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Conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by coaled carbon-based solid acid Ruiyuan Zheng1, Ning Liu1, Wanyi Liu1, a, Jingxin Ma1 and Bing Li1 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China aliuwy@nxu.edu.cn,liuwy-1@163.com Keywords: coaled carbon-based solid acid; ultra-low ash Taixi coal; Sulfonation; D-fructose; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Abstract: Coaled carbon-based solid acid（Coal-SO3H）was prepared by sulfonating ultra-low ash Taixi coal and characterized by XPS, IR and PXRD.
Definitive (101) diffraction peaks (2θ = 40-50°) assignable to the axis of the graphite structure are observed[14] However, the reflections (002) of Coal-SO3H are weaker than the coal sample.
The result indicates that the carbon structure has been changed when sulfonic groups were introduced in the sulfonation reaction.
Despite of different ash content, 0-Coal-SO3H and Coal-SO3H obtained the similar yield which might result from the similar structure and acid density.

Morphologic, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO-TiO2 Sol-Gel System Anzelms Zukuls1,a*, Gundars Mezinskis1,b, Aigars Reinis2,c, Ingus Skadins2,d, Juta Kroica2,e, Ieva Stafecka1,f and Ramona Durena1,g 1Institute of Silicate Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.
ZnO content in the sample was very low or the ZnO has been modified and incorporated into mixed-type structures.
That was observed for the xerogels with the content of 7 and 10 mol% of ZnO, and it can be concluded that by increasing the ZnO content in the system to a certain limit, Zn2+ ions were incorporated within TiO2 structure to form ecandrewsite crystalline phase - also known as zinc titanium oxide.
For the samples containing 3, 7 and 10 mol% ZnO, spherically shaped particles of a significantly reduced number and amorphous structures were observed.

Hardware structure The data acquisition system hardware equipment mainly comprises a plastic injection molding machine, computer, data acquisition card, sensor, signal conditioning.
The hardware structure of the system as shown in figure 1.
System hardware structure In figure1, thick arrow indicates data acquisition point. ① for the detection of cylinder pressure of the inert gas injection. ②and ③ are respectively for collecting barrel section of melt temperature and pressure; ④is for collecting barrel heating power; ⑤is for the acquisition of the main motor power; ⑥is for the acquisition of injection sample.
Jensen,Using LabVIEW to demonstrate instrumentation principles, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Volume 400, Issue 9(2011) 2673-2676

Geological background and the characteristics of element chemistry The eastern of Luonan County in Shanxi Province is located in the north belt of Qingling latitudinal structural belt with developed folds and faults directed EW.
The main fracture structures are Yangshuling fracture, Shimen fracture and Tieluzi fracture[4] .
Regional geochemical field of the elements mainly integrated control by strata, rock mass and structure.
Based on anomalous element combination, dimension, strength and the geological structure position of anomalies, and abnormal classification, we screened out Zhaizigou-Jianggou-Yujiagou anomaly belt, Danshuigou-Hugou anomaly belt, Miaowa-Houling anomaly belt as the next key verification anomalies.

The whole structure of measuring system The whole structure of the online automatic measuring system for total sugar content in chlortetracycline fermenter is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 The whole structure of the system Fig. 2 The pipe connection diagram of the subsystem The Control Process.
[3] Yujuan Chen, Kelei Zhuo, Lei Kang, Sijiao Xu, Jianji Wang, “The dielectric constant of sugar-water binary system between 278.15K and 313.15K,” Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 24, 2008,pp. 91-96

The characteristics of the carbon material (particle and pore size, surface area, surface chemistry, density, and hardness) influence the efficiency of adsorption. 
Effect of impregnation ratio on the pore structure (B.E.T. surface area and total pore volume) was investigated.
Here, as mentioned before, sodium and potassium metallic acts as the catalyst for oxidation reaction, therefore more carbon atom in surface is oxidized leading to widening of the pore structures.
The surface of the raw material is homogeneous without any porous structure.

The effect of the chemical structure of dyes on their adsorption affinity to the surface of montmorillonite was manifested in the analysis of adsorption isotherms (Fig. 2 a).
The molecules of anionic green and anionic black were similar in chemical structure and molecular weight, but differed in the nature of the terminal functional groups (-OH and -NH2, respectively).
It was shown that the adsorption of anionic dyes on positively charged montmorillonite was significantly influenced by both the chemical structure of the adsorbate and the electrosurface properties of the phase separation boundary.
Gamayunova, Physical and colloid chemistry, Saratov, 2006

The perfection of the Goss texture is closely affected by structure evolution during the whole manufacturing process.
Fig. 3 Microstructure of the sheet after the slow heating to 620°C, supplier A: a. recrystallized (light grey) and deformed (dark grey) fractions of microstructure, b. grain orientation spread chart The fraction of recrystallized structure in sheets from suppliers A, B and C was 11.4 %, 6.4 % and 8.7 %, respectively.
It is obvious that the fraction of recrystallized structure in all sheets is approximately equivalent.
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 81 (2003) 486-489.

Introduction Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are typical ablative materials and widely used in design of hot structures like re-entry vehicles, probes and so on.
The FRP composites protect inner structures from high temperature and heat flux by being consumed.
The fiber reinforcements also protect the inner structure from heat by reacting at high temperature.
Low-pressure molded PR, which was supplied by Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Science, was cured according to the following program: 80°C (7 h) + 90°C (1 h) + 110°C (1 h)+130°C (1 h) + 150°C (2 h).

It is reported that PCBs have endocrine effects, and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls have similar structure with endocrine.
Other reports show that hydroxylated PCBs are estrogenic or anti-estrogenic with respect to binding for ER chemicals,and complex structure–estrogenicity/antiestrogenicity relationships for hydroxylated PCBs were observed[7,8].
But 4-OH-PCB3 and 3,4-diOH-PCB3 were both shown to be very potent activator of the ER in cells in culture, i.e. twice as potent as 5 pM E2[11].The difference between the research data of hydroxylated PCBs may be resulted from the structure difference of each compound.
J.Analytical Chemistry.