Search results

This material length scale may be defined, for example, as [1]: l* » c d2/b = c/(br) , (3) where c is a non-dimensional constant, d (m) is the mean spacing between dislocations, b (m) is the Burgers vector, and r (m–2) is the average density of dislocations, calculated as the number of dislocation lines crossing a unit area or as the total length of dislocation lines in a certain volume, divided by this volume.
Ceramics contains weak places from manufacture (broken crystalline grains, cracks from machining or polishing, etc.).

Both the number and the size of defects decrease when the step-size reduces.
The improvement of surface hardness can be attributed to the combination of grain refinement, work hardening [16] and microstructure change [18].

Introduction Open cell ceramic foam filters are utilized in metal melt filtration processes to enhance the quality of the cast product by reducing the number of non-metallic inclusions.
Material and Experiments The material investigated within this study is a carbon bonded alumina (Al2O3-C) with a fine grained microstructure.

In addition, the decrease of optical band gap is attributed to not only lattice parameter and nano-crystal effect but also the influence of various factors such as grain size, carrier concentration, deviation from the stoichiometry and lattice strain Fig. 3 FE-SEM micrograph of FZO nanoparticles with various F doping content from 1 wt.% , 3 wt.% and 5 wt.% calcined at 500 °C (A, B and C) and 700 °C (D, E and F).
Article number 2085 (2013)

The aim of current research is optimization of SLM process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed [3], or powder grain size [4].
Based on the above assumptions and the relatively low number of the SLM specimens, the AE measurements was carried only at several stress levels.

COD concentration of small liquor brewing industry wastewater distillation pot of water up to 8 × 104~1.2×106mg/L, steaming pot of water COD grain up to 7 × 10³ ~ 7 × 104mg/L, two wastewater 1:5 after mixing, the COD concentration of 89751~10476mg/L.Low operating cost iron microelectrolysis having good effect, long life and other advantages , is widely used in printing and dyeing, slaughter , alcohol and other wastewater treatment[3-6] .
Fe2+, Fe3+ can also be a number of inorganic reaction precipitate, such as S2-, etc.

To increase their strength, these steels make full use of such measures as grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening or dislocation strengthening and so on.
The number of parameters affecting the quality of products is not only so many, but the analysis and control of residual stress is very difficult.

Table.1 Simple data type mapping EXPRESS XML-Schema (INTEGER) INTEGER (STRING) STRING (BOOLEAN) ENUMERATION(TRUE, FALSE) (LOGICAL) ENUMERATION(TRUE,FALSE,UNKNOWN) (REAL) REAL (BINARY) BINARY (NUMBER) REAL XML to STEP model Data transition is the important problem for the platform.
The fine grained XML database is applied for the system, which guarantees the system going well.Fig.6 and Fig.7 is the interface of system.

Diffusion coefficients of silicon and chromium Number of sample (t[°C], t[h]) 1015DSi [cm 2/s] 1015DCr [cm 2/s] sample 1 (500°C, 860h) 1.7 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.7 sample 2 (550°C, 529h) 4.4 ± 1.6 5.6 ± 1.0 sample 3 (600°C, 383h) 10.1 ± 5.8 5.3 ± 1.9 sample 4 (650°C, 80h) 98.3 ± 20.5 111.4 ± 31.8 sample 5 (700°C, 49h) 484.4 ± 68.8 1370.2 ± 1350.0 sample 6 (750°C, 7h) 1548.0 ± 300.0 395.3 ± 120.0 sample 7 (800°C, 30h) 44.7± 33.6 101.9 ± 23.3 sample 8 (850°C, 16h) 1219.0 ± 312.0 1593.2 ± 304.0 sample 9 (900°C, 8h) 2155.8 ± 306.0 3015.8 ± 426.0 sample 10 (950°C, 4h) 6585.6 ± 662.0 10876.0 ± 1180.0 sample 11 (1000°C, 2h) 17797.0 ± 1880.0 16875.0 ± 1940.0 x measured concentration _____ calculated concentration _ . _ . _ corrected weld position Figs. 2, 3 present as examples the segment of transition zone with distinct redistribution of elements.
Large scatter of experimental data is very likely due mainly to accompanying processes - different diffusion rates in crystal and along grain boundaries, forming of intermatallic compounds [6-9], segregation, changing activities of components.

For this value of the nitriding potential, the compound layer which has a thickness of 2 mµ is formed on top of the diffusion zone where dense and fine precipitates of γ' iron nitrides are present inside the ferrite grains.
If this limit is exceeded, the compound layer (γ' iron nitride) forms Acknowledgements This work was carried out in the framework of CNEPRU project under code number J0300220070045 of the Algerian ministry of high education and scientific research.