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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Giuliano Gillo
The registered data can be represented graphically as the force-displacement curve.
So the experimental stress-strain data are described by a power law relationship where K is equal to 387.6 MPa and n is 0.27.
The results of the numerical simulations evidence that: the punch axial force is directly proportional to the value of K (therefore, in figure 1b normalized force, load/K, has been introduced), material with a low value of n involve a greater punch force in order to obtain the same displacement of the bulge, moreover, such materials are more sensitive to variation of the friction coefficient (figure 1b), materials with low value of n (therefore materials with low formability) will achieve an earlier fracture point as the load achieves its maximum value earlier (figure 1b), the normalized thickness measured at the bulge apex of the specimen, in perfect lubrication condition is reduced mostly for materials with low values of n, on the contrary, by increasing the friction coefficient, the normalized thickness suffers a minor reduction and is independent from the value of n (figure 1c), the distance, d, measured between the thinning area and the lateral surface of the die is reduced quickly
So the experimental stress-strain data are described by a power law relationship where K is equal to 387.6 MPa and n is 0.27.
The results of the numerical simulations evidence that: the punch axial force is directly proportional to the value of K (therefore, in figure 1b normalized force, load/K, has been introduced), material with a low value of n involve a greater punch force in order to obtain the same displacement of the bulge, moreover, such materials are more sensitive to variation of the friction coefficient (figure 1b), materials with low value of n (therefore materials with low formability) will achieve an earlier fracture point as the load achieves its maximum value earlier (figure 1b), the normalized thickness measured at the bulge apex of the specimen, in perfect lubrication condition is reduced mostly for materials with low values of n, on the contrary, by increasing the friction coefficient, the normalized thickness suffers a minor reduction and is independent from the value of n (figure 1c), the distance, d, measured between the thinning area and the lateral surface of the die is reduced quickly
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Mohd Nubli Zulkifli, Shahrum Abdullah, A. Jalar
The data that have been analysed throughout the nanoindentation tests are based on Oliver and Phar method [4].
This method determines the hardness and the reduced Young’s modulus from depth sensing indentation (DSI) load-displacement data.
This can be indicated from the reduction of BBT in experiment run 3 as shown in Fig. 2 (b) with value of 17.426 µm compared to the initial run with value of 19.427 µm.
This method determines the hardness and the reduced Young’s modulus from depth sensing indentation (DSI) load-displacement data.
This can be indicated from the reduction of BBT in experiment run 3 as shown in Fig. 2 (b) with value of 17.426 µm compared to the initial run with value of 19.427 µm.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Hong Yang, Zhe Yu Chen, Kun Yi Lv
We select basis function as followed:
, (14)
We calculated relationship between relative dielectric constant and frequency, depicted in Fig.3, where dashed line consists of data obtained through HFSS simulation, solid line consists of data calculated using the method presented in this article.
We observe from the aspect of fabrication process, it will not make great influence on the dispersion characteristic if the Si dielectric layer of A been made very thin; it will not make great influence on the dispersion characteristic if reductioning the process dimension of B.
We observe from the aspect of fabrication process, it will not make great influence on the dispersion characteristic if the Si dielectric layer of A been made very thin; it will not make great influence on the dispersion characteristic if reductioning the process dimension of B.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Gou Sheng Liu, Xian Zhi Duan
In addition, phosphorus pentoxide, which is produced from yellow phosphor ore by a dry process, has an industrial disadvantage that this high-temperature reduction consumes a large quantity of energy and yields large quantities of industrial wastes as by-products.
Fig. 1 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 0.5ml/min Fig. 2 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 1.0 ml/min Fig. 3 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 1.5 ml/min Fig. 4 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 2.0 ml/min By comparison of the XRD patterns as shown in Fig.1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and data listed in table 1, it was found that when ammonia speed was 0.5ml/min, the characteristic peaks of crystalline form II at 2θ/º(14.64º,15.47º,20.07º,22.11º,29.11º,30.56º,32.72º,36.50º)was occurred, meaning ammonia speed of 0.5ml/min was suitable for preparation of ammonium polyphosphate with crystalline form II.
