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An high-efficient method for synthesizing N,N’-dialkyl-imidazolium salts Jie Hu, Yuansuo Zheng* Department of Applied Chemistry, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China, 710049 hujie0107@qq.com, yszheng@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Ionic liquid; Green chemistry; N,N’-dialkyl-imidazolium Abstract.
Among all the ILs reported, the cation types structured most of important and attractive ILs [4].
As the extension of Debus-Radziszewski reaction, the method could give N,N’-dialkyl-imidazolium salts with the symmetrical or asymmetric structures [23].
As green chemistry idea increasingly thorough popular feeling, the method with pungent smell would be eliminated.
Fig. 2: The structures of products.

The mechanism and conditions of meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine (TPPS4) molecular aggregate formation and their geometrical structure are investigated by methods of molecular mechanics and quantum chemistry.
Results and Discussion TPPS4 molecule was theoretically studied in [5] by means of quantum chemistry ab initio methods.
Several proposed structures of TPPS4 Jaggregates.
Cook: Handbook of Computational Quantum Chemistry (Oxford University Press, New York, 1998)
Ostlund: Modern Quantum Chemistry: Introduction to Advanced Electronic Structure Theory (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1989)

X-ray crystal structure determination.
X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Wang : Transition Metal Chemistry,30(2005) : 879
Li: Applied Chemistry, 20 (2003): 365.
Huang: Chemistry, 6 (1999): 44.

A physical chemistry model involving three-fold of shields suitable for the disposal area is proposed with integrated consideration of the results from efficacy and endurance experiments on the natural shield.
Research on Physical Chemical Structure Model of Geochemical Engineering Shield Against U and Sr in the Disposal Area For disposal site of radioactive waste, the main destruction considered is leaching and migration caused by precipitation percolation.
Therefore, the physical chemical structure model of the adsorption-based geochemical engineering shield at the disposal site can be illustrated in Figure 1.
Physical chemical structure model of the geochemical engineering shield at the disposal site.
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2013

Research on Tribological Surface Chemistry of PTFE Composite P.
Huang 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China email: hct0918@wh.hb.cn 2 School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China Keywords: PTFE, Composite, Abrasion, Surface chemistry Abstract.
Positive research was performed on structure and materials of the bearing, selection of solid lubricants and inlaid mode.
However, studies on selection and optimization of composite materials, designation, technology and tribological surface chemistry of the above solid lubricants were evidently insufficient.

The use of various H2O2 based chemistries for TiW etch was studied on single wafer and wet bench tools.
For these applications, copper ECD (CuECD) structures are firstly growth, then the copper seed (CuSeed) and TiW layers can be wet etched, usually using a diluted sulfuric peroxide mixture (dSPM) for the CuSeed etch and H2O2 based chemistries for the TiW etch.
The CuSeed layer was etched with a dSPM chemistry, while TiW was etched using various chemistries: H2O2 30%, a mixture of H2O2 and NH4OH (also called SC1) and H2O2 15%.
All these chemistries were fresh and sent to drain.
For H2O2, the explanation of the decreased etch rate close to the Cu three-dimensional structures could not be simply related to the more critical aspect ratio, since the TiW residue is not only present between the RDL structures, but also on the side where no other structures are present.

The chemistry was discussed based on the principles and experiments.
Oilfield Chemistry, 2010, 27.
Oilfield Chemistry, 2003, 20. in Chinese
The journal of China Chemistry, 2006-08-01.
Oilfield Chemistry, 1998, 15, 82-86.

Wenxiang Hu1, a *Zhenxin Zhao2 Ming Liu1, b 1Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467044, PR China.
It is of great significance from the view of physic, chemistry and philosophy.
Equation is: E = mc2 (1-α2Z2)1/2 in the equation, αis fine structure constant.
Synergetic Combinatorial Chemistry, Science Press (2003)
Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1976

Stress-Chemistry Mechanism of Mortars Made with Steel Slag Sand Yunxia Lun1 ,a, Shaoshun Liu 2,b, Mingkai Zhou 3,c,Xiaofan Liu1,d 1 School of civil engineering, Wuhan polytechnic university, China 2 Management department of guixing expressway, China gezhouba group Company, Limited, China 3School of material science and engineering, Wuhan university of technology, China alunyunxia@163.com, bliushaoshun2008@163.com, czhoumingkai@163.com, dhnsfine@163.com Keywords: Stress Concentration; Volume Instability; Expansion Component; Enrichment; Uneven Distribution Abstract: A stress-chemistry method was used to investigate the expansion behavior of mortars made with steel slag sand(SSM).
This study investigated the characteristics of crack of SSM ,analyzed the mineral components of versicolor steel slag aggregate, expounded the mechanism from the view of stress-chemistry, and built the model of SSM according to the characteristics of crack and types of versicolor particles.
One reason was 001 crystal face of CH had smooth surface which made the interlace with other hydrate difficult, and another reason was sheet or plate-like structure had lots of inter-space and other hydrate hardly diffused into the structure [16,17].
As to different structure and hydration activity of versicolor particles, three models were built.

China 2College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R.
China 3State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R.
The crystal data and structure refinement is shown in Table 1.
ZR2010BL025), Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No. sklssm201323)(Jilin University) and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (No. 2011-13)(Jilin University) References [1] O.
Pavlovskii, Journal of Structural Chemistry, 48, 698(2007).