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Several different mechanisms can give rise to high misorientations; these are discussed in terms of the factors that control them and their relationships to orientation and texture.
In general, all the neighbouring grains affect the local strain state and this can be modelled by CPFEM as shown in Fig.7 [16].
Shear banding is associated with instabilities when a pre-existing substructure such as aligned microbands or mechanical twins is destroyed locally and softening occurs leading to concentration of strain.
Recrystallisation along shear bands in annealed (b) polycrystalline copper, (c) single crystal of silicon-iron with {111}<112> orientation Factors controlling deformation substructures All the sources of misoriented substructures described above tend to become more prominent as the initial grain size of the metal increases.
While this condition is not desirable for deep drawing sheet, it is necessary for the strong cube textures produced in aluminium capacitor foil and for magnetic properties in iron-nickel permalloy sheet.

The experimental results through mechanical testing, electrical conductivity, digital imaging microscopy, ultrasonic compacting, realized on Cu-Cu, Al-Al and Al-Cu samples, underscore the potential for using aluminum as a substitute for copper multiwire connectors in automotive industry. 1.
Numerous active applications of ultrasounds in various branches of technology particularly in the automotive industry, are due to the effects produced because of the properties ultrasonic waves possess: small wavelength, high particle acceleration can reach 109 times the acceleration of gravity, the possibility of steering an ultrasonic narrow beam in the desired direction, the possibility to concentrate and focus the energy in a limited area without affecting the environment in the vicinity where it is propagated [1].
Comparison of experimental results through mechanical testing, electrical conductivity testing, digital microscopy imaging and ultrasonic compaction highlights the potential development and use of aluminium as a replacement of connection to the copper wiring in automotive equipment. 2.
Characteristic of sonotrodes used in the experimental program Material Vsound [m/s] Sonotrode length [Mm] Resonance frequency kHz Amplification factor Maximum stress Mpa/x= Oscillation node coordinate [mm] Dissipated power [Watt] OLC45 5334 146,9 2,0 2,61 86,8/102,5 65,00 2,0 10-3 Using specific laboratory equipment, the oscillation amplitude was measured at the sonotrode tip, in no-load conditions.
This corresponds with the theoretical amplitude resulted from the mechanical resonator assembly line consisting of a piezo-ceramic converter, amplitude transformer 1:1, sonotrode, 26.1µm at the resonance frequency of 20 kHz. 3.

Design of Database for High Speed Cutting of Difficult-to-cut Materials Lijuan Liu1, 2, a, Wenge Wu1,b and Ming Lv2,c 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Autoimmunization, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China acy30mk@sina.com, bwuwenge@nuc.edu.cn, c lvming@tyut.edu.cn Keywords: High speed cutting; hardworking material; database; web; BP neural networks Abstract.
The basic characteristics of them are high hardness/ strength, high plasticity/toughness, low ductility and high brittleness, low heat conduction, reactive chemical properties and with hard microscopic particles or inclusions.
There are many factors that affect the choice.
To determine the best cutting parameters is a difficult thing because these factors are mutually restrictive [3].The right choice of cutting parameters is a very difficult assurance in the actual processing.
Generally, it should be determined by consulting cutting handbook, according to the processing properties, the processing request, the work piece’s material, the cutting tool's size and material performance, and other aspect, and it relays on the rich experience.

For example, pull-in is essential for material property measurement[[1].
M-TEST: a test chip for MEMS material property measurement using electrostatically actuated test structures.
Due to different requirements of specific applications, pull-in phenomenon has become a hot topic of electrostatically actuated MEMS structures, which mainly focuses on two aspects: one is how to find the pull-in point of different structures, the other is the influence of relevant factors on pull-in parameters, such as material properties, structural geometry and the air gap between the electrodes.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. 309-319. ,[15].
Impact of the bottom electrode position on pull-in parameters Based on above analysis, it can be concluded that common factors that affect the stability of the travel range is geometry parameters of cantilever beam, such as g/b, t/g, which are relevant to the thickness(Z) direction and usually constrained by MEMS processing technology, but the bottom electrode position is only influenced by the size of the parameter in XY plane, so it can be freely adjusted in the layout design stage, which will not have any impact on the fabrication process.

