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Heniegal3,c, El-Alfy Kassem Salah4,d, Hassan Hamouda Hassan1,e 1Civil and Architectural Constructions Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, P.O.
Wang et al. [11] introduced a PCM wall system suitable for both winter and summer conditions, achieving a reduction in heating load by 10.0%-30.0% during winter.
Xie et al. [12] explored using Na2HPO4-12H2O composite PCM in radiant floor heating systems, resulting in an average range temperature further of 3.1°C.
The binder used was Portland cement (CEM I 42.5N) (C) from EL-Suez Cement Company, Egypt.
This follows the methodology described in prior studies (Heniegal et al. 2021[7]).

The studied alloys of Al-7Si-0.6Mg were prepared by melting pure Al, pure Mg, Al-24%Si, and Al-10%Sr master alloys in an electrical resistance furnace (all compositions are in wt.% unless otherwise noted).
Thus, the formation of coarse spherical-like grains for the α-Al phase was explained.
Fig. 6 Typical stress-strain curves for different casting processes Table 2 The tensile test results of the studied alloys in as-cast state Casting Process YS/MPa UTS/MPa EL/% HPDC 148±3 275±4 5.8±1.3 SSM 140±3 254±3 7.5±1.2 Microhardness and Electrical Conductivity.
The average grain size of primary α-Al phase for HPDC alloy is more refined.
Du, Effect of Sr modification on microstructure and thermal conductivity of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys, Trans.

Professor Daizhong Su, Nottingham Trent University, UK Professor Qingbin Zhang, Harbin Engineering University, China Professor Shifan Zhu, Harbin Engineering University, China Review Panel Members: Amin Al-Habaibeh (UK) Anping Xu (China) Anton Ianakiev (UK) Baoyu Song (China) Bing Li (China) Chang Jiang Wang (UK) Craig Chapman (UK) Daizhong Su (UK) Daping Wan (China) David Ashworth (Denmark) Dein Shaw (Taiwan) Diane J Mynors (UK) Dominique Millet (France) Doru Talaba (Romania) Erhan ilhan Konukseven (Turkey) Frank Schäfer (Germany) George Dobre (Romania) Han van Loon (Switzerland) Hans-Ulrich Heidbrink (Germany) Harri Eskelinen (Finland) Hassan Abdalla (UAE) Hongbing Fang (USA) James Chen (Taiwan) Ian Solomonides (Australia) Jiachen Hou (UK) Jihong Yan (China) John Redgate (UK) Jose Casamayor (UK) Joze Balic (Slovenian) Jun Ji (USA) Kuan Yew Wong (Malaysia) Kurt Marti (Germany) Leslie Henshall
(UK) Lihua Dong (China) Liangsheng Wang (USA) Marc Zolghadri (France) Mona El Batanoun (India) Masoud Rais-Rohani (USA) Matthias L.

Benloulo [1] et al. proposed a simple one-dimensional analytical model to evaluate residual velocity, residual mass, projectile velocity and the deflection or the strain histories of the backup material.
Later, Naik [2] et al. developed an energy based dynamic analytical model for ballistic impact of ceramic-composite armor and found out that the residual velocity was in agreement with that of experimental results.
Energy lost by the impactor during impact is El=KEi-KEf (1) Where, KEf is kinetic energy of the impactor after impact and KEi is kinetic energy of the impactor before impact.
Fig. 2 Experimental set-up for impact loading El=ESiC+Efoam+EGFRP (2) Where, ESiC, energy absorbed by SiC layer, Efoam, energy absorbed by PU foam layer and EGFRP is energy absorbed by the GFRP laminate.
[7] Florence AL (1969) Interaction of projectiles and composite armor, Part II.

Introduction In real life valuable objects such as museum artworks,computers,industrial equipments and so on are in free-standing status.Under earthquakes many of them are easy to be damaged because of large amplitude of oscillation.For example,there occurred an earthquake of 6.1 magnitude in San Francisco,USA on Feb 9,1971,which caused many industrial equipments damaged [1].Another example is the 8.0 magnitude earthquake in wenchuan district in China on May 12,2008,which had caused at least 3169 movable cultural relics in 216 collection units damaged and led to huge loss of value [2-3].Fig.1 shows movable cultural relics overturned from stands and got damaged during wenchuan earthquake.Thus it is necessary to study oscillation response of free-standing object under earthquakes.In previous works, theoretical methods were mainly considered.For example,domestic scholars such as Huang et al. [4] deduced oscillation equations of free-standing objects, Zhang and Tang [5] studied initial conditions
for oscillation response of free-standing objects,Guo et al. [6] discussed influence parameters for oscillation response of free-standing objects;oversea scholars such as Spanos and Koh [7],Harry and Nicholas [8-9], Dimentberg et al. [10] also studied oscillation response of free-standing objects under earthquakes based on theoretical analysis.
(a) main system (b) main subsystem (c) main 1 subsystem (d) main 2 subsystem (e) main 3 subsystem (f) main 4 subsystem Fig.3 SIMULINK model Simulation Analysis Considering El-centro earthquake waves in Fig.4 are applied to a free-standing object,by SIMULINK methods in Fig.3 simulation model of the object is built to study its oscillation response.Sizes of the rectangular object are:H=0.35m, B=0.1m;friction coefficient between the object and its base is: μ=0.5;peak values of the earthquakes in level and vertical directions are: [11],where g is gravity acceleration value, 1g=9.81(m∙s-2).
(a) level direction (b) vertical direction Fig.4 EL-centro waves Based on simulation results,oscillation response curves of the object are obtained,as shown in Fig.5.It is found that under earthquakes its initial oscillation time is t=2.12s,its maximum oscillation amplitude is θ=0.16rad (clockwise direction),its maximum angular velocity is ω=2.38(rad·s-1).The object oscillates based on balance location and keeps stable vibration status.After several times of collision with the base, θ of the object increases,but it does not overturn.

