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SEM micrographs testified that PAFC-CPAM formed compact net structure which is different from PAFC and CPAM, resulting to its outstanding coagulation performance other than monomeric coagulant in treating oily wastewater.
Fig.3 (c) depicted CPAM on surface of PAFC that had changed PAFC crystal structure.
As can be seen from Fig.3(c), the surface structure of PAFC-CPAM came out many clumps that resembled many flowers.
From Fig.3 (d), it can be seen that every clump possessed the compact extent of net structure, which is more favorable to coagulate colloidal particles and form bridge-aggregation among flocs when compared with the branched structure [9].
SEM micrographs confirmed that PAFC-CPAM formed a new crystal structure that is different from (2) PAFC and CPAM; the compact net structure could strengthen its adsorption bridging ability and entrapment ability in treating oily wastewater

The co-structure-directing agent (CSDA), γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), was from Alfa.
The two broad peaks indicate that the pores of the materials are not in the same level, but the structures are regular [12].
From the XRD results, it can be determined that the samples are mesoporous and the structures are uniform.
This indicates that impreganation with silver ions does not change the pore structure significantly, but only modifies the surface chemistry of AMS-2.
From the nitrogen isotherms, the structure parameters of the samples including the BET surface area and pore volume were calculated.

It is pointed out that efficient prevention of “plastics distortion and cracking” as well as control of “internal structure and defects” are currently the two “bottle–neck” obstacles challenging the further development and industrial applications of the revolutionary advanced manufacturing technology.
The phenomenon such as physics, chemistry, mechanics and so on is extremely complex in plastic laser welding process, and technical difficulty is quite large.
Firstly, the evolution law of the “thermal stress” under the action of intense laser thermal cycle and the relationship between laser welding process conditions and the plastic structure should be taken into consideration.
Secondly, the evolution law of “structural stress” in Intense heat diffusion and cooling material and the relationship between laser welding process conditions and the plastic structure should be researched.
Thirdly, the mechanism of “solidification shrinkage stress” and the relationship between laser welding process conditions and the plastic structure also should be regarded.

Because of the interesting structure, the as prepared carbon@SnO2@carbon hollow spheres deliver a reversible capacity of 492 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles at a high current density of 400 mA g-1.
The well-known method is to prepare loose structured materials, for example, nanotubes, [24] nanosheets, [13] hollow spheres, [1, 12, 16, 25] mesoporous [26] nanostructures et al.
Importantly, the structure of the carbon@SnO2@carbon spheres can be well preserved after the removal of the SPS sphere template.
From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Fig.1B), it is obvious that the microspheres have a core-shell structure with a large cavity and the thickness of the shell is about 40 nm.
The crystal structure of the SnO2 hollow microspheres is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), as shown in Fig. 4A, curve I.

It can be concluded from Fig. 5 that NSC and HSC represent similar trend in pore structure development.
Fig.5 also demonstrates the vast difference of NSC and HSC in pore structure.
This indicates that the HSC has better pore structure to gain higher strength from the beginning.
The ρ(t)-t curves, in this way, represents the change of the pore structure during cement hydration.
Chiang: Materials Chemistry and Physics, 93(2005), 202-207 [5] H.

The crystalline structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, D8 Advance, Bruker AXS, USA).
The CuHCF material exhibited sharp peaks at 2Ɵ values in the range of 17°–40° corresponding to its cubic crystalline structure of a face-centered cubic (FCC) arrangement [10], while g-C3N4-urea showed distinct peaks at 2Ɵ values of 13.3° and 27.4° indicative of its layered structure [11].
The absence of new peaks or significant shifts in diffraction patterns suggests successful integration without altering the individual crystal structures.
CuHCF exhibited a moderate surface area due to its microporous crystalline structure, while g-C3N4-urea displayed a high specific surface area with mesoporous characteristics typical of its layered structure.
Deng: Journal of Chemistry (2021), p. 1-9.

The structural property is investigated by X-ray diffraction study, which reveals cubic spinel structure of copper ferrite NPs with average crystalline size of 20 nm.
Copper ferrite occurs naturally in two crystallographic spinel structures: the high-temperature cubic phase (c-CuFe2O4), and the low-temperature tetragonal phase (t-CuFe2O4).
The relative intensities of diffraction peaks and positions of 2θ in the XRD pattern of CF are in agreement with the spinel structure with the cubic symmetry having space group Fd3m.
Mondal, M.Kundu, S.P.Mandal, R.Saha, U.K.Roy, A.Roychowdhury, D.Das, Sonochemically synthesized spin canted copper ferrite nanoparticles for heterogeneous green catalytic click chemistry, Acs Omega.4 (2019) 13845-13852
Bak, Relation between physical structure and electrical properties of diamond-like carbon thin films,Diam.Relat.

The utilization efficiency of RuO2 is intensively improved by introducing a novel electrode substrate with a nanotube array structure.
XRD measurement was conducted to investigate the crystal structure of electrode substrate and asprepared composite samples.
It indicates that RuO2 prepared by the cathodic deposition & CV electro-oxidation process and heating post-process still possesses an amorphous phase structure.
Generally, the electrodeposited RuOx·nH2O with a morphous structure can be mainly converted to crystalline RuO2 after annealing treatment only above 200℃ for 2 hours in air [6].
In this study, a heating treatment at 150℃ was carried out to minimize the content of ruthenium a b c d crystals and meanwhile keep an amorphous structure of RuO2.

E-06071 Badajoz (SPAIN) 2 Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry.
In 1971 the Spanish firm Porex Hispania registered a patent for the use of EPS as a material for lightening concrete structures.
Only fire, concentrated acids and some organic solvents may deteriorate the polymeric structure of EPS [3].

Novel and Efficient Co-Mo/V2O5 Composite Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane Hua Song1, a, Zaisun Jin2, b, Qiang Lv2, c and Ming Guan1, d 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China 2Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China asonghua2004@sina.con, bzaishun5@126.com, c543118587@qq.com, dgmkybs@163.com Keywords: Co-Mo/V2O5 catalyst; immersion method; hydrogen peroxide; cyclohexane; oxidation Abstract.
V2O5 crystallizes in a simple orthorhombic structure with space group Pmmn.
The layered structure of V2O5 makes it much favorable for water molecule, organic molecules and metallic ion insertion and extraction.