The superior high temperature mechanical properties of nickel-base single crystal superalloys make them to the best candidates for use in the key hot section parts of advanced aero engine[1].
In single crystal superalloys with a high volume fraction of γ/γ′ eutectic after casting, the complete dissolution of γ′ by the appropriate solid solution heat treatment is of extreme importance for improved mechanical properties[5-7].
The purpose of solid solution heat treatment was to dissolve coarse eutectic in as-cast structure, to reduce composition segregation, and to improve mechanical property.
The time also was one of factors that influenced diffusion during solid solution heat treatment.
Effect of solidification parameters on the microstructures and properties of CMSX-10.

Introduction Polycarbonate (PC), which is one of the most popular engineering plastics with a good comprehensive performance, is an amorphous thermoplastic that has high thermal deformation temperature, high resistance to impact strength, superior electric insulation and creep resistant property.
The cellular structure of foam is a large determinant of final physical and mechanical properties.
The inventors hypothesized that if bubbles that were smaller than the critical flaw size in polymers could be introduced in large numbers, then the density of plastics could be reduced without sacrificing the mechanical performances.
Shear rate will affect the formation of homogeneous system, which will further affect the cell morphology.
Cell Morphology and Property Relationships of Microcellular Foamed PVC/Wood-Fiber Composites.

The collected data allowed to identify how the different lubrication conditions affect the final workpiece geometry.
Principal advantages of this technology are the tooling costs and assembly parts reduction, the part mechanical properties, the weight and dimensional accuracy improvement [1-3].
Amongst them, Pin on Disk allows to directly measure the compression (F) and friction (T) forces with only one couple of surfaces is in contact, that means less parameters affecting the test [12].
The dies are closed by a mechanical locking system.
Starting from the above considerations, the dependence of the thickness from those two factors was studied.

Also, due to the freshness and sensitive to mechanical damage, the preservative package, conditions of storage and sales play a decisive role in keeping the quality of the oilseed rape and extending its shelf life.
Fig.1 CO2 and O2 concentrations of different treatment during storage VC Content Analysis Vitamin C is one of the important factors to measure the quality of fruit and vegetable [8].
Fig.2 Change of VC content with storage time Total Soluble Solids and Titratable Acid Analysis Sweet degree was an important factor which affecting the flavor of the vegetable.
This result indicated that the CF-MP group could lower the growth of microorganism, and ClO2 had property of sterilization in the preservation of vegetables.

Certain requirements are imposed on these materials, such as high physical and mechanical properties, durability, enhanced performance and low cost.
However, despite their positive characteristics, they are expensive, which is often a decisive factor when they are not used.
The paper studied the liquid glass density effect on the aerated concrete samples properties, such as water absorption, compressive strength, density of the material obtained, and also the calculated softening coefficient.
On the aerated concrete samples based on cullet of optimal composition, the liquid glass density effect on the material properties was investigated.
Yatsenko, Dependence of the reactivity and foaming ability of the compositions of organic and inorganic porous agents of cellular heat-insulating construction glass material on their ratio and properties, Technique and technology of silicates. 22 (4) (2015) 7-12

Changsha 410082, China. 4Hunan International Economics University Mechanical Engineering.
However, factors that affect the performance of multi-metal catalytic nanomaterial are many different catalytic reactions, looking for the best multi-metal catalyst material is a problem. 2013 years, Wong Rice University research group[2] developed gold nanoparticles supported Pd catalysts of different sizes, and parcels 7 nm Au nanoparticles of 60% -70% of Pd with optimal catalytic activity, Pt-Ru , Co3O4, Pd / Ru at high temperature is considered to have a high catalytic activity of NO decomposition.
The reaction according to the requirements of different catalysts for the catalytic material, design structure bimetallic nano-material, so that bimetallic catalysts exhibit optimum catalytic properties, the key issue is another study[8-10].
With differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption methods, such as the physical properties of TiO2 porous microspheres were characterized.
Synthesis and catalytic properties of bimetallic nanomaterials with various architectures.