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Online since: September 2025
Authors: Antxon Arrizabalaga
SiC Half-Bridge Modules to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Area
of High-Power Motor Drives in Space
Antxon Arrizabalaga1,a*
1European Space Agency (ESA), Netherlands
aantxon.arrizabalaga@esa.int
Keywords: Space, high-power motor drive, SiC, high-power module, area reduction.
For the Si, and even if the manufacturer only provides the Qrr data for the maximum current, the reverse recovery charge increases with the forward current, If, of the diode [12].
For this loss model, the Qrr is considered to increase with the square root of If in the diode, until the data provided by the manufacturer is reached.
The main technical characteristics to populate the analytical model are shown in Table 2, obtaining the data from the manufacturers datasheets, and considering the capacity characteristics constant at the operation voltage.
For the Si, and even if the manufacturer only provides the Qrr data for the maximum current, the reverse recovery charge increases with the forward current, If, of the diode [12].
For this loss model, the Qrr is considered to increase with the square root of If in the diode, until the data provided by the manufacturer is reached.
The main technical characteristics to populate the analytical model are shown in Table 2, obtaining the data from the manufacturers datasheets, and considering the capacity characteristics constant at the operation voltage.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Samuel C. Uzoechi, Goddy C. Okoye, Ejeta Kennedy Oghenenyore, Benjamin I. Nkem, Gideon I. Ndubuka, Patrick Ugochukwu Agbasi
Expression data showed that this was this gene had the most consistent expression.
Light-Cycler data was analyzed using the fit point method of Light-Cycler software.
Data represent the mean and standard deviation of four donors at 7 days, n = 4 GAG/DNA values of p2 cells under normoxic condition also did not statistically change with glucose concentration.
These data were confirmed by EdU by comparing the EdU positive cells in 5 and 20mmol/L with glucose deprived medium in chondrocytes-agarose constructs.
The result predicted suitable stimulatory effect of glucose concentration of 5 and 20mmol/L on chondrocytes proliferation in 3D (Data not shown).
Light-Cycler data was analyzed using the fit point method of Light-Cycler software.
Data represent the mean and standard deviation of four donors at 7 days, n = 4 GAG/DNA values of p2 cells under normoxic condition also did not statistically change with glucose concentration.
These data were confirmed by EdU by comparing the EdU positive cells in 5 and 20mmol/L with glucose deprived medium in chondrocytes-agarose constructs.
The result predicted suitable stimulatory effect of glucose concentration of 5 and 20mmol/L on chondrocytes proliferation in 3D (Data not shown).
Online since: August 2013
Authors: N.V. Martyushev, E.N. Pashkov
In the article data about application nanopowder on a structure of coatings of the form are submitted at a casting of lead-tin bronzes.
From the data resulted in the table and technical requirements to become clearly that depth of gas pockets on a handsheet surface it is not possible to be more than 5 mm.
Reduction of amount of gases at the expense of careful scrubbing action of a surface from a deposit and combustion yields coating and not uses coating (as gas emissive) led welding to a cast part to a surface of the shape and the considerable difficulties at its extraction.
From the data resulted in the table and technical requirements to become clearly that depth of gas pockets on a handsheet surface it is not possible to be more than 5 mm.
Reduction of amount of gases at the expense of careful scrubbing action of a surface from a deposit and combustion yields coating and not uses coating (as gas emissive) led welding to a cast part to a surface of the shape and the considerable difficulties at its extraction.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Fu You Wang, Li Chen, Jia Lu Li, Guo Li Zhang, Guang Wei Chen
All above experimental results could provide fundamental data to the optimal design
complex structure laminated composite parts.
R.P.Jia [8∼9] studied the tensile strength of carbon bismaleimide laminates with two vertical line splicing plies, the stress concentration in the splicing region is the main reason for the reduction tensile strength of splicing laminates.
(a) (b) Figure 3 Typical load-displacement curves of flexural test, (a) the flexural load-displacement curves of DLS and CL, (b) the flexural load-displacement cures of LS and CL Table 3 the flexural experimental data of laminated Splicing shape Sample code Splicing interval length/mm Flexural strength/MPa Flexural modulus /GPa Double vertical line form DLS4 4 119.5 5.62 DLS8 8 135.5 6.14 DLS12 12 173.7 7.37 DLS16 16 193.9 7.68 Ladder form LS4 4 227.9 7.06 LS8 8 230.0 7.37 LS12 12 232.7 7.58 Continuous form CL - 243.8 7.68 Conclusions In this paper, the tensile properties and flexural properties of different splicing shape and interval length were tested, yielding the following conclusions: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Load/KN Displacement/mm LS4mm LS8mm LS12mm LC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Load/kN Displacement/mm
R.P.Jia [8∼9] studied the tensile strength of carbon bismaleimide laminates with two vertical line splicing plies, the stress concentration in the splicing region is the main reason for the reduction tensile strength of splicing laminates.