Table 1 XRD comparison of products and V-APP/II in literature Ammonia speed 1.5mL/min Ammonia speed 2.0 mL/min Ammonia speed 2.5mL/min d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% 6.85 12.90 21.5 6.80 12.99 36.1 6.85 12.90 27.9 5.71 15.50 100 5.56 15.9 100 5.60 15.80 100 5.61 15.77 65.1 3.65 24.3 36.2 5.30 16.70 17.2 3.42 26.02 37.4 3.40 26.13 51.7 3.67 24.20 29.6 3.07 29.04 24.0 2.80 31.90 25.0 3.41 26.04 48.4 Ammonia speed 0.5mL/min Ammonia speed 1.0mL/min II-APP standard value d/Å d/Å d/Å d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% 6.01 14.71 6.01 6.83 12.90 27.9 6.06 14.69 55 5.69 15.54 5.69 5.60 15.80 100 5.70 15.52 100 3.47 25.64 3.47 3.67 16.70 17.2 3.37 26.09 37 3.41 26.08 3.41 3.41 24.20 29.6 3.08 29.14 45 3.05 29.16 3.05 2.80 26.04 48.4 2.93 30.59 25 By comparison of d/Å, 2θ/º and I/%, as shown in table 2, it was found that, in all of the 8 characteristic peaks, most of the data were in good agreement with crystalline form II, meaning low ammonia speed was suitable for preparation of ammonium polyphosphate
Fig. 1 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 0.5ml/min Fig. 2 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 1.0 ml/min Fig. 3 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 1.5 ml/min Fig. 4 XRD spectra of Pass ammonia 2.0 ml/min By comparison of the XRD patterns as shown in Fig.1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and data listed in table 1, it was found that when ammonia speed was 0.5ml/min, the characteristic peaks of crystalline form II at 2θ/º(14.64º,15.47º,20.07º,22.11º,29.11º,30.56º,32.72º,36.50º)was occurred, meaning ammonia speed of 0.5ml/min was suitable for preparation of ammonium polyphosphate with crystalline form II.
Table 1 XRD comparison of products and V-APP/II in literature Ammonia speed 1.5mL/min Ammonia speed 2.0 mL/min Ammonia speed 2.5mL/min d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% 6.85 12.90 21.5 6.80 12.99 36.1 6.85 12.90 27.9 5.71 15.50 100 5.56 15.9 100 5.60 15.80 100 5.61 15.77 65.1 3.65 24.3 36.2 5.30 16.70 17.2 3.42 26.02 37.4 3.40 26.13 51.7 3.67 24.20 29.6 3.07 29.04 24.0 2.80 31.90 25.0 3.41 26.04 48.4 Ammonia speed 0.5mL/min Ammonia speed 1.0mL/min II-APP standard value d/Å d/Å d/Å d/Å 2θ/º I/% d/Å 2θ/º I/% 6.01 14.71 6.01 6.83 12.90 27.9 6.06 14.69 55 5.69 15.54 5.69 5.60 15.80 100 5.70 15.52 100 3.47 25.64 3.47 3.67 16.70 17.2 3.37 26.09 37 3.41 26.08 3.41 3.41 24.20 29.6 3.08 29.14 45 3.05 29.16 3.05 2.80 26.04 48.4 2.93 30.59 25 By comparison of d/Å, 2θ/º and I/%, as shown in table 2, it was found that, in all of the 8 characteristic peaks, most of the data were in good agreement with crystalline form II, meaning low ammonia speed was suitable for preparation of ammonium polyphosphate
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Wei Jun Yang, Hai Dian Zhang, Ning Guo
Fig.6 The principal tensile stress of the model 2
(set the sill ring beam)
Fig.5 The principal tensile stress of the model 1
(no sill ring beam)
By contrasting the data in the graph and in the models, results are shown in the following Table 2.
Table.2 Data contrast Model With/ Without Ring beam Ring beam size Reinforcement ratio of the ring beam The tensile stress on the wall above the sill The tensile stress on the wall under the sill Model 1 NO Model 2 YES 240mm×100mm 1.0% Reduced 13.0% than model 1 Reduced 21.0% than model 1 Model 3 YES 240mm×100mm 3.0% Reduced 15.0% than model 1 Reduced 24.0% than model 1 From the calculation results, under temperature load, the tensile stress is greater at the joint of roof and wall and decreases gradually downwards.
Sill ring beam reinforcement ratio should be controlled within 1.0% as the continuing increase of the reinforcement ratio helps little with the reduction of the temperature stress.
Table.2 Data contrast Model With/ Without Ring beam Ring beam size Reinforcement ratio of the ring beam The tensile stress on the wall above the sill The tensile stress on the wall under the sill Model 1 NO Model 2 YES 240mm×100mm 1.0% Reduced 13.0% than model 1 Reduced 21.0% than model 1 Model 3 YES 240mm×100mm 3.0% Reduced 15.0% than model 1 Reduced 24.0% than model 1 From the calculation results, under temperature load, the tensile stress is greater at the joint of roof and wall and decreases gradually downwards.
