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Aiming at the optimization design of spindle, this paper introduces deflection constraint, strength constraint, corner constraint, cutting force constraint, the limit of torsional deflection, boundary constraint of design variable, dynamic property constraint , realizes the expression of the mathematical model of the spindle optimization design.
The performance of spindle directly affects the Machining accuracy, surface quality and productivity, which is a key factor that decides the Whole-performance and economic and technical norms of machine tools [1-2].
A good performance spindle system must have higher static stiffness and dynamical property.
So the objective function can be represented as shown below: （2） , is weight factor, which reflects the degree of importance of each objective function. ,, and means the bending deflection of spindle itself, means the displacement caused by spindle nose.
Genetic algorithms and finite element coupling for mechanical optimization[J].

Furthermore, many of the mineralized tissues formed by organisms have amazing mechanical properties [1,2].
However, the mechanical properties of Ca- Ps are far from being close to those of human bone, which limits their applications.
These materials combine a degradable behaviour with an interesting combination of mechanical properties [98,99,101].
These molecules may affect the surface properties of the materials by adsorbing before or simultaneously to the calcium-phosphate layer formation.
The factors that affect ion release from thin-film coatings include Ca-P chemistry, coating roughness, and extent of coating strain.

The experimental results demonstrated that the temperature of the substrate does not affect the chemical composition of the deposited thin films.
In our study of the bulk MAX phases of Cr2AlC- V2AlC solid solutions, we found their mechanical and electrical properties are superior to their end members[7].
In this study we will synthesize the (Cr,V)2AlC thin films and investigate the effects of deposition conditions, as well as the properties of the deposited films.
It is reasonable to conclude that, at least in this system, the substrate temperature does not affect the final chemical compositions of the deposited thin films.
Secondly, the gas phase scattering is an important factor that influences the composition of the thin film deposited, since some atoms, such as C, travels in the Ar gas in straight paths while the other atoms may be thermalized and experience sufficient collisions before reaching the target, which was concluded from the case of Ti2AlC film deposition.

Table 1 Properties of soil used in this study.
These products are little affected by heavy metals.
Binder content can also affect strength of the stabilized soil.
By laboratory tests, the strength characteristics, the heavy metals species distribution and micro-structural properties of KMP treated contaminated soils are examined.
Pulppara, Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of cement solidified zinc-contaminated kaolin clay, Can.

MANUFACTURE OF PFBR EQUIPMENT AND MAIN CONSIDERATIONS: The major factors considered for the selection of materials include operating conditions, availability of design data in nuclear codes, ease of fabrication, International experience and safety [2,3].
In addition, this steel also possesses excellent mechanical & creep properties.
Grain size & chemical composition of above steel has been precisely specified with upper & lower values to optimize the mechanical & creep properties.
During plate procurement, high temperature tensile test is also carried out in addition to tensile test at ambient temperature on specimens to evaluate & ascertain the properties for service conditions.
A number of cutouts are provided in the top and bottom plates and in vertical stiffeners to enable access for welding to all regions during manufacture and to reduce the total weight without affecting the overall stiffness of the structure.

Materials commonly used in urban areas, such as concrete and asphalt, have significantly different thermal properties (including heat capacity and thermal conductivity) and surface radiative properties (albedo and emissivity) than the surface materials of surrounding rural areas.
Furthermore, urban canyons which are characterized by smaller sky view factors and, thus, lower rates of long wave radiation loss during the night, blocking of wind which also inhibits cooling by convection, high air pollution levels which may change the radiative properties of the atmosphere between urban and suburban/rural areas, and the considerable anthropogenic heat emissions produced by energy-intensive human activities (automobiles, air conditioning, industry and other sources) lead to an increase of temperatures in urban areas [1].
Mapping these differences across an urban area, will allow the assessment of weighting factors to the energy calculation results obtained with the use of climatic data which are included in country specific building regulations.
They presumed that the geometry of the streets affects the creation of different microclimatic conditions in the urban canyons.
Tsimpoukis, Calculation of Heating and Cooling Degree-days from records of meteorological stations in the greater metropolitan area of Thessaloniki, Diploma thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2014 (in Greek).

Other factors supporting this phenomenon include their relatively low price, light weight, and reasonable durability.
The main reason for this is that not all plastics have biodegradable and reactive properties.
The main factors influencing the increase in compressive strength of concrete are the physical and mechanical properties of the sand used.
This influences the mechanical properties of the aggregate such as higher stiffness, density, and crystallinity.
Pekmezci, Mechanical and physical properties and morphology of concrete containing plastic waste as aggregate, Constr Build Mater 257 (2020)

Baron 4 1.2.3 Dep. of Mechanical Design and Production Eng., Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Center for Advanced E-System Integration, Konkuk Univ. 2 Corresponding author, slko@konkuk.ac.kr, (82)2-450-3465 4 St.Petersburg State Polytech University, St.Petersburg, Russia Keywords: magnetic-abrasive finishing, burr, deburring, magnetic inductor, abrasive, electric gun.
It is verified the chemical composition of surface is not affected by the powder composition when the proper powder are used with coolant.
MAF is based on the magnetization property of ferromagnetic iron and the machining property of abrasives which is made of Al2O3 and SiC.
These important factors depend on the design of the magnetic inductor and the property of the magnetic powder.
These impurities are imbedded into surface as result of chemical and mechanical interaction.

Introduction Heavy metals and pathogens are two major limiting factors in sewage sludge application to agricultural land [1].
Details on the physicochemical properties of coal fly ash and sewage sludge are listed in Table 1.
Results and Discussion Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd concentration in each fraction of the fly ash and calcium oxide stabilized sludge Chemical forms of heavy metals in soil is affected by pH, redox potential (Eh), organic matter, and other factors [11, 12, 13].
Improvement of biomass growth could be explained by increase in nutrients and also improved soil physical properties.
Uptake of heavy metals by plants are not only influenced by their concentrations in soil, their chemical forms, physicochemical properties of the soil, but also by plant nutrition, stage of growth, and other factors (Chlopecka, 1996a, 1996b).

Corrosion means destruction of metals or alloys, due to the chemical agents, with negative effects on the structure and mechanical properties of the material.
It is known that a rough surface is more affected by corrosion than a polished surface [2].
The corrosion rate depends not only by the chemical composition and surface quality but also on a large number of other factors related to the nature of the electrolyte solution and its action conditions on metal (temperature, concentration, velocity, pressure, so on).
If the concentration increases to 67% both materials are affected and corrosion speed is growing to 0.005 mm/year.
Laitinen, Effects of processing and manufacturing of high nitrogen-containing stainless steels on their mechanical, corrosion and wear properties, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 117 (2001) 424–430.