(a) (b) Figure 3 Typical load-displacement curves of flexural test, (a) the flexural load-displacement curves of DLS and CL, (b) the flexural load-displacement cures of LS and CL Table 3 the flexural experimental data of laminated Splicing shape Sample code Splicing interval length/mm Flexural strength/MPa Flexural modulus /GPa Double vertical line form DLS4 4 119.5 5.62 DLS8 8 135.5 6.14 DLS12 12 173.7 7.37 DLS16 16 193.9 7.68 Ladder form LS4 4 227.9 7.06 LS8 8 230.0 7.37 LS12 12 232.7 7.58 Continuous form CL - 243.8 7.68 Conclusions In this paper, the tensile properties and flexural properties of different splicing shape and interval length were tested, yielding the following conclusions: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Load/KN Displacement/mm LS4mm LS8mm LS12mm LC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Load/kN Displacement/mm
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Yong Sun, Wei Qing Yang, Ji Rong Xue, Jian Hui Tian, Wen Wei Li
While some grid products have been deployed in some areas, but in practice the performance is still far from satisfactory, so that many groups had to give up this, which did not fully commercial technology, and back to the original data center products, such as clusters or distribution computing platform.
The knowledge grid located above information grid, a grid of high-level applications, mainly completed to explore the knowledge from the underlying data and information.
The goal of cloud computing and grid computing to maximize the reduction of the computational cost, improve reliability, increase flexibility and allows the user to buy the computing power of computing resources on demand.
First, the size of the growing amount of data in today's very large amount of data need to deal with every day difference with the situation ten years ago, the grid appears, has lost its comparability.
Secondly, there are several available distributed data centers worldwide, which contains hundreds of thousands of computers, computing power to meet the amount of computation required by the current data processing may be dispersed and can be completed in many parts of the large amounts of data.
The knowledge grid located above information grid, a grid of high-level applications, mainly completed to explore the knowledge from the underlying data and information.
The goal of cloud computing and grid computing to maximize the reduction of the computational cost, improve reliability, increase flexibility and allows the user to buy the computing power of computing resources on demand.
First, the size of the growing amount of data in today's very large amount of data need to deal with every day difference with the situation ten years ago, the grid appears, has lost its comparability.
Secondly, there are several available distributed data centers worldwide, which contains hundreds of thousands of computers, computing power to meet the amount of computation required by the current data processing may be dispersed and can be completed in many parts of the large amounts of data.
Online since: November 2006
Authors: Michihiro Sato, Tetsuya Ohashi, Takuya Maruizumi, Isao Kitagawa
Table 1
shows the material data [3,4] used for the analysis.
Table 1 Material data used in the analyses [3,4].
As far as we know, there is no experimental data of lattice friction stress.
Similarly, lattice friction stresses given by the data set P2 are calculated from the hardness with the H2 series of data.
[5] Properties of Silicon, EMIS DATA REVIEWS SERIES No.4, AHMED, H. , INSPEC, )1988*,22
Table 1 Material data used in the analyses [3,4].
As far as we know, there is no experimental data of lattice friction stress.
Similarly, lattice friction stresses given by the data set P2 are calculated from the hardness with the H2 series of data.
[5] Properties of Silicon, EMIS DATA REVIEWS SERIES No.4, AHMED, H. , INSPEC, )1988*,22
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Nor Diana A. Wahab, Risza Rusli, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Azizul Buang, N. A. Wahab
Bayesian Network (BN) is recognized as the powerful tool to support causal inference in situations where the data for analysis suffered with a high level of uncertainty [4].
Minimization - Reduction in the number of hazardous human tasks as few times as possible when it is unavoidable.
As an example, Table 1 shows the hypothetical ASP data of HF over 10 time intervals.
The data are reported cumulatively, showing the total number of ‘occurrences / failures’, Nj and number of ‘challenges’, Mj through the end of each time interval.
It shows that the updated failure probabilities of HF drastically increased for 10 months, as new ASP data are observed and integrated into the analysis.
Minimization - Reduction in the number of hazardous human tasks as few times as possible when it is unavoidable.
As an example, Table 1 shows the hypothetical ASP data of HF over 10 time intervals.
The data are reported cumulatively, showing the total number of ‘occurrences / failures’, Nj and number of ‘challenges’, Mj through the end of each time interval.
