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Online since: March 2019
Authors: Birgit Awiszus, Bernd Maier, Markus Klingler, Sabine Böhm
Material and Data.
The hardening curve AlMg0.7Si-2 was only used for the comparison of different material data.
Sometimes the value of undercut increases through changes in the process parameters but there are also a lot of process parameter changes which are responsible for a quality reduction and it has to be guaranteed that this reduction is not so low that the joint fails in the product.
The hardening curve AlMg0.7Si-2 was only used for the comparison of different material data.
Sometimes the value of undercut increases through changes in the process parameters but there are also a lot of process parameter changes which are responsible for a quality reduction and it has to be guaranteed that this reduction is not so low that the joint fails in the product.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Lena Zentner, Mirna Issa, Nenad D. Pavlovic, Dalibor Petkovic
To overcome the limited success of the early designs (mainly due to the cost of the control architecture needed for complex mechanical systems with often more than ten actuators plus many sensors) a special emphasis has been placed on the reduction of the number of degrees of freedom, thereby decreasing the number of actuators.
They are small, light and simple and lead to a reduction of the number of actuators, which is the main advantage of underactuation.
The analyses of these data (Fig. 5) show that the small sensor has maximal stress and maximal strain energy.
References [1] Carrozza M.C, Suppo C, Sebastiani F, Massa B, Vecchi F, Lazzarini R, Cutkosky M.R, Dario P, The SPRING Hand: Development of a Self-Adaptive Prosthesis for Restoring Natural Grasping, Autonomous Robots 16, 2004, 125-141 [2] Montambault S, Gosselin C.M, Analysis of Underactuated Mechanical Grippers, Journal of Mechanical Design 123, 2001, 367-345 [3] Fukaya N, Toyama S, Asfour T, Dillmann R, Montambault S, Gosselin C.M, Design of the TUAT/Karlsruhe humanoid hand, 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2000, 1754-1759 [4] Birglen L, The kinematic preshaping of triggered self-adaptive linkage-driven robotic Fingers, Mechanical Science 2, 2011, 41-49 [5] Daniel A, Barrett H, Vincent D, Mark R.C, Varying spring preloads to select grasp strategies in an adaptive hand, IEEE IROS 2011, San Francisco, Sept. 2011, 1-6 [6] Ciocarlie M, Allen P, Data-driven optimization for underactuated robotic hands, 2010 IEEE International Conference on
They are small, light and simple and lead to a reduction of the number of actuators, which is the main advantage of underactuation.
The analyses of these data (Fig. 5) show that the small sensor has maximal stress and maximal strain energy.
References [1] Carrozza M.C, Suppo C, Sebastiani F, Massa B, Vecchi F, Lazzarini R, Cutkosky M.R, Dario P, The SPRING Hand: Development of a Self-Adaptive Prosthesis for Restoring Natural Grasping, Autonomous Robots 16, 2004, 125-141 [2] Montambault S, Gosselin C.M, Analysis of Underactuated Mechanical Grippers, Journal of Mechanical Design 123, 2001, 367-345 [3] Fukaya N, Toyama S, Asfour T, Dillmann R, Montambault S, Gosselin C.M, Design of the TUAT/Karlsruhe humanoid hand, 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2000, 1754-1759 [4] Birglen L, The kinematic preshaping of triggered self-adaptive linkage-driven robotic Fingers, Mechanical Science 2, 2011, 41-49 [5] Daniel A, Barrett H, Vincent D, Mark R.C, Varying spring preloads to select grasp strategies in an adaptive hand, IEEE IROS 2011, San Francisco, Sept. 2011, 1-6 [6] Ciocarlie M, Allen P, Data-driven optimization for underactuated robotic hands, 2010 IEEE International Conference on
Online since: September 2010
Authors: Georgina Szirmai, József Tóth, Tamas I. Török, Norbert Hegman
In the course of this process, the aluminium samples are dipped in a pre-treating solution containing
nickel salt and hydrogen-fluoride where nickel film is formed on the surface in the course of
contact-reduction reaction.
