Search results

As far as the defectiveness of a coating is concerned, temperatures can influence the following mechanisms of coating formation [4]: use of residual gas atoms; vacancy hardening; decreasing the grain size of substructure condensate and increasing dislocation density.
The chemical composition of the coatings is determined by the design of the vacuum-arc installation, namely on the number of evaporating cathodes, on their location relative to one another, on the distance between evaporating cathodes and the cutting tool.
Using as an intermediate layer the TiМоN coating (TiCN-TiМоN-TiN coating), which has lower fracture resistance than the TiZrN coating, reduces the number of a tool’s working cycles N2C, N3,4C and N5C.
The said reduction of the number of working cycles N2C, N3,4C and N5C results in an increase of the overall thickness of a coating (Table 4).
The thus formed multilayer coating TiCN15%-TiZrN-TiNCTM provides an increase in the number of a tool’s working cycles N2C, N3,4C and N5C in comparison with the corresponding figure for a tool with the TiCN-TiZrN-TiN coating.

The standard is based on a large number of borehole investigation and stratified sampling.
Great thickness of Cretaceous stratum is mainly composed with fluvial sandstone which contains widely coarse-grained sandstone.

However, at room temperature the poor ductility restricts the application of magnesium alloy to the component forming because of its limited number of slip systems with a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) lattice.
During hot-work, DRX is one of the most important methods to refine the grain size and soften the alloy, which can be utilized to control the microstructure evolution and improve the ductility.

The explicit integration scheme is selected, rather than an implicit scheme, primarily because this is a wave propagation problem, the finite element mesh contains a large number of elements.
Finite element model Fig. 4 shows the vertical stress history at four representative locations surrounding pile P1: A1 on the pile cap, A2 on the coarse-grained fill layer, A3 on the soft clay layer and A4 below the pile tip (see Fig. 1a).

The pre-heat-treatment was normalization, and the grain size level was 6 to 7.
Fig. 2 Sampling method 1 5 4 3 6 2 Sampling: Six samples were sampled along the pipelines axial direction by uniform interval, and numbered from 1-6, shown in Fig. 2.

Because spall fracture is practically important in high speed impact problems such as automobiles, aircrafts, and military vehicles, a large number of experiments on various kinds of material were carried out.
At this specific scale level, the solid is formed by crystal grains, heterogeneous impurities, material defects and so on.

The intensity of ZnO (002) peak in the XRD pattern mainly depends on the number of grains with the c-axis orientation in the ZnO films.

Silicates of composition R2O3+2SiO2 (R = rare-earth ion) show a higher number of polymorphic forms than other rare-earth silicates [1].
For the analysis of our data, an additional temperature-independent term was added to the thermal resistivity (1/λ) to Eucken’s rule as: (6) The physical justification of this term is the existence of numerous additional scattering centers for phonons in D-Er2Si2O7, caused by structural and chemical imperfections and the influence of the grain boundaries.

The probability for the nth observed data can be written as follows: (6) (7) (8) For total number of fine-grained soil samples is k, including n silt and (k-n) clay, likelihood function equation can be given as, (9) Assuming the measured qt,net,I , FR,I , FCi ,PLi , LLi and the CPT/CPTU data based on USCS are all correct, so test or estimate error does not exist and equation (10) meets normal distribution with the mean value ĝ (...) and the standard deviation σε

After recrystallization, we obtained some green NNSH crystalline grains. taking NNSH crystalline particles dissolved in ultrapure water, to prepared saturated solution with saturation temperature 65 ° C, 100ml of the saturated solution was placed in a beaker with sealed glass lid, stired the solution with a magnetic stirrer and heating mother liquor to 65 ° C.
N was number of Ni2+ ions per unit volume in the crystal.