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Introduction Some of the major driving forces for the development of Al-Si cast alloys are the superior wear resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, low cost and excellent castability which makes them potential candidate materials for a number of tribological applications in automobiles and another engineering sectors [1-5].
Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al-7Si alloy and its modification with strontium.

From the curve, we can see number of cycles descending fast while loading stress is 608~650MPa.
When it spreads to the middle area, the shear stress was becoming small gradually, and holding function of grain boundary grew obvious, which made fracture relatively rough (as shown in figure 6), it resulted in closing effect which slowed down the crack spreading rate.

Table1 AC-16 Synthetic graduation Sieve pore 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 Upper limites 100 100 92 80 62 48 36 26 18 14 8 Lower limites 100 90 76 60 34 20 13 9 7 5 4 Average value 100 95.0 84.0 70.0 48.0 34.0 24.5 17.5 12.5 9.5 6.0 Synthetic graduation 100 95.5 84.8 71.5 46.6 27.8 20.8 14.9 10.1 7.5 4.8 Mixture ratio 10~20:5~10:3~5:0~3(machine-made sand):0~3(stone chip):mineral powder =32:22:15:13:13:5 Inspection of coarse aggregates CA value: Lin Xiuxian [5] revised the equation of CA value according to the condition of Chinese road design to: CA= (PD/2-P D/4)/ (100-PD/4) (1) In Eq.1, PD/2 refers to passing rate (%) of D/2 (D refers to maximum nominal grain size), P D/4 refers to passing rate (%) of D/4.
Also, the number of times is treated as fatigue life.

There are two components, one at high frequencies, due to intragranular resistivity, and another at low frequencies (grain boundary resistivity) [11].
The numbers stand for the logarithm of the frequency (Hz).

As shown in Fig. 1 we can find that compared with the JCPDS standard card that all peaks coincide with the peaks shown in the PDF number: 32-0493, it is simple phase of LaPO4 and orthorhombic, the space group is P21 / n.
Sintering at 1000℃, the powder had basically formed crystal, and the particles was relatively uniform, grain boundary was relatively clear.

The number of crystallites flowing away from the S' orientation is less than that flowing into the S' orientation from the B' orientation.
The crystallites moving to the C' orientation from the S' orientation counteract the loss of the C'-oriented grains during rolling leading to an increase in the intensity of the C' orientation before 40% rolling reduction.

Variation of Ra e Rz considering the tool condition The randomly behavior of the surface roughness, as can be seen in Figs. 6(a) and 6(b), can be attributed to the great number of input parameters in the machining process.
Elbestawi, Grain Size and Orientation Effects When Microcutting AISI 1045 Steel.

Runner diameter 1.7m,Rated speed 600r/min, Runaway speed 962r/min; Maximum head 238m, Minimum head 220m, Rated head 231m; The number of active stay vanes and guide vanes are 24.Sediment particle diameter is 0.5mm,volume concentration is 5%.
The Basic Equations of Solid-phase Grain.

Material for testing The cement paste is fine grain and homogeneous material [3].
Specimen number Age of material q1 q2 q3 q4 1 4 8.1262∙10-2 -1.0054∙102 9.1978 -3.4482∙10-1 2 4 7.0090∙10-2 -1.116827 1.39287∙10-1 3.8830∙10-2 5 4 -1.3502∙10-1 -1.004849∙102 9.53563 3.1785∙10-1 6 4 -1.70419∙10-1 3.404279 8.7555∙10-2 6.62869∙10-1 1 10 -1.294∙10-3 -3.624∙102 20.094 -9.7565∙10-1 2 10 -1.1861∙10-3 -3.1244∙102 18.055 -8.2269∙10-1 5 10 -9.3783∙10-4 -1.1213∙103 64.75 -3.0668 6 10 -1.7342∙10-4 -1148.3 66.307 -3.1427 The results of experiments correspond with simulation very good, see Fig. 6 to 9.

Table1 The soil indexes of Pingyang mud Basic indicators of soil Composition of grains Average particle size Water content Density Liquid limit Plastic limit Plasticity index Density of soil particles Powder Cosmids Colloidal Wet Dry 0.075~ 0.005 mm 0.005~ 0.002 mm < 0.002 mm ω ρ ρd ωl ωp Ip Gs - - - d50 % g/cm3 g/cm3 % % - - % % % mm 65.0 1.59 0.91 61.2 29.6 31.6 2.75 52.4 22.6 25.0 0.0055 Table 2 The content of major ions of Pingyang seawater PH K+ Na+ Ca²+ Mg²+ HCO3- SO4²- Cl- NO3- Free CO2 Content of insoluble solids mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 7.73 238 6930 243 716 147 1531 11792 18.8 1.85 21616 2.2 Sedimentation test equipment The formulation of mud was done in 1000ml beaker. the mud mixings were done by a electric mixer which can be stepless variable speed, and duration of the mud mixings was 5 minutes with mixing head of two butterfly-shaped. the sedimentation was done in 1000ml graduated cylinder, which has a bottom area
At this paper, the two methods are compared. 2,Main points of mud mixing In the test, the water content of formulated mud is 500%, and the formulation of mud and the number of mixing were used by the following process.