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A Low Cost 3D Foot Scanner for Custom-Made Sports Shoes Zahari Taha a, MohdAzriAris* ,b, Zulkifli Ahmad c, MohdHasnunArif Hassan d , Nina Nadia Sahim e Centre for Sports Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Introduction When purchasing new footwear, important factors that are taken into account include appearance, price, colour, and comfort [1].
Furthermore, anthropometric studies have shown that the shape of the footwear directly affects the level of comfort [5].
It establishes the physical geometry, mass properties, and strength capabilities of a person [7].

Due to many uncontrolled variables which can affect the loads spectrum of an aircraft structure, there is no possibility to predict precisely the aircraft life before it enters the operational use.
One of the ideas for structural health monitoring systems built is based on the measuring of the mechanical properties of materials used for aircraft structural elements.
There are various random factors which may have influence on the signal at the chosen instants of time.

These irregularities in which manufacturing industries considered could lead part to easily being cracked when used as mechanical components [6].
Material Properties and Experimental Parameters Material Preparation.
Based on the condition and capability of the manual plasma cutting process, four parameters which could affect the outcome results were considered.
Four factors with three level intervals were used, thus Taguchi orthogonal Array of L9 was selected as experimental layout.

Cutting forces are mainly affected by cutting speed, tool wear factor, too material factor, friction coefficient and rake angle [6], while temperature distribution in cutting zone depends to cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and tool nose radius [7].
The investigation of this simulation is to address the effects of tool rake angle on the cutting temperature and cutting force were accurately predicted during dry high speed machining of AISI 1045 steel which have well known chemical, physical and machinability properties.
Thus, the fully coupled thermo-mechanical analysis was applied.
Table 3 shows the mechanical and physical properties of cutting tool and workpiece.
Table 3.Thermal property of workpiec material and cutting tool [13].

Many rehabilitation methods require mechanical intervention into the structure of the building, but we must not forget the structures where these procedures cannot be used, specifically objects with a rich historical value, that are protected by the National Heritage Institute.
Thanks to the connection with the external environment, open pores directly influence the moisture and drying properties of materials. [2] Porosity of materials is given by following equation: ψ=VoV×100, [%] (1.1) where Vo is cavity volume [m3] and V is total volume of material [m3].
Increased humidity of building materials also negatively affects their properties, which may result in static weakening of the whole building.
Negative effects can be divided into four groups in terms of their impact on the structure, namely physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical effects.
Expression of microwave technology by relationship: [2], [4] Mechanism of converting microwave energy to heat is given by following equation: P=2×π×f×ε'×ε''×E2, [W.m-1] (1.5) where P is energy absorbed per unit volume [W.m-3], f is frequency of microwave field [2450 MHz], ε‘ is permittivity [F.m-1], ε‘‘ is dielectric material loss factor and E is electric field intensity inside the material [V.m-1]. 1.3 Equipment for Drying Masonry by Means of Microwave Radiation There are several types of microwave devices on the market which are currently used for drying of damp building structures. [6], [7] In general, we can say that the microwave dryer consists of several main parts: • power source, • cable line, • microwave generator, • waveguide, • antenna for microwave radiation. 2.

These rates are many factors of hundred and thousand higher than those for plastic deformation of ordinary fine-grained alloys (~ 10-4 ¸ 10-3 s-1) used in modern industrial technologies for superplastic forming.
Grabovetskaya, et al., Gran-Boundary Diffusion and Properties of Nanostructured Materials, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 2001
Dudarev, et al., The effect of severe plastic deformation on the structure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Li Alloys, Russian Physics Journal, 5 (2002) 453-457
Nikol'skaya, Specific features of structure and properties of 1420 aluminum alloy, Met.
Samsonov (Ed.), Handbook of the Physicochemical Properties of the Elements, IFI-Plenum, New York, 1968.

Suitable adsorbent is one of the key factors that contributes to efficient adsorption process.
The modification of graphene-based material has caught an interest as a favorable adsorbent due to its physicochemical and mechanical properties.
High sonication temperature will affect the hydrogen bonding of O-H with water molecules, make it less soluble.
Surface chemistry of GO/ES adsorbent is one of the factors that affecting the fluoride removal in wastewater.
Thus, the increment of sonication temperature is only affecting the O-H intensity, due to high exposure of heat.

Summary The microstructure and functional properties were carried out for coatings made of ZrO2 oxide deposited using APS process.
In order to characterize produced ceramic coatings, their phase composition, thickness, microstructure and surface roughness were determined as factors determining the usefulness of these coatings for use as a factor increasing biocompatibility and reducing the potential time of implant osseointegration with the human body.
In this case, the selected spraying parameters affected the coating thickness.
Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it can be assumed that the microstructure, phase composition and performance properties of coatings made of ZrO2 oxide on the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface are suitable so that this material can be used in medical applications, including clinical tests.
Grudziel, Microstructure and properties of YSZ coatings prepared by plasma spray physical vapour deposition for biomedical application, Arch.

The grain boundary diffusivity in Al2O3 is sensitively affected by the doped cation which segregates at the grain boundaries.
The grain boundary diffusion coefficient is sensitively affected by a small amount of cation-doping.
Dynys, in: Structure and Properties of MgO and Al2O3 Ceramics, edited by W.D.
Gordon, in: Structure and Properties of MgO and Al2O3 Ceramics, edited by W.D.Kingery, Am.
Harrison, Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids (Dover Publications Inc., NY 1980)

Solar PV power plant outputs are affected by a number of factors, of which the major are solar radiation variation, temperature and dust deposition [3,4].
Dust deposition is influenced by various factors such as particle size, wind speed, dust material and surface material etc. [8].
Following results have been obtained through different tests · The output electrical properties of the PV panels due to dust deposition presented in table 2 show that the current values are more affected by the presence of dust, the voltage values are not much changed.
The reason may be attributed to the antireflection properties of the hydrophobic coatings which show better transparency than the simple glass
Further in-depth studies on hydrophobicity measurement of the coatings, contact angle, durability, mechanical strength, weathering and degradation of the coatings with repeated cleaning cycles are required.