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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Tie Hua Li, Shi Zhi Wen, Gong Xiu He, Liang Chen, Shi Jia Huang
The wood of Phoebe hui has meticulous structure, strong in corrosion resistance, aromatic durability, beautiful grain and excellent properties, which was used widely in construction, high-grade furniture and carving and was a very valuable timber species.
(2) t: significant difference test calculated value d: difference of factor value between the candidate superior trees value and dominant trees average value n: the pair number of factor between the candidate superior trees and dominant trees Table 3 T-test results Number of samples Calculated T value Dt Ht Vt 8 3.492 2.617 3.058 T7(0.05)= 2.365 Table 3 showed the T-test results.
They were candidate tree with the number of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 in table 2.
(2) t: significant difference test calculated value d: difference of factor value between the candidate superior trees value and dominant trees average value n: the pair number of factor between the candidate superior trees and dominant trees Table 3 T-test results Number of samples Calculated T value Dt Ht Vt 8 3.492 2.617 3.058 T7(0.05)= 2.365 Table 3 showed the T-test results.
They were candidate tree with the number of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 in table 2.
Online since: August 2019
Authors: U.S. Mallikarjun, A.G. Shivasiddaramaiah, Arunabha Majumder, Vybhavi Shivakumar, C. Shashishekar, K.B. Roopa
Cu based SMAs display great damping effect, sound absorption capacity, mechanical vibrations and mechanical waves because of the grain size, high quality, high forbearanceto corrosion, low preparing expenses and simple manufacturing [4].
In control plate, it was observed that the number of variable colonies of E.Coliwere 1200cfu/ml whereas in dilutions 10-5 and 10-6the number of variable colonies in CAM1 are 580 and 300 and in CAM2 476and 260cfu/ml respectively for growth of E.Coli.
The number of manually counted colonies appeared on the Petri plates are given in Table. 4.
In control plate, it was observed that the number of variable colonies of E.Coliwere 1200cfu/ml whereas in dilutions 10-5 and 10-6the number of variable colonies in CAM1 are 580 and 300 and in CAM2 476and 260cfu/ml respectively for growth of E.Coli.
The number of manually counted colonies appeared on the Petri plates are given in Table. 4.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Lan Ma, Shao Li Yang, Ya Ling Li
Experiment conditions and methods
Raw materials
Raw material is metallized pellet by direct reduction process of coal rotary hearth furnace in an enterprise; its metallized rate is about 80% [6], before reduction the raw material is not added with reduced reduction temperature, accelerated iron oxide reduction, sodium and additives promoting iron grain growth.
Table 3 Results of orthogonal experiment Number magnetizing current /A Particle size/μm Feed ore concentration magnetic material percentage /% 1 1.5 +178 1:3 85 2 1.5 178~74 1:5 87 3 1.5 -74 1:7 85 4 2.5 +178 1:7 78 5 2.5 178~74 1:3 72 6 2.5 -74 1:5 81 7 4 +178 1:5 84 8 4 178~74 1:7 82 9 4 -74 1:3 81 Chemically analyze magnetic and non-magnetic materials; respectively calculate iron metallized ratio and recovery in magnetic materials and TiO2 recovery in terms of equation (1)-(3), results of which are shown in Table 4 and Table 5
(1) (2) (3) Table 4 Chemical analysis and calculated results of magnetic materials (%) Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TFe 79.14 83.28 83.13 86.90 82.16 92.10 77.60 83.14 88.73 TiO2 5.65 5.12 5.34 4.67 5.10 4.22 5.88 5.55 5.23 MFe 61.61 69.95 72.80 70.89 73.99 77.07 66.50 74.00 74.02 Metallized ration 77.8 84.0 87.6 81.6 90.1 83.7 85.7 89.0 83.4 Recovery of Fe 86.5 77.1 80.2 93.9 91.9 96.0 77.9 87.7 92.5 Table 5 Chemical analysis and calculated results of non-magnetic materials (%) Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TiO2 32.27 34.65 34.22 33.34 33.28 35.75 34.49 33.89 33.58 TFe 30.14 37.22 27.33 25.90 31.48 24.56 31.22 29.34 32.24 TiO2 Recovery 38.5 82.6 72.1 45.8 33.6 58.9 66.4 49.7 55.5 In terms of the range analysis of test results in Table 3, we obtain: (1) The impact of particle size on the magnetic separation effect is the greatest, magnetizing current takes the second place,
Table 3 Results of orthogonal experiment Number magnetizing current /A Particle size/μm Feed ore concentration magnetic material percentage /% 1 1.5 +178 1:3 85 2 1.5 178~74 1:5 87 3 1.5 -74 1:7 85 4 2.5 +178 1:7 78 5 2.5 178~74 1:3 72 6 2.5 -74 1:5 81 7 4 +178 1:5 84 8 4 178~74 1:7 82 9 4 -74 1:3 81 Chemically analyze magnetic and non-magnetic materials; respectively calculate iron metallized ratio and recovery in magnetic materials and TiO2 recovery in terms of equation (1)-(3), results of which are shown in Table 4 and Table 5