It shows that the updated failure probabilities of HF drastically increased for 10 months, as new ASP data are observed and integrated into the analysis.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Satoshi Matsuda, Hiroshi Kubota
Current situation of the introduction of renewable energies in Japan
The current situation of renewable energies in Japan is shown in Table 2, according to data from the Japanese government (the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy)[2].
Anyway, the data shown in Table 2 indicated that there are some structural defects in the design of institutional arrangements.
The authors estimated this value as a national average by using reference data [3], for instance 10.4% for solar power, 25% for wind and 70% for geothermal and so on as a result.
Data of the power capacity : at the end of Feb. 2014 (Table 2) was only 1.7% of the nuclear power and that it will take about 59 years (=288.2/4.89) to replace nuclear power with renewable energies if the same progress situation is maintained (Total power generation data was obtained from the reference [4]).
at home is about 700000[Yen/kW-facility] requiring a serious cost reduction.
Anyway, the data shown in Table 2 indicated that there are some structural defects in the design of institutional arrangements.
The authors estimated this value as a national average by using reference data [3], for instance 10.4% for solar power, 25% for wind and 70% for geothermal and so on as a result.
Data of the power capacity : at the end of Feb. 2014 (Table 2) was only 1.7% of the nuclear power and that it will take about 59 years (=288.2/4.89) to replace nuclear power with renewable energies if the same progress situation is maintained (Total power generation data was obtained from the reference [4]).
at home is about 700000[Yen/kW-facility] requiring a serious cost reduction.
A Study on the Mathematic Model of Nox Emission in Coal-Fired Boiler with Opposed Combustion Pattern
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Bao Ling Liu
Suppose we are given a training data set,in which is an inputs with n dimensions, is the output.
Nox emissions data Training data set were given from a 660 MW ultra-supercritical solid slagging once-through boiler with opposed combustion pattern ,which is 1# unit of XinChang power plant located at Jiangxi Province of China.
The research database consisted of 110 cases,in which 10 cases shomn in table 1 and table 2 were used to model ,and the other 100 cases as test data set.
The output was 1--dimensional data ,Nox emissions concentration.
The other 100 cases ,as the test data ,were uses to verify the accuracy of the model,the comparision of results of the prediction and measurements were shown in figure 1.
Nox emissions data Training data set were given from a 660 MW ultra-supercritical solid slagging once-through boiler with opposed combustion pattern ,which is 1# unit of XinChang power plant located at Jiangxi Province of China.
The research database consisted of 110 cases,in which 10 cases shomn in table 1 and table 2 were used to model ,and the other 100 cases as test data set.
The output was 1--dimensional data ,Nox emissions concentration.
The other 100 cases ,as the test data ,were uses to verify the accuracy of the model,the comparision of results of the prediction and measurements were shown in figure 1.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Jian Lan Zhou, Zhi Yu Sun, Da Wei Tang
In the future research in [6], it is suggested that statistic methods should be used to analyze statistical data on accidents, so that the dependent relationship among factors can be generated more accurately.
According to the above results, the hypothesis in different levels in the model can be tested, the correlation among different variables can be analyzed, thus the data of interactions among different factors can be identified.
Thirdly, the accident cases should be structured, and inter-relationship among the factors, can be generated by Proportional Reduction of Error (PRE) method with the aid of SPSS.
Then, the statistical data can be applied to verify and modify the data which represents the interactions among the factors.
Therefore, this paper intends to solve the following 3 key problems: 1) Design a scientific research scheme to ensure to get reliable data 2) Clarify the features of different factors which can influence the safety level of high risk operations, identify the relations among the factors, construct safety assessment model, explain the statistical data of accidents, verify relationship among the factors by accident statistical data. 3) Construct a link between safety management and safety assessment, propose some suggestions for safety assessment, guide the safety management by safety assessment, treat the safety management as the databases for safety assessment.
According to the above results, the hypothesis in different levels in the model can be tested, the correlation among different variables can be analyzed, thus the data of interactions among different factors can be identified.
Thirdly, the accident cases should be structured, and inter-relationship among the factors, can be generated by Proportional Reduction of Error (PRE) method with the aid of SPSS.
Then, the statistical data can be applied to verify and modify the data which represents the interactions among the factors.
Therefore, this paper intends to solve the following 3 key problems: 1) Design a scientific research scheme to ensure to get reliable data 2) Clarify the features of different factors which can influence the safety level of high risk operations, identify the relations among the factors, construct safety assessment model, explain the statistical data of accidents, verify relationship among the factors by accident statistical data. 3) Construct a link between safety management and safety assessment, propose some suggestions for safety assessment, guide the safety management by safety assessment, treat the safety management as the databases for safety assessment.