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Online since: January 2005
Authors: Chang Chun Ge, Fei Wang, Wei Ping Shen
Several fabrication methods have been developed for the
synthesis of silicon nitride powders including direct nitridation of silicon powder, carbothermic
reduction of silicon dioxide, silicon imide synthesis and decomposition as well as combustion
synthesis (CS) with outstanding advantages such as low energy consumption, simplicity of
equipment, high efficiency and purity of products.
Based on our experimental data, the minimum initiation pressure Pcri is generally lower than or equal to the minimum propagation pressure Pcrp.
It is worth noting that these three critical pressure values are only experimental data and they depend greatly on the experimental parameters such as the reactant properties, the inert and active diluents, the external ignition energy and the nitrogen purity, etc.
Based on our experimental data, the minimum initiation pressure Pcri is generally lower than or equal to the minimum propagation pressure Pcrp.
It is worth noting that these three critical pressure values are only experimental data and they depend greatly on the experimental parameters such as the reactant properties, the inert and active diluents, the external ignition energy and the nitrogen purity, etc.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Kinga Kościewicz, Katarzyna Racka, Miroslaw Piersa, Jerzy Krupka, Rafał Jakieła, Krzysztof Grasza, Emil Tymicki, Tadeusz Łukasiewicz, Ryszard Diduszko, Paweł Skupiński, Dominika Teklińska
Nitrogen doping changes the surface energy and morphology by a reduction of the height and width of crystallization steps.
Nitrogen concentration taken from SIMS data was: 2 x 1018 cm-3 for undoped SiC, 1 x 1019 cm-3 for SiC:N (3 vol.%) and 2 x 1019 cm-3 for SiC:N (10 vol.%).
By comparison of our electron Hall mobilities with data reported by Iwata et al. [12] one can expect in our samples charge compensation effects with the compensation ratio above 0.6.
Nitrogen concentration taken from SIMS data was: 2 x 1018 cm-3 for undoped SiC, 1 x 1019 cm-3 for SiC:N (3 vol.%) and 2 x 1019 cm-3 for SiC:N (10 vol.%).
By comparison of our electron Hall mobilities with data reported by Iwata et al. [12] one can expect in our samples charge compensation effects with the compensation ratio above 0.6.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhong Wei Sun
Introduction
The utility industry across the world is trying to address numerous challenges that occur in exsiting electrical grid, including generation diversification, optimal deployment of expensive assets, demand response, energy conservation, and reduction of the industry’s overall carbon footprint.
NANs connect smart meters to local Data Aggregation Nodes (DANs) for AMI applications.
Fig.4 illustrates the possible types of connectivity using EPON communication network within AMI, where the tree topology is adopted for the EPON As shown in the Figure, smart meters (SMs) and the local Data Aggregation Nodes (DANs) are constructed using wireless connection, while the backhaul communication network connecting DAN with the utility’s backbone network is constructed using EPON, where the star topology is adopted.
NANs connect smart meters to local Data Aggregation Nodes (DANs) for AMI applications.
Fig.4 illustrates the possible types of connectivity using EPON communication network within AMI, where the tree topology is adopted for the EPON As shown in the Figure, smart meters (SMs) and the local Data Aggregation Nodes (DANs) are constructed using wireless connection, while the backhaul communication network connecting DAN with the utility’s backbone network is constructed using EPON, where the star topology is adopted.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: I. Wayan Sukania, Agustinus Purna Irawan
John Craig and Poonekar[1,2] recommends that the development of a prosthesis can refer to the local potential, the issue of the environment, go green, back to nature and reduction of hazardous waste.
Materials socket prosthesis which will be discussed in this study are composite materials, especially natural fiber composites begins with the gathering of data that support the use of composite materials in the design of the product.
The data fibers and treatment are carried out as shown in Table 1.
Materials socket prosthesis which will be discussed in this study are composite materials, especially natural fiber composites begins with the gathering of data that support the use of composite materials in the design of the product.
The data fibers and treatment are carried out as shown in Table 1.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Rui Hua
industry
Gross output value of the second industry
Gross output value of the third industry
Investment in fixed assets
The per capita GDP
Total retail sales of social consumer goods
With the social development adaptability evaluation index
The per capita net income of farmers
The total population
The level of urbanization
The industrial labor force
Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries labor force
The proportion of secondary industry employees
The proportion of the tertiary industry employees
The Engel's coefficient of rural residents
The Engel's coefficient of urban households
With the adaptability evaluation of the integrated transport
Highway passenger transport volume
Highway freight volume\
The ownership of Civilian car
The highway network density
highway construction and socio-economic development adaptability evaluation index selection
The meaning of the principal component analysis
Component analysis is a method of using the idea of dimension reduction
This paper uses Heilongjiang province each index correlation data, using the method of principal component analysis screening evaluation, by calculating the contribution rate of each principal component, the cumulative contribution rate, to determine the evaluation index is as follows.
Judgment matrix B1-X, judgment matrix satisfies the consistency, for a matrix AB: , from table 4-5, we know RI=0.58.So the matrix AB is consistency (3)In summary, the use of expert data obtained indicators weight: Freeway socioeconomic adaptability index weight: The economic development adaptability index weight: The development of the society for adaptability index weight: The comprehensive transportation adaptability index weights: This represents an expert weight set, the following need integrated each expert weight value, in order to get weight comprehensive priority vector
This paper uses Heilongjiang province each index correlation data, using the method of principal component analysis screening evaluation, by calculating the contribution rate of each principal component, the cumulative contribution rate, to determine the evaluation index is as follows.
