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Besides modifying the eutectic silicon, it can form a fine dispersion of coherent intermetallic compounds which strengthen the grain boundaries, increasing the strength o f the Al-Si alloys at elevated temperatures.
Acknowledgements This research is funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Vot number 1422, Ministry of Education.

Simulations of thermal cycles are described by mathematical relations and complex analytical functions [3, 4 and 5], and they have a number of specific parameters such as: - Peak temperature, Tv in °C - Cooling time from 800°C to 500°C, t8/5 in s - Heating and cooling rate Experimental procedure The material tested in this study is a 22 mm thick plate of the steel P355NH.
Farbas N., Kurtag A., - Simulation of thermal cycles in steel welding, 1, 3 MoDV, Machine Construction, no. 9, Bucharest, 1978 (in Romanian) [5] Pascu D.R. – The influence of structural factors on the technological characteristics and mechanical properties of low alloyed construction steel subjected to post-welding heat treatments, PhD Thesis, 1983 [6] SR EN 10028-3 – Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes – Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized

The plastic part of velocity gradient is the sum of the slip deformation of all slip and twinning systems as . (2) Here and are the slip/twin plane normal and slip/twin direction vectors, respectively, is the shear strain rate, and is the number of slip and twinning systems.
A typical rolling texture of magnesium [8], in which the c-axes of the crystal grains inclined almost parallel to the normal direction to the specimen, is used.

Force was applied to a SE(B) specimen until unstable brittle fracture occurred in the transition temperature region in order to obtain the value of cJ , which was then converted to CJK ( :, EEJK cJC ⋅= elastic modulus).When the number of valid CJK data measured at the same test temperature is more than six, the reference temperature ( oT ) was determined.
QLT treatment lowers the ductile brittle transition essentially by refining the grain size of the alloy through precipitation of thermally stable austenite in a dense distribution along the boundaries of prior martenite laths, hence destroying the crystallographic alignment of martensite packets and preventing cooperative cleavage[5] .

A number of different metals and metal oxide nanoparticles have so far been encapsulated into the shell of conducting polymers, giving rise to a host of composites [5–6].
As the CeO2 concentration increases, the compactness of the sample increases causing coupling through the grain boundaries to become stronger which could enhance the conductivity.

We screened a number of plant pigments and Gardenia jasminoides has been chosen as the object of study.
The grain size distribution of nano-TiO2 nano particles is uniform.

The introduction Jilin province is a Chinese herbal medicine planting and production big province,has rich resources of Chinese herbal medicines.The province has a total of nearly 2800 kinds of medicinal biological resources with ginseng,American ginseng,deer,and as a byproduct of Chinese herbal medicine with green,famous and renowned at home and abroad[1].In the research and production of long-term practice,the agricultural science and technology personnel and agricultural production managers for ginseng production,management has made a number of achievements in scientific research,and has accumulated rich experience,but because ginseng production scale in our country is not a,and high dispersion,high levels of agricultural experts,agricultural scientific and cultural quality.The relatively low,dissemination of science and technology is relatively slow,the cultivation and management of ginseng are the problems to be solved.Especially with the development of information technology and
flower production efficiency Ginseng tissue and cell culture morphological characteristics biological characteristics anatomic characteristics Seed growth characteristics and sprouting technology Humus soil cultivated ginseng Forests cultivated ginseng growing environment developmental condition Ginseng cultivation with TV overall design and content Ginseng origin test biological characteristics developmental condition Seed selection and breeding, cultivation techniques diseaseand insect pest prevention Harvesting and processing And storage disease control pest control Pest control integrated control Pesticide use The ginseng of harvest Ginseng processing technology Ginseng storage and safekeeping Fig. 1 Ginseng production television produced the contents and steps ）所示》 Fig5.Seedling transplanting refs Fig7.Ginseng flowerin flower Fig6.Ginseng growth period Fig4.Ginseng seedling Fig3.The mergence of ginseng Fig2.Ginseng dry grain

The diffraction profiles reveal that all the Sm-doped BiVO4 powders are well-crystallized and the broad diffraction peaks imply that the crystalline grains are on nanoscale.
The high-magnification SEM image shown inset in Fig. 2b reveals that the peanut-like nanostructures composed of a large number of nanoparticles and with porous structure.

A number of researchers have used the ESEM with a heating stage to carry out in situ studies of dynamic processes in metallic systems at high temperatures [2-4].
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 2 (a) shows phases at the grain boundaries.

For the analysis of sand movement to randomly selected from three grain of sand as the research object, numbers for No. 1, No. 2, No. 3.