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For the assessment, the sum of the openings along the glue line and at the end grain developed during the tests has to be taken in relation to the total glue line length at the end grain of the specimen.
Table 1: Test program for delamination and shear tests Series Test method Standard Shape Sizes [mm] Number Material Adhesive 01 Delamination EN 391-A Block b/h/l = 160/320/75 51 GL28k-spruce PUR 02 Delamination EN 391-A Block b/h/l = 160/160/75 42 GL24k-spruce MUF 03 Delamination EN 391-A Core Ø 35, l = 80 17 GL28k-spruce PUR 04 Delamination EN 391-A Core Ø 35, l = 80 14 GL24k-spruce MUF 05 Shear test EN 392 Core Ø 35, l = 80 51 GL28k-spruce PUR 06 Shear test EN 392 Core Ø 35, l = 80 42 GL24k-spruce MUF 07 Shear test EN 392 Core Ø 35, l = 80 9 GL24h-spruce RF 08 Shear test EN 408 Block b/h/l = 32/55/300 9 GL24h-spruce RF 09 Shear test - Block b/h/l = 160/200/200 17 GL28k-spruce PUR 10 Shear test - Block b/h/l = 160/200/200 14 GL24k-spruce MUF 11 Shear test - Beam b/h/l = 160/320/1350 17 GL28k-spruce PUR 12 Shear test - Beam b/h/l = 160/160/800 14 GL24k-spruce MUF 13 Shear test - Beam b/h/l = 80/120/650 9 GL24h-spruce RF Experimental results Delamination tests according to EN 391

And the affecting factors of the synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl maleimide were studied, such as mole number ratio of reactants, catalyst amount and aminate temperature.
We had reacted at 90℃, 100℃, 110℃ and 120℃; the production had many blackness grains which could dissolve the most of organic solvents and acid, alkali solution.
The blackness grain could be amine which been oxidated become diazotized or azotized compounds.

Basically, these methods describe surface grinding and cylindrical grinding processes using two-dimensional model grains, by calculating the roughness, or the topological cross section, of a workpiece and the chip thickness [11-13].
Base on a large number of grinding experimental data, Liang Shi set up the computer simulation model of cylindrical plunge grinding and realized the simulation analysis and prediction [38].
Vol. 11 (2011), p. 169 (In Chinese) [33] Yanlan: Research on Grinding Mechanism of Hardened Cold-work Die Steel Based on Single Grain Cutting (Doctor Degree, Hunan University, China 2010), p. 15 (In Chinese) [34] S.

In the final rupture region, the fracture surface mainly appears as a typical semi-brittle fracture mode, and some dimples, plastic micro-voids, and plastic deformations at grain boundary as well, can be observed on the fatigue fracture surface, as shown in Fig. 6(e) and Fig. 6(f).
Furthermore, the size and number of dimples decrease with increasing applied stress range, which suggests that the fracture mode in the final rupture region transforms from ductile fracture mode to semi-brittle fracture mode.
Low cycle fatigue behaviors and microstructures of Ti-2Al-2.5Zr with fine grain at RT and 77K.

Of special interest among the by-products of grain-crops in Russia is rice husk (RH).
While processing rice grain into rice grits, rice husk as the by-product amounts up to 20%, i.e. tens of thousands of tons annually, taking into account that rice is one of the major food products in the world and ranks number 2 in the world after wheat in crops [4].

Table 2: Strength characteristics of reinforced interlining and their unmodified analogues Interlining type Breaking load*, N/cm Elongation at rupture*, % Length wise Grain cross Length wise Grain cross FI art.
Table 4: The characterization of reinforced interlining line “PArMa” Groups of garments Number of articles “PArMa” Modification according to the type of a used textile liner web Interlining qualities Flexural rigidity (EI), 10 -3 N×cm2 ∆ EI, 10 -3 N×cm2 Elasticity, % Coat-suit 20 – 25 KN, KM, KS, NWM, NWS* 2,75 – 16,4 0,68 75 – 95 Corsetry cloth 15 – 20 KN, KM, NWM 16,41 – 41,2 1,3 80 – 100 Technological (furniture, notions, shoes) 18 – 22 KM, KS, NWM, NWS 41,2 – 110,0 3,1 50 – 100 *KN, KM, KS is a knitted textile liner web of natural, manufactured or synthetic fibers; NWM, NWS is an non-woven textile liner web of manufactured or synthetic fibers.

Which solute atoms can diffuse to the alloy surface through the grain boundary reaction with the oxygen has an important effect on the composition of the oxide film.
The vacancy and grain boundary in the oxide film provide a short-range material diffusion channel, in which Fe2+ and Ni2+ are diffused outward and oxygen is diffused inward.
After the formation of spinel oxide, it hinders the continuous diffusion of oxygen, limits the movement of some defects (such as vacancies) in the oxide film, reduces the number of defects in the oxide film, and improves the protection of the oxide film.

Modes of heat treatment of experimental samples Mode number Mode of heat treatment Hardening, 20 [min] Aging 1 750°C - 2 750°C 450°C, 3 [h] 3 750°C 500°C, 3 [h] 4 850°C - 5 850°C 450°C, 3.5 [h] 6 850°C 500°C, 3.5 [h] 7 930°C - 8 930°C 450°C, 3.5 [h] 9 930°C 500°C, 8 [h] Cold treatment was also carried out to further improve effect of the hardening heat treatment.
The hardening phase can also be located at grain boundaries (Fig. 5).
Accumulation of Ni2Si particles at the grain boundary.

As have been reported in the literature for similar FSW processes [9,14], the microstructure of the central portion of the joints, SZ, has been dynamically recrystallized and present a fine-grained, equiaxed microstructure, Fig. 3(c).
Adjacent to the SZ, a thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was formed on both welding sides (AS and RS) and highly deformed grains resulting from the material flow were observed, Fig. 3(d).
As the RSp increase, the number of revolution per millimeter carried out by the tool increase (higher weld pitch), and these marks systematically tend to come near to each other.

Sample Rm (MPa) Rt0.5 (MPa) Yield to strength ratio A （%） Number Width × Gauge length (mm) 6 o'clock position 180 ° from weld Transverse direction of pipe body 38×50 458 351 0.77 35.0 6 o'clock position 180 ° from weld Transverse direction of pipe body 38×50 434 352 0.81 42.5 GB/T 9711-2017 standard Pipe body ≥415 ≥245 / ≥26 Table 3 Result of charpy impact test.
MEF3A metallographic microscope, MEF4M metallographic microscope and image analysis system were used, according to GB/T 13298-2015" Inspection methods of microstructure for metals ", GB/T 6394-2017" Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal ", and GB/T 10561-2005 "steel- Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusion-Micrographic method using standards diagrams ", the pipe body structure and non-metallic inclusions far away from the corrosion pit area were analyzed.
The results show that the microstructure of the tube is composed of ferrite (f) and pearlite (P), and the average grain size is 10.5 grade.