Judgment matrix B1-X, judgment matrix satisfies the consistency, for a matrix AB: , from table 4-5, we know RI=0.58.So the matrix AB is consistency (3)In summary, the use of expert data obtained indicators weight: Freeway socioeconomic adaptability index weight: The economic development adaptability index weight: The development of the society for adaptability index weight: The comprehensive transportation adaptability index weights: This represents an expert weight set, the following need integrated each expert weight value, in order to get weight comprehensive priority vector
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Alton B. Horsfall, Nicolas G. Wright, Hassan Habib
At present, SiC devices are larger than those fabricated in Si and, hence, reduction of device dimensions and operating biases are key to achieve complex integrated circuitry capable of higher frequency, improved performance and increased functionality [3].
Although the data shows that the channel epitaxial layer thickness, tc, has the largest main effect on Vthn, the interaction effect of tc and tg is positive and so this indicates that tg is the dominant parameter in this analysis.
The data in Fig. 4 shows the dependence of VI with Vthn at 300, 600 and 1000K.
Although the data shows that the channel epitaxial layer thickness, tc, has the largest main effect on Vthn, the interaction effect of tc and tg is positive and so this indicates that tg is the dominant parameter in this analysis.
The data in Fig. 4 shows the dependence of VI with Vthn at 300, 600 and 1000K.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yu Qian Zhao, En Lin Yu, Dong Xiao Hou, Xue Tang
This is because with the increment of plug position, the rolled pieces is under resistance ahead of time, the perforating speed slows down and the rolling pitch decreases, while contact area between rolling in the top front and roll is reduced, which will lead to the reduction of rolling force.
We select cross-section of stable rolling area as a measurement section, respectively, measure three sets of data of the outer diameter, inner diameter and wall thickness, and measure the data of 10 points in each group.
We select cross-section of stable rolling area as a measurement section, respectively, measure three sets of data of the outer diameter, inner diameter and wall thickness, and measure the data of 10 points in each group.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Jia Xing Shen, Ying Hua Yu, Wen Song Ruan, Si Yu Chen
Fig.2 The experimental scheme Fig.3 The control system frame
The chatter signal got from the sensor convert into the electronic signal and input it into the charge amplifier, then send signal through charge amplifier amplification into the multifunctional data acquisition system and conduct conversion of A/D, then the converted signal could input the computer.
Through the fuzzy control system we designed and use the data acquisition system to carry out D/A conversion. the converted analog signals by the power amplifier, the magnetic fluid-foam metal damper applied electric field, the damper can provide corresponding controllable damping force control of machine tool chatter, thus suppressing the purpose of cutting chatter.
Subsystem block is the encapsulation figure of steerable damping force .The relationship between its amplitude and the electric current is as the formula(2).Subsystem 1 is the encapsulation figure of chatter reduction of figure 7.
Through the fuzzy control system we designed and use the data acquisition system to carry out D/A conversion. the converted analog signals by the power amplifier, the magnetic fluid-foam metal damper applied electric field, the damper can provide corresponding controllable damping force control of machine tool chatter, thus suppressing the purpose of cutting chatter.
Subsystem block is the encapsulation figure of steerable damping force .The relationship between its amplitude and the electric current is as the formula(2).Subsystem 1 is the encapsulation figure of chatter reduction of figure 7.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Hai Rong Cui, Bin Wang, Ming Li Sun, Feng Zhan, Shuang Lu
For example, magnetic liquids can play an important role as sealing device, sensor, drug targeting, and viscosity drag reduction.
Defining a magnetic vector potential A such that (4) Finally, by substitution in Eq. (1) through Eq. (3), arrive at the following vector equation to solve: (5) Simplifying to a 2D problem with perpendicular currents that are 0, this reduces to (6) An example magnetization curve is shown in Figure 2 where we present data for the pure magnetic fluid HM1#.
Magnetization curves can be approximated by simple two-parameter arctangent functions of the form [4] (7) Superimposed on the magnetization data of Figure 2 is an arctangent curve that can be used to model magnetic fluid magnetization.
Defining a magnetic vector potential A such that (4) Finally, by substitution in Eq. (1) through Eq. (3), arrive at the following vector equation to solve: (5) Simplifying to a 2D problem with perpendicular currents that are 0, this reduces to (6) An example magnetization curve is shown in Figure 2 where we present data for the pure magnetic fluid HM1#.
Magnetization curves can be approximated by simple two-parameter arctangent functions of the form [4] (7) Superimposed on the magnetization data of Figure 2 is an arctangent curve that can be used to model magnetic fluid magnetization.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Xian Zhang Feng, Li Ping Wang, Li Hong Yu, Zhi Qiang Jiang, Liang Ji Chen, Jing Li, Yan Mei Cui
The NC technology depend on the data carrier and data operations of the binary forms.[1-6]
Parsons Company first proposed the idea to control the machine by the digital pulse in the U.S, in 1948.There is the first 3 coordinate CN milling machines in 1952.
Heavy width reduction rolling technology of hot slabs.
Heavy width reduction rolling technology of hot slabs.