future: (1) Making parallel plates model with prefabricated concrete plate, armor plate, resin glass plate, and bake clay plate, and synthesizing roughness by sticking sand grains with different sizes or metal sheet on fracture surfaces can’t reflect feature of natural fracture, we should employ natural rock containing a natural or artificial fracture
Online since: October 2012
Authors: A.J. Ruys, N. Ehsani, C.C. Sorrell
Further, HIPing enables suppression of grain growth, which can improve strength and toughness [41].
A number of pulled out grains and/or micropores can be seen in this figure.
The contact point between fibres is a crack source and therefore the number of direct fibre contacts has a negative effect on the stress-intensity factor.
The number of direct contacts was much higher for the 30 vol% fibre addition.
Besides these blemishes, a number of large voids can be clearly observed around the fibres.
A number of pulled out grains and/or micropores can be seen in this figure.
The contact point between fibres is a crack source and therefore the number of direct fibre contacts has a negative effect on the stress-intensity factor.
The number of direct contacts was much higher for the 30 vol% fibre addition.
Besides these blemishes, a number of large voids can be clearly observed around the fibres.