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Online since: May 2010
Authors: Alexey V. Kiryanov
Experimental Investigations and Analysis of the Experimental Data
In the construction developed the mass center has been put as close as possible to the aerostatic
bearing's center of symmetry.
The processed results represented a data file on the each stroke's error on the scale observed remedied of the errors of the referent scale.
№ Producer, technology Diameter of Raster, D [mm] Error of Raster, ∆φ [seconds of arc] Instability Factor, F [µm] 1 CLWS-300(UOMP) 90 1,0 0,218 2 CLWS-300 (TDI SIE) 85 0,7 0,144 Through reducing the occasional distortions of the motion trajectory of the upper edge of the shaft of the aerostatic bearing one could reduce the instability factor F to the level of 0,144 micron that has resulted in the error reduction for small-scale AMS formations (≈ 85 mm diameter) up to less than 1".
The processed results represented a data file on the each stroke's error on the scale observed remedied of the errors of the referent scale.
№ Producer, technology Diameter of Raster, D [mm] Error of Raster, ∆φ [seconds of arc] Instability Factor, F [µm] 1 CLWS-300(UOMP) 90 1,0 0,218 2 CLWS-300 (TDI SIE) 85 0,7 0,144 Through reducing the occasional distortions of the motion trajectory of the upper edge of the shaft of the aerostatic bearing one could reduce the instability factor F to the level of 0,144 micron that has resulted in the error reduction for small-scale AMS formations (≈ 85 mm diameter) up to less than 1".
Online since: October 2006
Authors: V.M. Chumarev, V.P. Maryevich, V.A. Shashmurin
Macro mechanism of crystal alloys oxidations in the stationary mode can
be presented as consistently proceeding stages:
- transition of metal ions from an alloy through an alloy - oxysulphide products of interaction
interface;
- transporting of metal ions in the oxysulphide phase;
- reduction SO42 ions
on the oxysulphide - oxidizer melt an interface;
- removal of interaction products in to oxidizer melt volume.
(9) Еef value calculated in dependence of υо from Т, is close to the literary data on ion diffusion of iron in its oxide [4].
Values n = 23 × 1021 sm3 and Ds = 1.4 × 10-8 cm2 / s as a first approximation are accepted for 1173 К by the data [4] about the diffusion of iron ions in wustite.
(9) Еef value calculated in dependence of υо from Т, is close to the literary data on ion diffusion of iron in its oxide [4].
Values n = 23 × 1021 sm3 and Ds = 1.4 × 10-8 cm2 / s as a first approximation are accepted for 1173 К by the data [4] about the diffusion of iron ions in wustite.
Online since: August 2007
Authors: Jung Hyun Park, Hee Kyu Kim, Young Kyun Hong
At first, a structural analysis is classically executed by means of the data gained through the
investigated result to check the object member at present, which will be applied to the time dependent
reliability analysis.
Weyers et al.[4] proposed the numerical values of them based on the long term research and many researchers quoted the obtained data.
Result from TDRA for the Existing Column Time (year) Member Resistance with Time (tf) Resistance Reduction Rate (%) Reliability Index (β) Failure Probability 0 564.7 100.0% 4.912 4.51E-07 10 559.1 99.0% 4.784 8.61E-07 15 548.3 97.1% 4.532 2.93E-06 20 538.0 95.3% 4.292 8.86E-06 26 526.3 93.2% 4.020 2.91E-05 37 506.9 89.8% 3.567 1.81E-04 50 487.1 86.3% 3.106 9.49E-04 70 463.5 82.1% 2.557 5.29E-03 85 451.3 79.9% 2.271 1.16E-02 100 443.7 78.6% 2.094 1.81E-02 Conclusions Based on the result in this study, the following conclusions can be reached. 1) The corrosion initiation time is calculated as 9.12 years, so the corrosion of the existing column has been progressed over 5 years. 2) The member resistance of the existing column has been decreased up to 3 % at current time. 3) The classical reliability analysis method has a problem not to deal with the state of the column after corroding the reinforcement. 4) The existing
Weyers et al.[4] proposed the numerical values of them based on the long term research and many researchers quoted the obtained data.