As an essential series of the third generation Al-Li alloys, Al-Cu-Li alloys have achieved significant commercial applications owing to their superior comprehensive performance compared to conventional Al alloys [4].
El-Aty, Y.
Xiaodong, et al, Homogenization Treatment Parameter Optimization and Microstructural Evolution of Al-Cu-Li Alloy, Rare Met.
Li, et al, Microstructural evolution of Mg, Ag and Zn micro-alloyed Al-Cu-Li alloy during homogenization, Trans.
Zhao, et al, Microstructure evolution of spray deposited and as-cast 2195 Al-Li alloys during homogenization, J.

The aluminum hydrolysis reaction in water is generally described as follows [7]: Al+3H2O→Al(OH)3+1.5 H2 (1) or Al+2H2O→AlOOH +1.5 H2 (2) According to the reaction (1) or (2), 1g of Al can produce 1360 cm3 of H2 when completely reacted with water at normal condition (25oC, 1atm).
Experimental Preparation of Al-C-KCl composites.
For the composite without addition of KCl, the obtained hydrogen volume is 1000 cm3 g-1of Al, while the obtained hydrogen volume reaches to 1250 cm3 g-1of Al when 20wt% KCl was added into the Al-C composite.
The obtained hydrogen amount within 6h reaches to 1119 cm3 g-1of Al.
El-Meligi, Hydrogen production by aluminum corrosion in hydrochloric acid and using inhibitors to control hydrogen evolution, Int.

An alternative to copolymerisation isthe addition of functionalised rubber particles.[1, 2]In both cases, crazes form at the surface of the elastic domainsupon stressing thereby increasing the energy required to break the material.
For concrete, KIc is approximately 0.2–1.4MPam.[9] An external force F acting on a sample thereby extending it by dl does the work dW.[8] In the absence of plastic deformation, the work is stored in the sample in the form of a change in elastic energy dU (el).
Thus, for crack propagation the external work must balance the elastic and surface energy according to dW=dU(el)+dΓ . (6) Relating Eq. 6 to the crack growth da and the specimen thickness t affords 1tdWda-dUelda=1tdΓda=2γ (7) with the left side of the equation being called the dissipated energy 𝒢I,i. e. the minimum amount of energy required for the crack to propagate.[8]It should be noted that Eq. 7 holds true only for entirely brittle materials where the surface energy dominates, while for ductile materials the dissipated energy is given by 𝒢I = 2g + Gp, (8) whereGpcovers energy dissipation by plastic deformation and other processes.As a consequence, if plastic deformation in a sample is possible, the minimum energy required for crack propagation is increased by Gp.
Since the elastic energy U (el) is proportional to E −1, decreasing E increases U (el) and with it 𝒢I.

According to the rules in Code for seismic design of buildings (GB50011-2010) [1], the experiment chooses EL-Centro wave (1940, north-south), Taft wave (1952) and Shanghai artificial wave suiting III-IV field.
(a) wave of EL-CENTRO (b) wave of TAFT (c) artificial wave of Shanghai Fig. 6 Acceleration responses in X direction under 8 degree basic seismic.
floor EL-Centro wave TAFT wave artificial wave of Shanghai 6 4.88 6.80 7.87 4 5.91 5.89 8.01 1 30.32 26.32 33.34 Analysis Towards Experiment Results Considering Soil- Structural Interaction [4-5] Dynamic Characteristics of Model.
(a) wave of EL-CENTRO (b) wave of TAFT (c) artificial wave of Shanghai Fig. 10 Peak value of acceleration response under 8 degree basic seismic.
Tu, et al.

Effect of artificial defect and mean shear stress on torsional fatigue behaviour Anouar Nasr1, 2, a, Yves Nadot 3, b, Chokri Bouraoui1, c, Raouf Fathallah4, d 1 Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique, Université de Monastir, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir, Avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. 2 Institut préparatoire aux études d’ingénieurs de Monastir, Avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. 3 Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux, Institut PPRIME, UPR CNRS 3346, ENSMA, Téléport 2, BP 40 109, 86961 Futuroscope Cedex, France. 4 Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sousse, Technopole de Sousse, Route de Ceinture Sahloul, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia.
According to Sines et al. [1] and Findley [2], torsional fatigue strength is reduced when the maximum shear stress (sum of alternating and mean shear stresses) exceeds the material yield stress.
It allows the description of the fatigue life phase before propagation where the microplasticity is active as micro-crack propagation in the sense of Miller. 2a = 60 μm Pearlite Ferrite Pearlite Pearlite Specimen surface (a) (b) Figure 3 : Fatigue crack initiation : a) defect free material, b) defective material [11] The analyse and the discussions of the fatigue initiation mechanisms, is based here on previous tension and torsion fatigue experimental investigations carried out by Billaudeau et al. [8] on the same C35 steel, but leading to adapt HCF criterion for the case of defective material.
To determine the 107 cycles fatigue limits of defective material under torsion loadings, we have used the step method proposed by Billaudeau et al. [8].
[13] El Haddad MH, Topper TH, Smith KN.