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Soft tooling is easier to work with than tooling steels because these tools are performed from materials such as epoxy-based composites with aluminum particles, silicone rubber or low-melting-point alloys.
However, the main advantage of this method is that the core and cavity can easily be fabricated without the use of medical knife because the parting surface is fabricated first via silicone rubber materials.
Matuszak,” Rapid tooling: the state of the art,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 106, 2000, Pages 191-198
Bolt,” Study on the usability and robustness of polymer and wood materials for tooling in sheet metal forming,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 202, 2008, Pages 47-53
Lu,” Micro-mould fabrication for a micro-gear via vacuum casting,”Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 192-193, 2007, Pages 334-339

Atwater, Plasmonics – a route to nanoscale optical devices, Advanced Materials 13 (2001) 1501-1505
Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 14(4), (1996) 2456-2461
Loginova, Macro- and Nanoscopic Capillary Effect on Nanosructured Real Surface, Journal of Superhard Materials 34 (2012) P. 81-94
Oulevey, Scanning Local-acceleration Microscopy, Journal Vacuum Science and Technology B 14 (1996) 794-799
Lemaitre, Rearangements and Dilatancy for Sheared Dense Materials, Physical Review Letters 89 (2002) 4153-4165

Active control with the aid of intelligent material is thought to be an effective solution to supress the vibration of flexible structures.
Crawley researched the interaction between piezoelectric patches and beams in [3,4] and suggested the use of PZT as intelligent material for active vibration control.
Preumont, “Responsive Systems for Active Vibration Control,” Kluwer, NATO Science Series, Vol.85, 2002
Shen, “Bending and torsional vibration control of composite beams through intelligent constrained-layer damping treatments,” Smart Materials and Structures, 4, pp.340–355, 1995
Park, “Finite element modelling of piezoelectric sensors and actuators,” Journal of AIAA, 31, pp.930–937, 1993 [16] S.

Effect of Rice Straw Amount Portion on Physical Properties of Adding Admixtures Hollow Block Jun Liu1, a, Honghong Zhou2,b and Bing Zhang3,c 1School of materials science and engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110168, China 2School of materials science and engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110168, China 3School of materials science and engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110168, China aliujun2699@126.com, bzhouhonghong0501@163.com, chabbylaw@163.com Keywords: Rice Straw, Amount Portion, Hollow Block.
Raw materials and test methods Raw materials.
Our country inorganic cementitious material based straw materials development present situation.
Journal of Anhui agricultural science. vol. (2010), p.11335
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. (2007), p.1571.

Ebert: Material science & engineering, A302 (2001) 37-45
[5] M.R.Barnett: Journal of light metals, 1 (2001), p167-177
Gutman: Materials Science and Engineering A344 (2002) 279-287
Hatta: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 80-81 (1998), p 513-516)
[9] Koichi Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Toshiji Mukai: Materials Letters, 59 (2005), p1511-1515.

Preparation and Properties of a New Polymer-modified Cement Mortar Containing Iron Tailings Sand Liguang XIAO 1,a, Gang LIU 1,b, Shuo FENG 1,c, Shiting ZHANG 1,d 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun,130118,China axlg627@163.com, b841299833@qq.com, c874919997@qq.com, dting0923@yahoo.cn Keywords: Iron tailings; Polymer-modified Cement Mortar; Mechanism; Performance Abstract.
Raw Materials and Properties (1) Iron ore tailings powder: Iron ore tailings powder (particle size < 0.6 mm, supplied by JiLin Tong Gang of China) is used to replace the fine quartz sand for preparing polymer modified cement mortar in external thermal insulation system.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Foundation (20120419)，National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(No. 2011BAJ05B03).
References [1] Pradi P, Benefieiation of alumina-rieh Indian iron or eslimes, Journal of Metals Materials and Proeesses. 6(1995)179-194
[4] Xiao Liguang, The application of redispersible polymer powder in cement mortar, Journal of concrete. 4(2003)60-63

Experimental study of cutting parameter for drilling on fabric carbon/epoxy composite laminates Nor Farah Huda Abd HALIM1, a, AFZERI2,b and Yulfian AMINANDA3,c 1,2Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering IIUM Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 3Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering IIUM Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Contact author: bafzeri@iium.edu.my Keywords: driiling CFRP,laminate,delamination,orientation ABSTRACT This study is mainly about the drilling of carbon-epoxy laminates.
Shyha et al, Effect of laminate configuration and feed rate on cutting performance when drilling holes in carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites ;Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210 (2010) 1023–1034 [4] C.C Tsao, H.
Effect of tool wear on delamination in drilling composites material; International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 49 (2007) [5] W.C Chen, Some experimental investigations on drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastis (CFRP) composites laminates, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 37(8)(1997) [6] H.
Hocheng, CC TSao,Comprehensive analysis of delamination in drilling of composites material with various drill bits, Journal of Material Processing Technology 140 (2003) [7] R.Piquet, B.
Ferret, F.Lachaud, P.Swider, Experimental analysis of drilling damage in thin/carbon/epoxy plates using specials drill, Composites(Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing) (2000)

The substrate material is K9 glass which is an optical glass in common use.
Measurement Science and Technology, 17 (2006), p.1052 [5] L.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 14 (2004), p.833 [6] Y.
Journal of Hebei University of Technology, 28(2005), p.1260 (in Chinese) [8] Y.
Journal of Shanxi University of Science and Technology(National Science Edition), 22(2004), p.1

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the National Science of the Republic of China for the support of this research under NSC 102-2218-E-150-001.
Yan:Journal of CSME Vol. 14 (1993), No.3, p.240 [7] L.C.
Hsieh: Journal of AMR Vol.4 (1997), No.1, p.7 [9] L.C.
Chen: Materials Science ForumVol. 505-507 (2006), p. 1003 [13] L.C.
Wang: International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education Vol.36(2008), No.1, p.16 [15] Long-Chang Hsieh,Tzu-Hsia Chen: Journal of AMR Vol.317-319 (2011), p.2226 [16] Long-Chang Hsieh,Tzu-Hsia Chen: Journal of Advanced Science Letters Vol. 12 (2012), p. 34 [17] Long-Chang Hsieh,Tzu-Hsia Chen: Journal of AMRVol.591-593 (2012), p.2165 [18] Long-Chang Hsieh, Hsiu-Chen Tang: Journal of AMM Vol. 232 (2012), p. 955 [19] Long-Chang Hsieh and Hsiu-Chen Tang, Journal of AMM, Vol. 284-287 (2013), p 979

There are solid-liquid, solid-solid, solid-gas, liquid-gas phase-changing materials according to their phase-changing forms[3].
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications.
A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications.
Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1996 [4] Salyer I O.
Investigation of contact melting of phase change materials [J].