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Since the content of the embedded chromophore has to be low to prevent the formation of aggregates, the resulting modulation of the refractive index of the substrate is limited even starting from optimized chemical structures.
The polymer was characterized using different techniques (UV-vis-NIR, IR, NMR) to confirm the chemical structure and to determine the photochromic properties (see the Result and Discussion section).
M.; Tomasulo, M., Chemistry - A European Journal 2006, 12, (12), 3186-3193

The microstructures of the ceramic slippery surface were composed of pine needle structures with 85~350 μm length and 15~20 μm width (Figure 2(b2, b3)).
Jiang, Effect of Lubricant Viscosity On the Self-Healing Properties and Electrically Driven Sliding of Droplets On Anisotropic Slippery Surfaces, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A. 6 (8) (2018) 3414-3421
Lei, Hierarchically Structured Porous Aluminum Surfaces for High-Efficient Removal of Condensed Water, Soft Matter. 8 (25) (2012) 6680-6683

For that reason it is necessary to resort to the addition of one or more metals to base element to change its crystalline structure and thus their physical and chemical properties.
This is because the hardness of the interstitial carbonitrides that is in the crystal structure of these quaternary coatings.
Amaya: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol 71 (2010), p. 1754

NR latex film filled with 10 pphr SAF produced knotty tear In knotty tearing, the crack deviated almost perpendicularly from the intended crack path as a consequence of a development of highly oriented strengthening structures around the crack tip [7].
Hashim, "Changes in the micro-structure and tensile properties of peroxide prevulcanised natural rubber latex films during thermal oxidative ageing," Journal of Rubber Research, vol. 10, pp. 222-234, 2007
Gent, "A new constitutive relation for rubber," Rubber chemistry and technology, vol. 69, pp. 59-61, 1996

To fully exploit the properties of CNTs, effective purification is needed to remove the by-products of synthesis process (undesired carbonaceous phases, metal catalyst and eventual catalyst support) maintaining as far as possible the original structure and length of CNTs.
Results and discussion Morphological features (Fig.1a) and structural analysis (Fig.1b) have shown that the catalyst is composed of micro-agglomerates of nanoparticles of Al2-2xFe2xO3 solid solution as similarly reported in literature [14-16], whose mean grains size is about 10 nm, as valuated using the Scherrer equation [13]), The structure is rhombohedral of the type Fe2O3 where few Al atoms replace Fe atoms because of the slight difference between the lattice parameters of the solid solution and the iron oxide.
Rao: Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol.3(5) (1993), p. 513 [17] Y.

Table 1 Social functions of affordable housing project Social functions First level indicators Second level indicators The connotations of indicators Socio- environmental function Social stability Good mutual adaptability and harmonious relationship Education Educational resources with good quality, high degree of universal education and self-improvement Science and technology and culture Advanced scientific technological and cultural impact, self-improvement Employment More employment opportunities, self-development Sense of happiness Strong independence, confidence and self-respect, active involvement into the society Socio- economical function Residents’ income Stable employment, stable income Economic resources Stable labor input restructuring Improved ability to consume and improved professional quality of laborers Economical growth consuming structure, industrial vitality and economical resources Analyzing the cost of “public payment” of the affordable housing.
The layout of affordable houses is unreasonably designed and the external supporting facilities and conditions relatively lag behind such as transportation and shopping; the living function is hampered due to the rashly-designed programs and the inappropriate internal spatial structure; the unsatisfactory quality of the construction has elevated the professional and living cost of the new urban residents and thus the new residents are prevented from obtaining employment, which may lead to two extremes, namely, those who become rich at first and have superfluous capital are anxious to invest and make more money, while the “labor shortage” is becoming worse and worse.
[2] Guo Xianfang, Engineering Economic Analysis [M], Beijing: Chemistry Industry Press, 2008.1, p16-17.In Chinese

GMA was purchased from Taian Chemical Trading Company, Shangdong, and styrene from Tianjing Fine Chemistry Institute.
The ratio with respect to the number of GMA graft sequences per POE units (e.g. per a given number of carbons in the polymer backbone, or per number of repeat units of POE), was calculated based on integration of the intensity of the 1H NMR peaks as follows: each of the two components of the grafted GMA structure, the epoxide and methacrylate, has 5 protons with the 1H NMR peaks of the epoxide components (protons 5, 6 and 7) being completely resolved at 4.3, 3.8, 3.2, 2.8 and 2.6 ppm.
The new peaks were due to methylene protons, which come from the epoxide components of grafted GMA structure.

The chemistry of the alloy is presented in table 1.
The metal in the center of the extrusion flows relatively freely while the metal in the periphery is more constrained. [6-7] Table 2: ISP dimensions Measurement Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Web (1) 8,9 1,9 Stiffener base (2) 5,0 2,9 Stiffener web (3) 3,6 1,7 Stiffener cap (4) 5,0 1,7 Fig. 3: Grains boundaries (light grey) and subgrains boundaries (black) analysed by EBSD The longitudinal structure of the cylindrical extrusion at the center that can be seen in figure 3 is composed mostly of unrecrystallized elongated grains with subgrains.
Singh, Effect of Zr content and mechanical working on the structure and tensile properties of AA8090 alloy plates.

Study on Spectroscopic and Dyeing Characteristics of Curcumin on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fabrics Vorabodee Sriumaroum1,2,a, Sarit Liprapan1,b, Benjawan Siriphet1,c, Jantip Suesat1,2,d and Potjanart Suwanruji3,e 1Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Bangkok, 10900 Thailand 2Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok, 10900 Thailand avorabodee@yahoo.co.th, bL_sarit@yahoo.co.th, csiri_benjawan@yahoo.co.th, dJantip.s@ku.ac.th, efscipjs@ku.ac.th Keywords: Curcumin, polyester, poly(lactic acid), dyeing, natural dye, solvatochromism Abstract.
The structure of curcumin is illustrated in Figure 1.
Chemical structure of curcumin. a) Keto form; b) Enol form Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a natural resource-based polyester obtained from the polymerization of lactic acid.

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Cu, P-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles Meiru Xu a, Gang Ni* b and Fang Zhao c College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China a meiruxu@126.com, b*Corresponding author nigang@nxu.edu.cn, czfwalnut_521@163.com Keywords: Cu, P-codoped, Photocatalytic activity, Sol–gel processes, Degradation pollutant.
It is supposed that the copper and phosphrus elements are incorporated into the structures of titania and replaced titanium ion or located at an interstitial site.
These results confirm that Ti, O, P and Cu exist in the catalyst structure.