(1) (2) (3) Table 4 Chemical analysis and calculated results of magnetic materials (%) Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TFe 79.14 83.28 83.13 86.90 82.16 92.10 77.60 83.14 88.73 TiO2 5.65 5.12 5.34 4.67 5.10 4.22 5.88 5.55 5.23 MFe 61.61 69.95 72.80 70.89 73.99 77.07 66.50 74.00 74.02 Metallized ration 77.8 84.0 87.6 81.6 90.1 83.7 85.7 89.0 83.4 Recovery of Fe 86.5 77.1 80.2 93.9 91.9 96.0 77.9 87.7 92.5 Table 5 Chemical analysis and calculated results of non-magnetic materials (%) Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TiO2 32.27 34.65 34.22 33.34 33.28 35.75 34.49 33.89 33.58 TFe 30.14 37.22 27.33 25.90 31.48 24.56 31.22 29.34 32.24 TiO2 Recovery 38.5 82.6 72.1 45.8 33.6 58.9 66.4 49.7 55.5 In terms of the range analysis of test results in Table 3, we obtain: (1) The impact of particle size on the magnetic separation effect is the greatest, magnetizing current takes the second place,
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Murugesu Yoganathan, Ping Wu, Avinash K. Gupta, Ejiro Emorhokpor, Ilya Zwieback, Xue Ping Xu, Christ Martin, Andy Souzis, Tom Anderson, Varatharajan Rengarajan
The technique reveals crystal defects that cause strain in the material, including various defect clusters, inclusions and regions with mixed polytype or sub-grain structure.
SiC exists in a large number of polytypes, and it is crucial to maintain the desired polytype, 4H or 6H, during growth.
The wafers in a boule are numbered sequentially with #1 being at the seed end.
Compared to the status of two years ago, the above numbers reflect two-three fold reduction.
SiC exists in a large number of polytypes, and it is crucial to maintain the desired polytype, 4H or 6H, during growth.
The wafers in a boule are numbered sequentially with #1 being at the seed end.
Compared to the status of two years ago, the above numbers reflect two-three fold reduction.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Xiao Yang Li, Yue Hua Liu, Shu Jun Chen, Hui Ping Yu, Wei Wei Wang
The obvious grains from proximal side to remote side indicate the direction of the force transferring, and the shear stress from axial force on this interface results in collapse.
Table 2 The results of tensile-shear testing Number Fm [KN] Diameter of nugget [mm] Shear strength [MPa] Failure mode 1 20.6 5.54 855 Interfacial fracture 2 22.32 6.0 789 Interfacial fracture Average 21.46 5.77 822 --- Result analysis of tensile-shear experiment.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under the Project Number 3122004, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Project Number 11172013, which are gratefully acknowledged.
Table 2 The results of tensile-shear testing Number Fm [KN] Diameter of nugget [mm] Shear strength [MPa] Failure mode 1 20.6 5.54 855 Interfacial fracture 2 22.32 6.0 789 Interfacial fracture Average 21.46 5.77 822 --- Result analysis of tensile-shear experiment.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under the Project Number 3122004, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Project Number 11172013, which are gratefully acknowledged.
Online since: January 2003
Authors: Hartmut Schneider, Balázs Verő, Anna Fauszt, Rózsa Takács, Ákos Horváth
However, in case of the
occurrence of any failure, the mass production will automatically result in a great number of
defective products.
Although the number of measurements is relatively small, we can conclude that the methods applied can give fairly identic7al results.
Since in case of specimens of grade EK the number of micro-voids are not decreased during firing, the surface effect clearly predominate.
The temperature during the enamel firing is significantly higher than the coiling and annealing temperature, therefore, both the partial dissolution and re-precipitation of some carbonitrides and grain coarsening of a ferrite can be expected.
Although the number of measurements is relatively small, we can conclude that the methods applied can give fairly identic7al results.
Since in case of specimens of grade EK the number of micro-voids are not decreased during firing, the surface effect clearly predominate.
The temperature during the enamel firing is significantly higher than the coiling and annealing temperature, therefore, both the partial dissolution and re-precipitation of some carbonitrides and grain coarsening of a ferrite can be expected.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Gonasagren Govender, Heinrich Möller, Sigqibo Templeton Camagu
This is due to the tendency of the “larger” particles to occupy the grain boundaries [5].
Stereo image showing topographical features of the F MMHC 15 minute worn surface with a number of fine slip bands (double pointed arrows) in different directions.
Under cyclic deformation, a large number of dislocations gets accumulated and form a series of closely spaced slip bands also known as persistent slip bands (PSB).
Nucleation of microcracks occurs preferentially on the PSBs and during a large number of cycles these microcracks coalesce to form macrocracks which leads to spalling of the material from the interface.
Stereo image showing topographical features of the F MMHC 15 minute worn surface with a number of fine slip bands (double pointed arrows) in different directions.
Under cyclic deformation, a large number of dislocations gets accumulated and form a series of closely spaced slip bands also known as persistent slip bands (PSB).
