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No POD With POD Simulation series Strength characteristics Mean value Standard deviation Failure Probability Pf Failure Probability Pf Number of detections YL (MPa) 440 4 % UTS (MPa) 320 5 % 1 and 2 Kc (MPa-m)) 60 10 % 6.52 x 10 -3 0.19 x 10 -3 96.910 YL 440 2 % UTS 320 2.5% 3 and 4 Kc 60 10 % 4.70 x 10 -3 0.15 x 10 -3 96.800 YL 440 2% UTS 320 2.5 % 5 and 6 Kc 60 5 % 0 0 96.900 This case study makes it obvious that both, the quantitative description of an existing failure (via POD) and the better evaluation of the material strength data minimize the failure risk significantly. 3.
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Materials Strength and elastic properties The elastic, elastic/plastic and electrical conductivity of Al-alloys and steels are influenced by numerous structural elements like grains, grain boundaries, second phases, precipitates, pores, dislocations, interstitials, vacancies etc.

Positioning of runner at the right orientation is more beneficial than having numerous numbers of runners.
An experiment conducted by Berman et al. found out that the fine grain size of metal powder (Mg17Al12) inside thixomolding provides material with lower porosity level than the plates formed in HPDC [12].
Fallis: Casting Porosity-free Grain Refined Magnesium Alloys in Journal of Chemical Information and Modelling, 53(9), (2013), pp. 1689-1699

Reduced density directly depends on the size and number of pores in the hardened concrete structure.
A., Fine-grained fiber reinforced concretes.
[17] Perfilov V.A., Zubov M.O., Fine-grained basalt fiber reinforvced concrete, Bull. of the Volgograd St.

A large number of short and deep secondary micro cracks, which is perpendicular to the tensile direction can be observed on the side of the fracture.
In-situ characterization of the electrochemistry of grain and grain boundary of an X70 steel in a near-neutral pH solution [J].

There are two different superconducting phases in the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting system depending on the number of CuO2 layers in the crystal structure [1-2].
For example, most metallic alloys are crystalline, but they usually have many independent crystal regions (crystals or grains) in different directions separated by boundaries of grain; moreover, it contains other crystal defects (notably disturbances) that reduce the structural perfection degree.

The motion of interfaces in a microstructure is a result of the repositioning of atoms from lattice positions in one grain to projected lattice positions in a neighboring grain.
Acknowledgements This research was carried out under the project number MC41.09246 in the framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute M2i (www.m2i.nl).

Such a heterophase structure of the composite Ni-Mo-Al coating promotes the action of grain boundary hardening [5, 6].
Lapping was carried out sequentially, using lithol and grinding powders with different grain sizes from 50 μm to 28 μm.
The advantages of this method are an increase in resistance to shock loading, formation of a corrosion-resistant coating on the working surface, and minimization of possible types of wear on the inner part of the compressor cylinder, which will significantly reduce the number of repair and service activities and reduce equipment downtime due to repairs.

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a fine-grained material produced by gypsum and clinker inter-grinding.
The number next to the letters represents the water content in percentage by weight of the total composite.
[9] ASTM D7928, "Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) Of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021

When the sample is subjected to impact loading, the normal stress produces a shear stress component in the grains of BNT, causing fluctuations in the Ti-O dipoles existing inside the grains that generate an electric signal.
It is caused by an increase in EM, which causes a greater number of Ti-O dipoles to line up.

Sample Characterization The size distribution curves of PMMA/PAN composite particles were obtained in a MASTERIZER 2000 laser grain instrument (water as dispersant).
Not surprisingly, polymerization temperature strongly affects the grain size and uniformity of products.
At higher temperature (75°C), with a shorter half life period of KPS, and the number of generated SO42- radical residues was high enough to disperse and stabilize the particles, resulting in the formation of homogeneous emulsion and a narrow size distribution of the PMMA/PAN composite particles.