The primary aim of this method is to develop such an adsorbed hypophosphite layer on the aluminium substrate surface which can help the deposition of Ni-P layer in the starting phase of chemical reduction deposition.
The left part of Table 2 shows XPS data of the aluminium substrates determined in order to study the surface conditions of the original (untreated) AlMg2 alloy samples before and after Ar+ ion bombardment (2 keV Ar + ions, ion current density 15-20 µA/cm2).
The chemical states of surface elements of the untreated (bare AlMg2) and pre-treated AlMg2 samples with and without water rinsing O 1s 532.3 O 1s 532.6 O 1s 532.5 O 1s 533.4 C 1s 289.8 Al 2p oxide 75.8 C 1s 287.7 C 1s 289.0 Al 2p oxide 76.0 Al 2p metal 72.9 C 1s 285.8 C 1s 286.4 Al 2p metal 72.9 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2s 191.6 P 2s 192.6 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2p 134.5 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Na 2s 64.3 pre-treated with rinsed Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) untreated sample (before Ar+) untreated sample(after Ar+) Chemical components Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) pre-treated without rinsed Chemical components (In the course of the evaluation of the XPS data the presented binding energy values were calibrated based on the binding energies of Al 2p 72.9 eV (metal) and 75.9 eV (oxide)).
The primary aim of this method is to develop such an adsorbed hypophosphite layer on the aluminium substrate surface which can help the deposition of Ni-P layer in the starting phase of chemical reduction deposition.
The left part of Table 2 shows XPS data of the aluminium substrates determined in order to study the surface conditions of the original (untreated) AlMg2 alloy samples before and after Ar+ ion bombardment (2 keV Ar + ions, ion current density 15-20 µA/cm2).
The chemical states of surface elements of the untreated (bare AlMg2) and pre-treated AlMg2 samples with and without water rinsing O 1s 532.3 O 1s 532.6 O 1s 532.5 O 1s 533.4 C 1s 289.8 Al 2p oxide 75.8 C 1s 287.7 C 1s 289.0 Al 2p oxide 76.0 Al 2p metal 72.9 C 1s 285.8 C 1s 286.4 Al 2p metal 72.9 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2s 191.6 P 2s 192.6 Mg 2p 51.9 P 2p 134.5 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Al 2p oxide 75.9 Na 2s 64.3 pre-treated with rinsed Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) untreated sample (before Ar+) untreated sample(after Ar+) Chemical components Chemical components Ebinding (eV) Ebinding (eV) pre-treated without rinsed Chemical components (In the course of the evaluation of the XPS data the presented binding energy values were calibrated based on the binding energies of Al 2p 72.9 eV (metal) and 75.9 eV (oxide)).
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Christof Sommitsch, Coline Beal, Katharina Steineder, Martina Dikovits, Daniel Krizan, Reinhold Schneider
Introduction
Rising demand on passenger safety and strict regulations on CO2-emission reductions put pressure on the automotive industry to further develop their vehicle platforms.
Especially the reduction of weight and an enhanced crash behavior has gained large interest.
The data was further processed by smoothing the measurements with a moving average filter and conduct a temperature correction using Eq. 2 described in detail in [5] to obtain isothermal flow curves.
The isolines are obtained from extrapolation of experimental data conducted at 20 different parameter sets.
Especially the reduction of weight and an enhanced crash behavior has gained large interest.
The data was further processed by smoothing the measurements with a moving average filter and conduct a temperature correction using Eq. 2 described in detail in [5] to obtain isothermal flow curves.
The isolines are obtained from extrapolation of experimental data conducted at 20 different parameter sets.
Online since: June 2017
Authors: M. Hasnain Isa, Khairun Azizi Azizli, Asna Mohd Zain, Zahid M. Zazarin
Triplicate samples were used for reproducibility of the data [15] based on standard solutions of 3 to 10 ppm.
The data was analyzed by Surfer 10.2.601 Golden Software, Inc. for the multiple regression coefficients of the dependent parameter UCS with independent parameters.
The develop isostrength map shows that the optimum strength achieved by 0.35 WC with 19 % reduction compared to Portland cement alone.