Nucleation of microcracks occurs preferentially on the PSBs and during a large number of cycles these microcracks coalesce to form macrocracks which leads to spalling of the material from the interface.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Thibault Poulain, José Mendez, Laurent de Baglion, Gilbert Hénaff
The grain size is around 80 µm and the crystallographic texture is less than 2.
Influence of strain rate on cyclic behavior and fatigue life The fatigue life, noted Nf, corresponds in this paper to the number of cycles necessary to observe a decrease of 25 % of the stress repsonse.
As illustrated Fig. 2, a low strain rate results into a higher cyclic stress and a displacement of the peak of tensile stress towards higher number of cycles.
In air, as shown Fig. 3.a, an increase in the cyclic stress, a displacement of the peak stress towards larger number of cycles and a reduction in fatigue life are observed at low strain rate, indicating a negative strain rate dependence of the stress response as in vacuum.
Influence of strain rate on cyclic behavior and fatigue life The fatigue life, noted Nf, corresponds in this paper to the number of cycles necessary to observe a decrease of 25 % of the stress repsonse.
As illustrated Fig. 2, a low strain rate results into a higher cyclic stress and a displacement of the peak of tensile stress towards higher number of cycles.
In air, as shown Fig. 3.a, an increase in the cyclic stress, a displacement of the peak stress towards larger number of cycles and a reduction in fatigue life are observed at low strain rate, indicating a negative strain rate dependence of the stress response as in vacuum.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ya Ni Zhang, Dang Hui Wang, Tian Han Xu
Table 1 Basic producing technology for chromium bronze
Serial number
Basic treatment processing
1#
solution treatment +cold rolling+aging treatment+ cold rolling
2#
solution treatment +cold rolling+aging treatment+ cold rolling+cold working
The processing for preparing specimens was the same as that described in the previous studies [11].
Table 2 The values of the polarization parameter in 1M NaCl solution Serial number Ecorr(V) Icorr(A/cm2) Ecrit(V) Icrit(A/cm2) Epass(V) Ipass(A/cm2) 1# -0.273 1.242×10-6 0.049 3.219×10-2 0.124 2.633×10-3 2# -0.263 1.56×10-6 0.059 2.925×10-2 0.132 3.186×10-3 (a) (b) Fig. 2.
Table 3 The weight-loss of chromium bronze in NaCl fog (g/m2) Serial number 3 days 6 days 9 days 12 days 1# 2.51 2.70 5.00 9.27 2# 2.73 2.93 5.28 10.95 gap 0.22 0.23 0.28 1.68 Fig. 3.
The influences of plastic deformation and grain size upon corrosion property of decorative copper alloys [J].
Table 2 The values of the polarization parameter in 1M NaCl solution Serial number Ecorr(V) Icorr(A/cm2) Ecrit(V) Icrit(A/cm2) Epass(V) Ipass(A/cm2) 1# -0.273 1.242×10-6 0.049 3.219×10-2 0.124 2.633×10-3 2# -0.263 1.56×10-6 0.059 2.925×10-2 0.132 3.186×10-3 (a) (b) Fig. 2.
Table 3 The weight-loss of chromium bronze in NaCl fog (g/m2) Serial number 3 days 6 days 9 days 12 days 1# 2.51 2.70 5.00 9.27 2# 2.73 2.93 5.28 10.95 gap 0.22 0.23 0.28 1.68 Fig. 3.
The influences of plastic deformation and grain size upon corrosion property of decorative copper alloys [J].
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Jiří Vala
,sh) with s∈{1,…,m} for appropriate functions ψ, the time-discretized form of Eq. 9, utilizing the classical Euler implicit scheme, working with the uniform decomposition of I to a finite integer number m of sub-intervals of the same length h=τ/m, reads
a(v,D2ums)+b(v,ums)+c(v,ums)=Fms(v) ∀ v∈V (10)
where D2ums=h-2(ums-2um s-1+um s-2)∈W, Fms(v) means F(v) with fi and gi replaced by fims and gims and s (here and later) is an arbitrary index from {1,…,m}.
Thanks to the quasi-linearity of Eq. 9, for a large class of domains Ω, as from those consisting of a finite number of particular grains, without any cracks inside, it is possible to derive u in Eq. 9 from the limits of the sequences of Rothe, constructed from Eq. 10.
Simple identification problems (with a small number of constants, identified from static tests, microscopic observation and numerical calibration) are handled applying the least squares or the conjugate gradient approaches in [3, 15] where selected computational applications to a) structural alloys, b) an intermetallic alloy TiAl, c) long fibre composites and d) special ceramics (as silicone nitride) are documented, too.
Thanks to the quasi-linearity of Eq. 9, for a large class of domains Ω, as from those consisting of a finite number of particular grains, without any cracks inside, it is possible to derive u in Eq. 9 from the limits of the sequences of Rothe, constructed from Eq. 10.
Simple identification problems (with a small number of constants, identified from static tests, microscopic observation and numerical calibration) are handled applying the least squares or the conjugate gradient approaches in [3, 15] where selected computational applications to a) structural alloys, b) an intermetallic alloy TiAl, c) long fibre composites and d) special ceramics (as silicone nitride) are documented, too.