Sill ring beam reinforcement ratio should be controlled within 1.0% as the continuing increase of the reinforcement ratio helps little with the reduction of the temperature stress.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Jian Gang Yi
From the base of the production line balance, with continuous optimization, costs reduction, quality and service improvement, enterprises should gradually enhance the competitiveness, thereby occupy a space in international market competition [3].
Table 1 The Data before Optimization No.
Name Waste time (s) 1 Fold page 2.5 2 Bundle 4.6 3 Arrange books 3.8 4 Bind 3.4 5 Fold port 3.9 6 Cut books 4.1 7 Check 4.7 8 Pack 4.2 Table 2 The Data after Optimization No.
Table 1 The Data before Optimization No.
Name Waste time (s) 1 Fold page 2.5 2 Bundle 4.6 3 Arrange books 3.8 4 Bind 3.4 5 Fold port 3.9 6 Cut books 4.1 7 Check 4.7 8 Pack 4.2 Table 2 The Data after Optimization No.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Ming Gao, Fa Chao Wu
Meanwhile, heat release is distributed between two broad peaks covering a wide area, resulting in a major reduction in rate of heat release.
These data suggest that the combustibility of the treated cellulose is decreased.
Analytical data for cellulose and cellulose treated with flame-retardant.
These data suggest that the combustibility of the treated cellulose is decreased.
Analytical data for cellulose and cellulose treated with flame-retardant.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Mahdi Maarefdoust
Tables 1, 2 show the software’s input data, including type of press, materials of piecework and die.
The characteristics of used crank press [3] Crank radius(R) Rod length(L) Revolution 70(mm) 520(mm) 90(rpm) Table 2 The used input data [3] Billet Material Die Material Die Temperature Press kind Ambient Temperature Din 1.1191 Din 1.2765 Crankshaft press Crank press is used for analyzing this piece, and coefficient of friction is considered to be 0.3.
The simulation of forging process was performed in three stages, in the first stage the height reduction process was applied to the work piece and in the second and third stage the final forming was performed.
The characteristics of used crank press [3] Crank radius(R) Rod length(L) Revolution 70(mm) 520(mm) 90(rpm) Table 2 The used input data [3] Billet Material Die Material Die Temperature Press kind Ambient Temperature Din 1.1191 Din 1.2765 Crankshaft press Crank press is used for analyzing this piece, and coefficient of friction is considered to be 0.3.
The simulation of forging process was performed in three stages, in the first stage the height reduction process was applied to the work piece and in the second and third stage the final forming was performed.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jin Chen, Zhong Qi Dong, Jun Suo Li
Introduction
As a result of CSP production line single reduction ratio, rolling load in high technology characteristics, leading to the traditional roll material existing in the use of the poor wear resistance, fracture, Work Roll Spalling of roll surface and the ability of accident prevention is low problem [1-3].
Through a comprehensive statistical analysis of CSP production line of work roll after the roll surface roughness, the temperature of the roll surface, roll wear, the production process as well as the roll microstructure analysis data, discover the cause of work roll wear resistance and anti accident ability low main reason and roll carbide morphology and alloy content.
The experimental data show that, due to the high speed steel special microstructure, the friction coefficient high chromium material increased (about 3%-5%).
Through a comprehensive statistical analysis of CSP production line of work roll after the roll surface roughness, the temperature of the roll surface, roll wear, the production process as well as the roll microstructure analysis data, discover the cause of work roll wear resistance and anti accident ability low main reason and roll carbide morphology and alloy content.
The experimental data show that, due to the high speed steel special microstructure, the friction coefficient high chromium material increased (about 3%-5%).
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Zhao Hui Huang, Zhen Ya Chen
However, usually, the underground condition is always complicated; data of density logging is highly affected by environment like the gap between instruments and the wall, the nature and gravity of mud, mud cake, debris, mud invasion, etc.
In MCNP, the neutron energy range is from 10MeV to 20MeV, photon and electron energy range is from 1KeV to 1000MeV, as well, the program using a unique surface geometry combination and point section data.
Establish variance reduction methods to minimize consuming machine time. 2.
In MCNP, the neutron energy range is from 10MeV to 20MeV, photon and electron energy range is from 1KeV to 1000MeV, as well, the program using a unique surface geometry combination and point section data.
Establish variance reduction methods to minimize consuming machine time. 2.