Result from TDRA for the Existing Column Time (year) Member Resistance with Time (tf) Resistance Reduction Rate (%) Reliability Index (β) Failure Probability 0 564.7 100.0% 4.912 4.51E-07 10 559.1 99.0% 4.784 8.61E-07 15 548.3 97.1% 4.532 2.93E-06 20 538.0 95.3% 4.292 8.86E-06 26 526.3 93.2% 4.020 2.91E-05 37 506.9 89.8% 3.567 1.81E-04 50 487.1 86.3% 3.106 9.49E-04 70 463.5 82.1% 2.557 5.29E-03 85 451.3 79.9% 2.271 1.16E-02 100 443.7 78.6% 2.094 1.81E-02 Conclusions Based on the result in this study, the following conclusions can be reached. 1) The corrosion initiation time is calculated as 9.12 years, so the corrosion of the existing column has been progressed over 5 years. 2) The member resistance of the existing column has been decreased up to 3 % at current time. 3) The classical reliability analysis method has a problem not to deal with the state of the column after corroding the reinforcement. 4) The existing
Online since: June 2008
Authors: D. Vuono, Alfonso Nastro, R. Sansosti
The reasons of using waste recycling generally are: the exhaustion of
the natural resources; the conservation of not renewable resources; improvement of the population
health and security in environmental matters; reduction in wastes disposal costs.
Samples I DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) II DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) III DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) IV DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) V DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) Clay 73.8 (0.04) Endo --- --- 477.8 (0.18) Endo 750.4 (1.08) Endo PVC reject 77.7 (1.66) Exo 227.3 (65.60) Exo --- 531.4 (10.44) Exo 642.9 (10.11) Exo The TG, DTG and DSC curves are shown in figure 3 and the corresponding data are reported in Table 1.
Thermal analysis data - maxima of DSC curves and weight loss in parenthesis - of the clay sample and PVC reject The TG, DTG and DSC curves of PVC wastes are reported in figure 4 and Table 1.
Samples I DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) II DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) III DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) IV DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) V DSC max (°C) (Loss in %) Clay 73.8 (0.04) Endo --- --- 477.8 (0.18) Endo 750.4 (1.08) Endo PVC reject 77.7 (1.66) Exo 227.3 (65.60) Exo --- 531.4 (10.44) Exo 642.9 (10.11) Exo The TG, DTG and DSC curves are shown in figure 3 and the corresponding data are reported in Table 1.
Thermal analysis data - maxima of DSC curves and weight loss in parenthesis - of the clay sample and PVC reject The TG, DTG and DSC curves of PVC wastes are reported in figure 4 and Table 1.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Rattikorn Yimnirun, Rewadee Wongmaneerung, Supon Ananta, Laongnuan Srisombat
Fig. 1 Computerized JCPDS data-matching confirms the formation of cubic PMN phase in the corundum-route PMN ceramic.
Wide energy range of XPS spectrum of the PMN ceramics shows all elementary compositions of the compound (data not shown).
The second component at lower binding energy might attribute to unreacted Nb2O5 which reported by Singh et al. [16], or Nb4+ which generated by the reduction of Nb5+ caused by sputtering process.
Wide energy range of XPS spectrum of the PMN ceramics shows all elementary compositions of the compound (data not shown).
The second component at lower binding energy might attribute to unreacted Nb2O5 which reported by Singh et al. [16], or Nb4+ which generated by the reduction of Nb5+ caused by sputtering process.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Jing Bo Liu, Dong Dong Zhao, Wen Hui Wang, Xiao Bo Zhang
Then, compare the calculating results with ground vibration test data.
It can be calculated in frequency domain from subway vibration test data and numerical simulation of soil-subway model.
References [1] Rucker, W.: Measurement and Evaluation of Random Vibrations, Proceedings of DMSR77 /Karlsruhe/, Vol.1: 407-421. (1977) [2] Dawn, T.M., Stanworth, C.G.: Ground Vibrations Caused by Passing Trains, Journal of Sound and Vibrations, 66(3): 355-362. (1979) [3] Chen J.G., Xia H., Xiao J.H., Cao Y.M.: Experimental Study of Ground Vibrations Induced by Moving Train, Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29(11): 3113-3118. (2008) [4] Pan C.S., Xie Z.G.: Measurement and analysis of vibrations caused by passing trains in subway running tunnel, China civil engineering journal, 23(2): 21-28. (1990) [5] Andersen, L., Nielsen, S.R.K.: Reduction of Ground Vibration by Means of Barriers or Soil Improvement along a Railway Track, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25(7): 701-716
It can be calculated in frequency domain from subway vibration test data and numerical simulation of soil-subway model.
