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The old version included a penalty on stress amounting to a reduction of the test data by 3 times standard deviation and introducing an overall safety factor of 1.5 on stress into the analysis.
Clause 5.5.5.3 states “b) Weld Quality – If a defect exists at the toe of a weld that can be characterized as a crack like flaw, i.e. undercut, and this defect exceeds the value permitted by [the NDT rules in] Part 7, then a reduction in fatigue life shall [be] calculated” by a method described in equation 5.76.
Fig. 8 shows some of the data which was collected in this exercise and the wide range of results with the admittedly poor quality test joints showing much lower fatigue curves than design codes.

Heat (c), Thermal Conductivity (λ), Emissivity Coefficient (ε) ρ [kg/m3] H [HB] E [N/mm2] υ Rp 0.2% [N/mm2] Rm [N/mm2] c [kJ/kgK] λ [W/mK] ε (at 900 -1100°C) 7800 132 210 0.3 min 360 / min 355 690 – 900 / 470 - 630 0.63 43 0.55 - 0.61 Prescribed geometrical characteristics [7] ARB LB, RB ARBA d1 d2 e f g h a b c α* Φ24.6 Φ19.7 68.8 21.9 49 26 4.5 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.1 3.5 ± 0.5 1067.5 ± 0.7 ± 1 [mm] [ º] *The α characteristic defines the relative angular position, around y axis, between LB and RB, and this is admitted to be expressed by the angular position of the symetry plane of RS1 and RS2 side surfaces relative to the symetry plane of LS1 and LS2 side surfaces, the last one being the reference base (A) Welds / LW, RW characteristics [8, 9] Angular length Gene- ration Rp 0.2% [N/mm2] Rm [N/mm2] Elongation 5%, δ [%] 362 º Push type min 420 500 - 640 min 20 Effective Dimensional Characteristics, Dependent Variables and Independent Variables Based on the data
The data analysis reveals important findings, among the following are outlined.
• The brackets thickness, a, is a strong significant product factor/ independent variable, and this is proved by the fact that the reduction of a with 44 % (see C3 vs.
• The welding speed, S, is a significant process factor/ independent variable, and this is proved by the fact that the reduction of S with 33 % (see C2 vs.

The strength anisotropy Kaσ as a function of the longitudinal drawing ratio Km Data comparison of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 as well as equations 2 and 4 shows that technological anisotropy is 1.8 times higher than the strength anisotropy throughout the study range of the longitudinal drawing ratios.
In this area, the temperature is the highest, the melt viscosity is minimal, which impacts the longitudinal drawing and proportional reduction of thickness.
It is believed that for large values of longitudinal stretching Km ˃7, and hence at high velocity of the film at the first section of height hT longitudinal uniaxial deformation occurs, which leads to a reduction of film thickness and has little influence on the anisotropy of its properties.
Taking into account the data of Table 2, the magnitude of the anisotropy of the deformation of the films in the tapered part of the sleeve was calculated at various multiplicities of the longitudinal drawing (Fig. 7).

It was proven that it reduces the Cu plates bending and deformation during the test, permitting more reliable far-field displacement data collection.
It is normal for the hypo eutectic Sn-50Bi to have lower shear strength (40.78 MPa) than 52 MPa (Sn-50Bi), because of the reduction of Bi wt% and increment of Sn wt%.
The data was supported by [9], who has conducted a similar experiment and reported the Sn-Bi hardness values for different Bi wt% from 0 to 100%.
Reduction in the IMC thickness would increase the joint strength.

This an atomic layer of carbon in hexagonal honeycomb lattice arrangement [5] can be used in high-speed electronics, data storage, supercapacitors, solar cells, and electrochemical sensing [6], [7].
Other than that, there are epitaxial growth of graphene [13], reduction of graphene oxide [14], and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
The data then was translated to the graph for every 1 cm gap from the furnace inlet (0.3 m from the tube inlet) till the flow is fully developed (0.38 m from the tube inlet).
Diankov, “simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide,” no. 13, pp. 15939–15944, 2009

As the system includes a computer with dedicated software, it is possible to merge the data from Lock-in and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) measurements and display data over a wide range of frequencies.
However, the area of the catholic peak of the sample D is the largest of the three zinc electrodes after the reduction reaction took place.
This is in front of CV performance analysis of the sample D with better and more reversible oxidation and reduction of the discharge capacity of the line.

Duplicate datasets were used for the thermal properties study, while six replicated data sets were used for the mechanical properties study to determine the statistically significant differences of mean values by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The data indicated that there was no significant difference in the results of glass temperature and melting temperature between enzymatically processed and unprocessed starches.
The results of the melting temperature in the current research contrast with the results of Yu et al. [6] That study posited that melting temperature results were possibly due to a reduction in molecular weight of the PCL and hydrolysis of the ester groups by water in the gelatinized starch.
For this research, the moisture content was controlled at 0.5% of raw materials so that the reduction of molecular weight and hydrolysis of the ester group did not occur to ensure that it did not affect melting temperature.

The six components of the hammer-type shredder are rotary feed bin device, flexible reduction drive device, spindle drive device, upper frame and supporting structure, lower frame and fence lifting structure and door structure.
The rotary feed bin device, whose speed can be controlled in the range of 3-8r/min, is driven by flexible reduction drive device. 88 movable hammer tablets are installed on the main shaft of the spindle drive device to cut up crops straw.
Through collection, weighing and calculation of the experiment data, the orthogonal test results are obtained as shown in table 1.
According to the rounded data above, the actual effective area of hydraulic cylinder can be obtained as follows: , And the highest pressure of system working cycle can be calculated as follows: Protocol Diagram of Hydraulic Principle.

It is noticed that SiAlONs present smaller values of relative density, due to the reduction of the amount of liquid phase during sintering, resulting in poorly densification.
In the former ones, only β−Si3N4 crystalline phase develops, without reduction of liquid phase, while in the latter, α-SiAlON forms with consumption of the intergranular phase [3,4].
Table 3 - Compressive creep tests data.
Furthermore, the creep rates determined are in agreement with literature data of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3 or AlN ceramic materials [8-12].

For a fixed value of percent reduction of area (in the cross section) the temperature in the drawing die increases with increasing the drawing speed.
On the basis of literature data it can be assumed that the temperature in the drawing die increases roughly in proportion to the cube root of the drawing speed [10]: (1) where: vc – drawing speed.
Application of good lubricants leads to a temperature reduction in the drawing die.
Base on the data included in Tables 2, 3, it can be concluded that together with an increase of the mechanical properties of the material increases the surface temperature of the wire during the drawing process.