The oil & grease in the immobilized sludge with 5 to 20 wt. % zeolites are illustrated in Fig. 8 with the highest capacity found in 10 wt. % zeolites at 90 % reduction with 3.67 ppm, lower than Malaysian wastewater standard of 10 mg/L or 5.0 mg/L U.S.
The data was analyzed by Surfer 10.2.601 Golden Software, Inc. for the multiple regression coefficients of the dependent parameter UCS with independent parameters.
The develop isostrength map shows that the optimum strength achieved by 0.35 WC with 19 % reduction compared to Portland cement alone.
The oil & grease in the immobilized sludge with 5 to 20 wt. % zeolites are illustrated in Fig. 8 with the highest capacity found in 10 wt. % zeolites at 90 % reduction with 3.67 ppm, lower than Malaysian wastewater standard of 10 mg/L or 5.0 mg/L U.S.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Wen Yi Dong, Zi Jun Dong, Feng Ouyang, Yang Dong
Evidence has been noted of tumor induction in rodent studies but
corresponding human toxicity data of bromate has been limited to acute accidental poisoning cases,
where symptoms may include severe gastrointestinal irritation, depression of the central nervous
system, and renal failure [3].
Compromising between bromate reduction by KMnO4and the residual manganese concentration, it is suggested the optimal KMnO4 dosage to be 1mg/L.
In KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation, 31 % and 9 % of bromate reduction were achieved when humic acid concentration was 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively.
Potassium Bromate (Summary of Data Report-ed and Evaluation).
Compromising between bromate reduction by KMnO4and the residual manganese concentration, it is suggested the optimal KMnO4 dosage to be 1mg/L.
In KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation, 31 % and 9 % of bromate reduction were achieved when humic acid concentration was 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively.
Potassium Bromate (Summary of Data Report-ed and Evaluation).
Online since: July 2010
Authors: Olivier Pantalé, Sébastien Mistou, Christian Garnier
Moreover, they found that the
component in compression of a loading in traction/compression must be important to show its effect
on the life reduction after impact.
All the data which can change or variable during the manufacturing can be integrated on the design of experiments.
Transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in cross-ply laminates of different matrix toughness.
NDT data fusion at pixel level.
All the data which can change or variable during the manufacturing can be integrated on the design of experiments.
Transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in cross-ply laminates of different matrix toughness.
NDT data fusion at pixel level.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Lei Cao, Xue Nan Mu
the negative impact on coastal reclamation in Bay Wetland Environment mainly show in the natural landscape fragmentation or reduce, biological habitat destruction or reduce, biomass or reduction in the number of species, morphology change, tidal volume and flow field changes, the final environmental effect will cause the Gulf ecosystem, productivity decline (Figure 1)..
Zhang Huaguo[6] analysis and silting in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Reclamation using remote sensing data, found that since 1986, more than 1 km2 reclamation of a large area mainly occurred in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay, the cumulative reclamation area has reached 124.3 km2, is the most concentrated area of the coast line of Hangzhou Bay reclamation; evolution never stops, mainly by artificial reclamation and aquaculture caused by inning and silting.
Guo Wei and Zhu Dakui [1] analysis of Shenzhen environment and land reclamation , to 2000, Shenzhen reclamation area has reached 2680 Hm2, the negative impact to the marine environment is mainly manifested in: the West Coast Beach groove has evolved dramatically, not for the future operating environment for enhancing the stability, the West Port Area threat; tidal volume rapidly reduced, after 20 years of reclamation, the Lingding coast west tidal volume decreased 20% ~ 30%, the Shenzhen Bay tidal volume decreased 15.6%, tidal volume reduction of the flow velocity is reduced, to change, even more detrimental to the dilution and diffusion of pollutants; coastal water pollution, the west coast of Shenzhen city water generally not up to the standard of 3 types of water; the decline of carrying capacity of coastal ecological, only 1988~2000 years along the coast of the Shenzhen Bay reclamation area occupied mangrove reserve reaches 147 Hm2, accounted for the entire area of 48.8%, so that the
It include identifications temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Land Sea around the harbour area, information interpretation of regional remote sensing data, analysis of typical Bay Wetland Land / sea wetlands using extended feature and spatial differentiation
Zhang Huaguo[6] analysis and silting in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Reclamation using remote sensing data, found that since 1986, more than 1 km2 reclamation of a large area mainly occurred in the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay, the cumulative reclamation area has reached 124.3 km2, is the most concentrated area of the coast line of Hangzhou Bay reclamation; evolution never stops, mainly by artificial reclamation and aquaculture caused by inning and silting.