References [1] Rucker, W.: Measurement and Evaluation of Random Vibrations, Proceedings of DMSR77 /Karlsruhe/, Vol.1: 407-421. (1977) [2] Dawn, T.M., Stanworth, C.G.: Ground Vibrations Caused by Passing Trains, Journal of Sound and Vibrations, 66(3): 355-362. (1979) [3] Chen J.G., Xia H., Xiao J.H., Cao Y.M.: Experimental Study of Ground Vibrations Induced by Moving Train, Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29(11): 3113-3118. (2008) [4] Pan C.S., Xie Z.G.: Measurement and analysis of vibrations caused by passing trains in subway running tunnel, China civil engineering journal, 23(2): 21-28. (1990) [5] Andersen, L., Nielsen, S.R.K.: Reduction of Ground Vibration by Means of Barriers or Soil Improvement along a Railway Track, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25(7): 701-716
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Itthisek Nilkhamhang, Arthit Thaniyaphol
The data were collected from the real output profile of each DGs power plant from December 2013 to June 2014 at 30 minutes time interval.
In comparing between no DGs, PV, biomass and hybrid system, hybrid generation accounts for the highest loss reduction, while without DGs connected to the system offer the least.
The collected data shows that midnight has the lightest load level, 08:00 a.m. represents the peak load in the morning, 12.00 provides the highest power output from PV plant, and19:00 p.m. represents the peak load in the evening.
In comparing between no DGs, PV, biomass and hybrid system, hybrid generation accounts for the highest loss reduction, while without DGs connected to the system offer the least.
The collected data shows that midnight has the lightest load level, 08:00 a.m. represents the peak load in the morning, 12.00 provides the highest power output from PV plant, and19:00 p.m. represents the peak load in the evening.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Bernd Steckemetz, Frank Kortenstedde, Benjamin Stanke, Christian Wendler
More boundary data of the numerical analysis on the rotor blade: y+ in the range from 1 to 10 near the wall of the rotor blade; Re number 7∙105 to 1.4∙106; far-field size (Fig. 4): 10 blade lengths from the rotor blade wind up and wind down, 5 rotor blade lengths radius wind up at the inlet, 6.66 rotor blade lengths radius wind down at the outlet.
Figure 5: Tangential moment on rotor blade root cylinder (left); decreasing residuals for momentum and mass (middle) and turbulence (right) 4 Results and Discussion The performance data of the unmodified model rotor blade were compared with real wind turbines in a thesis [8] in order to validate the model.
Figure 6: Streamlines on the clean blade (left) compared with the blade with fence and suction (right) Figure 7: Vorticity using the λ2-criterion on model rotor blade without flow elements vs. rotor blade with stall barrier with suction The reduction in the cross-flow can be determined by comparing the streamlines on the surface of the blade with and without flow element (Fig. 6).
Figure 5: Tangential moment on rotor blade root cylinder (left); decreasing residuals for momentum and mass (middle) and turbulence (right) 4 Results and Discussion The performance data of the unmodified model rotor blade were compared with real wind turbines in a thesis [8] in order to validate the model.
Figure 6: Streamlines on the clean blade (left) compared with the blade with fence and suction (right) Figure 7: Vorticity using the λ2-criterion on model rotor blade without flow elements vs. rotor blade with stall barrier with suction The reduction in the cross-flow can be determined by comparing the streamlines on the surface of the blade with and without flow element (Fig. 6).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Li Jun Li, Wei Sun, Shao Xiong Huang, Yu Jiang, Wei Tao Bai
In order to guarantee growth of income more than cost, cost reduction includes coordination of mutual relationship among cost, quantity and income, which can really realize relative cost savings.
Whether the fault probability density is characterized by normal distribution can also be tested by drawing frequency histogram and normal test figure according to known data of components produced by tools in a failing situation.
(2) Solution of fault probability density function of tools From the histogram and normal probability 100 sets of data of components produced in a failing situation, it can also be seen that the life distribution is normal distribution.
Whether the fault probability density is characterized by normal distribution can also be tested by drawing frequency histogram and normal test figure according to known data of components produced by tools in a failing situation.
(2) Solution of fault probability density function of tools From the histogram and normal probability 100 sets of data of components produced in a failing situation, it can also be seen that the life distribution is normal distribution.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: V. Jeyanthi Vineetha, K. Ganesan
Tests were conducted with a deformation-controlled direct shear machine connected to a variable speed motor in series with a gear reduction box, which made it possible to maintain the rate of shearing at a desirable constant level.
Angle of internal/interface friction Examining the data obtained from direct shear test, it could be seen that, in general, there was an increase in the angle of interface friction with GFRP wrapping
Examining the data obtained from direct shear test, it could be seen that, in general, there was an increase in the angle of interface friction with GFRP wrapping.
Angle of internal/interface friction Examining the data obtained from direct shear test, it could be seen that, in general, there was an increase in the angle of interface friction with GFRP wrapping
Examining the data obtained from direct shear test, it could be seen that, in general, there was an increase in the angle of interface friction with GFRP wrapping.