Purification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Thermal CVD on Fe-Based Catalyst

Abstract:

Aiming at the purpose of using carbon nanotubes as secondary phase in composite materials, removal of metal catalyst, catalyst support and amorphous carbon is crucial to make the most of the required properties. A purification method was developed to remove the metal catalyst from multi-walled nanotubes grown by thermal CVD. A nanosized Fe-based catalyst, prepared by coprecipitation of iron and aluminum ions, followed by solid state reaction, was used to catalyze the growth. Carbon nanotubes were subjected to acid purification and a comparison between nitric acid and a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid for the removal of Fe and Fe oxides is provided. Morphological and spectroscopic analyses of the materials were performed, both before and after the purification processes.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 48)
• Pages: 50-54
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.48.50
• Online since: October 2006
• Authors: Th. Dikonimos Makris, L. Giorgi, R. Giorgi, Nicola Lisi, Elena Salernitano, Vittoria Contini
• Keywords: Acid Treatment, Carbon Nanotube (CN), Catalyst, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Composite

References

[1] E.T. Thostenson, Z. Ren and T.W. Chou: Composites Science and Technology Vol. 61 (2001), p.1809.

[2] K.T. Lau and D. Hui: Composites: Part B Vol. 33 (2002), p.263.

[3] O. Breuer and U. Sundararaj: Polymer Composites Vol. 25 (2004).

[4] A. Fonseca, K. Hernadi, J.B. Nagy, D. Bernaerts and A.A. Lucas: J. Mol. Catal. Vol. 107 (1996), p.159.

[5] X.C. Chen, C.S. Chen, Q. Chen, F.Q. Cheng, G. Zhang and Z.Z. Chen: Materials Letters Vol. 57 (2002), p.734.

[6] K. Hernadi, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, D. Bernaerts, J. Riga and A. Lucas: Synthetic Metals Vol. 77 (1996), p.31.

DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(96)80051-8

[7] J-F. Colomer, P. Pierdigrosso, A. Fonseca and J.B. Nagy: Synthetic Metals Vol. 103 (1999), p.2482.

[8] A. Fonseca, K. Hernadi, P. Pierdigrosso, J.F. Colomer, K. Mukhopadhyay, R. Doome et al: Appl. Phys. A Vol. 67 (1998), p.11.

[9] S. Bandow, A.M. Rao, K.A. Williams, A. Thess, R.E. Smalley and P.C. Eklund: J. Phys. Chem. B Vol. 101(44) (1997), p.8839.

[10] K. Hernadi, A. Siska, L. Thiên-Nga, L. Forró and I. Kiricsi: Solid State Ionics Vol. 141-142 (2001), p.203.

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2738(01)00789-5

[11] Y.S. Park, Y.C. Choi, K.S. Kim, D-C. Chung, D.J. Bae, K.Y. An et al: Carbon Vol. 29 (2001), p.655.

[12] E. Salernitano, L. Giorgi, Th. Dikonimos Makris, R. Giorgi, N. Lisi, V. Contini and M. Falconieri: Carbon (2006) (submitted).

DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.12.038

[13] H.P. Klug and L.E. Alexander: X-Ray Diffraction Procedure (John Wiley & Sons, 1974, pp.687-90).

[14] A. Peigney, Ch. Laurent, O. Dumortier and A. Rousset: J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 18(14) (1998), p. (1995).

[15] P. Cognay, E. De Grave, R.E. Vandenberghe, A. Peigney and Ch. Laurent: Hyperfine Interactions Vol. 139-140 (2002), p.289.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1021239809363

[16] Ch. Laurent, A. Rousset, M. Verelst, K.R. Kannan, A.R. Rajn and C.N.R. Rao: Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol. 3(5) (1993), p.513.

[17] Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, S. Bandow, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi: Phys. Rev. B Vol. 48(3) (1993), p.1665.

[18] A.G. Rinzler, J. Liu, H. Dai, P. Nikolaev, C.B. Huffmann, F.J. Rodriguez-Macias, et al: Appl. Phys. A Vol. 67 (1998), p.29.

[19] A.A. Koós, Z.E. Horváth, Z. Osváth, L. Tapasztó, K. Niesz, Z. Kónya et al: Materials science and Engineering C Vol. 23 (2003), p.1007.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.106

[20] J.F. Moulder, W.F. Stickle, P.E. Sobol and KD. Bomben: Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (J. Chastain, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Physical Electronic Division, 1992).

[21] W.H. Lee, S.J. Kim, W.J. Lee, J.G. Lee, R.C. Haddon and P.J. Reucroft: Applied Surface Science Vol. 181 (2001), p.121.

[22] C-M. Yang, K. Kaneko, M. Yudasaka and S. Iijima: Physica B Vol. 323 (2002), p.140.

[23] T.I.T. Okpalugo, P. Papakonstantinou, H. Murphy, J. McLaughlin and N.M.D. Brown: Carbon Vol. 43 (2005), p.153.