Guo Wei and Zhu Dakui [1] analysis of Shenzhen environment and land reclamation , to 2000, Shenzhen reclamation area has reached 2680 Hm2, the negative impact to the marine environment is mainly manifested in: the West Coast Beach groove has evolved dramatically, not for the future operating environment for enhancing the stability, the West Port Area threat; tidal volume rapidly reduced, after 20 years of reclamation, the Lingding coast west tidal volume decreased 20% ~ 30%, the Shenzhen Bay tidal volume decreased 15.6%, tidal volume reduction of the flow velocity is reduced, to change, even more detrimental to the dilution and diffusion of pollutants; coastal water pollution, the west coast of Shenzhen city water generally not up to the standard of 3 types of water; the decline of carrying capacity of coastal ecological, only 1988~2000 years along the coast of the Shenzhen Bay reclamation area occupied mangrove reserve reaches 147 Hm2, accounted for the entire area of 48.8%, so that the
It include identifications temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Land Sea around the harbour area, information interpretation of regional remote sensing data, analysis of typical Bay Wetland Land / sea wetlands using extended feature and spatial differentiation
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Jana Bidulská, Tibor Kvačkaj
Measurement data were treated by the MATLAB software.
To describe the diameter of AGS, experimental data were treated by numerical statistical methods and following regression equations were derived: - for C-Mn steel: (1) - for C-Mn-Nb-V steel: (2) The phase transformation from recrystallized austenite processed by NCR to ferrite with consideration of cooling rate can be described by a regression equation: (3) Graphical dependence is given in Fig. 2.
Reduction of area as a significant parameter of plasticity was being reduced with the strength increasing and there was stabilized in the 5th pass.
Strength properties and reduction of area of samples processed by seven ECAR passes are suggested to form the UFG elongated structure with an average subgrain diameter dsg = 700 nm and an effective strain φ ≥ 10 [20].
To describe the diameter of AGS, experimental data were treated by numerical statistical methods and following regression equations were derived: - for C-Mn steel: (1) - for C-Mn-Nb-V steel: (2) The phase transformation from recrystallized austenite processed by NCR to ferrite with consideration of cooling rate can be described by a regression equation: (3) Graphical dependence is given in Fig. 2.
Reduction of area as a significant parameter of plasticity was being reduced with the strength increasing and there was stabilized in the 5th pass.
Strength properties and reduction of area of samples processed by seven ECAR passes are suggested to form the UFG elongated structure with an average subgrain diameter dsg = 700 nm and an effective strain φ ≥ 10 [20].
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Hua Wang, Li Yang, Yong Gang Wei, Jian Hang Hu
Optimization Study of Pyrolysis Process for Bamboo Waste by Orthogonal Experiment
Li Yang1, a, Yonggang Wei1, b, Hua Wang1, c and Jianhang Hu1, d
1Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P.
These results expand the comprehensive utilization range of biomass, as well as provide basic data with use of bamboo waste.
A B A×B C A×C B×C Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Experimental data processing This test belongs to multi-factor index orthogonal test, need do 18 experiments according orthogonal experiment scheme, fill experimental indexes in the last two columns of table 4, and then get the table of test result of the orthogonal experiments.
TG curve has a smaller decline, roughly 2% reduction.
These results expand the comprehensive utilization range of biomass, as well as provide basic data with use of bamboo waste.
A B A×B C A×C B×C Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Experimental data processing This test belongs to multi-factor index orthogonal test, need do 18 experiments according orthogonal experiment scheme, fill experimental indexes in the last two columns of table 4, and then get the table of test result of the orthogonal experiments.
TG curve has a smaller decline, roughly 2% reduction.