Search results

The increased number and diversity of thin film coatings applied in industry arises an increased demand for practical and reliable characterization of surface coatings itself.
The brittle inter crystalline fracture surface revealed the grain structure of the coating.

Two-phase flow simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics on the micro-CT images to show the effect of the capillary number and the flow pattern.
The pore and throat size and grain angularity affect the nanofluids flow, as the particles amalgamate and stuck inside the porous structure causing less propagation and less production of oil [12].

Commonly, steels like AISI 316L with a high resistance to HEE include a large number of alloying elements and in high amount.
The nickel equivalent number Nieq in Eq. 2 was used to assess the AusStab against martensitic transformation, calculated according to the empirical equation of Zhang et al. [7].
Nieq(%) = Ni + 0.65Cr + 0.98Mo + 1.05Mn + 0.35Si + 12.6C (2) The benefit of the Nieq number is the threshold value of 27 %.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under DFG-Project number WE 4436/4-1.
Ohashi, Composition and Grain Size Dependencies of Strain induced Martensitic Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels, J.

Analysis of the possibility of own stresses steering can be realized by changing factors: regular outline of the asperity (triangular, rounding, rounding-linear) and their parameters (height, vertical angle, rounding radius), asperities space, depth of pile and smooth burnishing, number of upcoming one by one crossing in hybrid burnishing (embossing of asperity and their burnishing), position of the burnishing tools in the next steps.
According to preliminary analysis, the ability to internal stress distribution control can be realized by change the following factors: outline of the regular asperities (triangular, arc, arc-line), and its parameters (height, apex angle, corner radius, etc.), asperities feed, depth of uplift burnishing, and depth of smooth burnishing, the number of duplex burnishing passes.
Analysis of the possibilities of stresses distribution control can be realized through changes of the following factors values: outline of the regular asperities (triangular, arc, arc-line), its parameters (height, apex angle, corner radius, etc.), distance between the asperities, depth of uplift burnishing, depth of smooth burnishing, the number of duplex burnishing passes (asperities embossing and squashing), the tools setting in the following passes.
Kukielka: Numerical analysis of states of strain and stress of material during machining with a single abrasive grain.
Patyk: Theoretical and experimental basis of regular asperities about triangular outline embossing technology, Steel Research International Special Edition, Volume 81, Number 9, Publishing Company Verlag Stahleisen (2010), pg. 190 - 193.

The linear converging die is having some specific advantage over the flat faced die in respect of low friction, less redundant work and more uniform grain structure [10,11,12].
Therefore the total number of unknown velocity components in the global level becomes 3N+1.
All these unknown velocity components can be uniquely determined if an equal number of equations are generated.
Hence, it results in ten tetrahedrons, with the number of global schemes of discretisation being four.
Table 1 Summary of discretisation schemes (Single-point formulation) Type of sub-zones 3 pyramids ; 4 tetrahedrons Total number of SERR blocks 2+2+2+1+1+1+1=10 Number of discretisation schemes 2x2x2=8 Number of triangular faces 31 No. of velocity components 10x3=30 for 10 SERR and 1 at exit, Total=31 Fig. 1(a).

It was observed that the 15% PVP-K30 method had a large number of submicron powders.
The reason for this is that the grain refinement could improve the mechanical properties of the material [21-23].
There is a large number of sub-micron dimensions exist in 15% PVP-K30 mixture crushing
The micro-shock-waveof ultrasonic cavitation can form a large number of small metal droplets during the ultrasonic mixed crushing process.
[23] Lin, Y., et al., Ultra-fine grained structure in Al–Mg induced by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization under moderate straining.

In the last five years a number of publications have appeared, that report on promising performance of GaSb both in traditional thermoelectric converters [3,4] and in thermoelectric photovoltaic (TPV) converters [5,6].
The GaSb island size distribution and surface concentration were calculated with Balagan Grain Analysis software [13].
Unfortunately, a significant number of microtwins appeared during a silicon overgrowth.
The thermoelectric figure of merit of the nanostructured material can be increased by increasing the number of embedded layers of GaSb NCs.
Goroshko, Universal algorithm for scanning probe microscopy images grain analysis of objects on the surface, in: IEEE, 2017: pp. 19–24. doi:10.1109/RPC.2017.8168059

They could enhance the built environment in a number of ways.
Types of green roof and their characteristics Characteristics Extensive Green Roof Semi-intensive Green Roof Intensive Green Roof Soil characteristics - Depth - Grain size - Water retention capacity - Nutrient reserves 150 mm or less Coarse Low Low 150 to 200 mm Medium Medium Medium 200 to 2000 mm Fine High High Fully saturated weight Light (80-150 kg/m2) Medium (150-300 kg/m2) Heavy (300-1000 kg/m2) Plant species Moss-sedum-herbs and grasses Grass-herbs and shrubs Lawn or perennials, shrubs and trees Accessibility by occupants Mostly inaccessible Partially accessible Accessible Cost Low capital and maintenance costs Medium capital and maintenance costs High capital and maintenance costs Structure and Materials of Green Roof The basic components in common of green roofs of any type are illustrated in Fig. 1 and are explicated below.
Amongst various places visited by the delegation, a number of buildings in Tokyo showcased exemplars of green roofs.

All profiles (AR=0.571) are tested in a wind tunnel at air speed of 10 m/s at Reynolds number 6.5 x 105.
These four airfoil shapes will be studied at Reynolds number Re = 6.5x105 across a range of -4.5° < α < 20°.
The specimens were eroded by sand grains of the dune (from the same semi-arid step area and the average diameter of which is 80 µm).
Strömberg, An Optimal Number-Dependent Preventive Maintenance Strategy for Offshore Wind Turbine Blades Considering Logistics, Advances in Operations Research Volume, 2013

But the given polycrystallinity of the electrodes together with the existence of many grain boundaries may justify this.
No trap- or grain boundary limited electron transport (to the backcontact) [39, 40] is considered yet.
Two parameters, the effective diffusion coefficient and the migration velocity of charge carriers are influenced strongly by the number of grain boundaries and their energetic properties, e.g. deep or shallow trap states.
As a result, the overall number of generated charge carriers in the film increases.
One the one hand the number of grain boundaries decreases, whereas on the other hand the BCC lattice of pores starts to collapse for a heat-treatment above 700°C.