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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Chang Zheng Sun, Xiao Ping Zhang, Qian Chen
In the experiment, the fiber volume content is 0.1%, by adding the early strength agent, retarder and fly ash and admixture, and cement sand ratio to make the cement matrix structure being close-grained, the early strength met the requirements.
Early strength mortar strength test results Serial number Cement sand ratio Fiber content (%) Cementitious materials Compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Cement (%) Fly ash (%) 7d 28d 7d 28d 1 1 0 50 50 36.1 44.6 5.8 7.2 2 1 0.1 50 50 36.3 44.9 6.0 7.2 3 1 0.3 50 50 36.5 44.6 6.1 7.3 4 1 0.5 50 50 37.1 44.7 6.1 7.3 5 1 0.7 50 50 37.2 45.0 6.3 7.4 6 1 0.9 50 50 37.3 45.0 6.5 7.5 7 1 1.1 50 50 37.7 45.2 6.6 7.9 8 1 1.3 50 50 36.9 44.6 6.7 8.0 9 1 1.5 50 50 35.0 43.1 6.7 8.0 10 2 0 50 50 34.2 42.3 5.3 7.1 11 2 0.1 50 50 34.2 42.1 5.3 7.1 12 2 0.3 50 50 34.6 42.5 5.5 7.2 13 2 0.5 50 50 34.9 43.0 5.7 7.3 14 2 0.7 50 50 35.0 43.2 6.0 7.3 15 2 0.9 50 50 35.2 43.8 6.2 7.4 16 2 1.1 50 50 34.7 42.3 6.1 7.4 17 2 1.3 50 50 34.2 41.8 6.1 7.5 18 2 1.5 50 50 34.2 40.5 6.0 7.5 19 2.5 0 100 0 37.2 45.8 5.4 6.8 20 2.5 0.1 100 0 37.3 46.0 5.5 6.8 21 2.5 0.3 100 0 38.0 46.2 5.7 7.0 22 2.5 0.5 100 0 38.5 47.2 6.0 7.3 23 2.5 0.7 100 0 39.2 48.0 6.4 7.8 24 2.5 0.9 100 0 39.0 47.5 6.2 7.5 25 2.5
From the micro morphology of Figure 8, there were a small amount of Ca(OH)2 crystals, and a large number of hydrated calcium silicate gel flocculation.
Early strength mortar strength test results Serial number Cement sand ratio Fiber content (%) Cementitious materials Compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Cement (%) Fly ash (%) 7d 28d 7d 28d 1 1 0 50 50 36.1 44.6 5.8 7.2 2 1 0.1 50 50 36.3 44.9 6.0 7.2 3 1 0.3 50 50 36.5 44.6 6.1 7.3 4 1 0.5 50 50 37.1 44.7 6.1 7.3 5 1 0.7 50 50 37.2 45.0 6.3 7.4 6 1 0.9 50 50 37.3 45.0 6.5 7.5 7 1 1.1 50 50 37.7 45.2 6.6 7.9 8 1 1.3 50 50 36.9 44.6 6.7 8.0 9 1 1.5 50 50 35.0 43.1 6.7 8.0 10 2 0 50 50 34.2 42.3 5.3 7.1 11 2 0.1 50 50 34.2 42.1 5.3 7.1 12 2 0.3 50 50 34.6 42.5 5.5 7.2 13 2 0.5 50 50 34.9 43.0 5.7 7.3 14 2 0.7 50 50 35.0 43.2 6.0 7.3 15 2 0.9 50 50 35.2 43.8 6.2 7.4 16 2 1.1 50 50 34.7 42.3 6.1 7.4 17 2 1.3 50 50 34.2 41.8 6.1 7.5 18 2 1.5 50 50 34.2 40.5 6.0 7.5 19 2.5 0 100 0 37.2 45.8 5.4 6.8 20 2.5 0.1 100 0 37.3 46.0 5.5 6.8 21 2.5 0.3 100 0 38.0 46.2 5.7 7.0 22 2.5 0.5 100 0 38.5 47.2 6.0 7.3 23 2.5 0.7 100 0 39.2 48.0 6.4 7.8 24 2.5 0.9 100 0 39.0 47.5 6.2 7.5 25 2.5
From the micro morphology of Figure 8, there were a small amount of Ca(OH)2 crystals, and a large number of hydrated calcium silicate gel flocculation.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Humberto Naoyuki Yoshimura, André Luiz Molisani
The microstructures of the sintered samples presented second-phase particles and some residual pores at the AlN grain-boundaries (Fig. 1).
The arrows indicate YAG phase and the number 2 in (b) indicates SA6 phase.
The numbers in (b) indicate the regions of EDS analysis (see comments in the text).
The arrows indicate YAG phase and the number 2 in (b) indicates SA6 phase.
The numbers in (b) indicate the regions of EDS analysis (see comments in the text).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Andrzej Romanski, Janusz Konstanty, Dorota Tyrala
The Knoop hardness numbers and the proportion of (gFe) to (aFe) in the subsurface layer were evaluated during preparation of the metallographic specimens on surfaces ground on SiC #220 paper and again after final polishing with 1 mm diamond (Table 3).
Table 3 Densities, Knoop Hardness Numbers and Volume Percentages of Austenite (3) Material Milling time [hours] Density [g/cm3] KH0.5 V(gFe) (4) as-polished condition as-ground condition as-polished condition as-ground condition Fe-Ni-8 8 7.90 ± 0.09 258 ± 36 305 ± 50 83 12 Fe-Ni-120 120 7.62 ± 0.10 440 ± 18 442 ± 54 27 10 Fe-Mn-8 8 7.75 ± 0.01 298 ± 17 359 ± 35 73 63 Fe-Mn-120 120 7.61 ± 0.08 363 ± 31 391 ± 52 96 98 (3) scatter intervals estimated at 90% confidence level (4) estimated assuming that V(aFe) + V(gFe) = 100% (no account taken of other phases) Table 4 Bending Properties and Abrasion Resistance Indices of the Experimental Alloys (5) Material Milling time [hours] 3-point bending test Ai [mm/20m] TRS [MPa] OYS [MPa] epl [%] Fe-Ni-8 8 1161 ± 277 775 ± 178 2.0 ± 1.0 22.0 ± 3.1 Fe-Ni-120 120 584 ± 247 - 0.1 ± 0.1 39.1 ± 6.5 Fe-Mn-8 8 1325 ± 228 866 ± 41 2.2 ± 1.4 23.2 ± 4.3 Fe-Mn-120 120 1421 ± 65 1351 ± 155 0.8 ± 1.3 28.4 ± 5.4 Co-20%WC - - - - 33.6 ± 8.2 (5) scatter
The metallographic observations (Figs 3-5) reveal marked differences in grain size and microstructural inhomogeneity of the tested specimens.
Table 3 Densities, Knoop Hardness Numbers and Volume Percentages of Austenite (3) Material Milling time [hours] Density [g/cm3] KH0.5 V(gFe) (4) as-polished condition as-ground condition as-polished condition as-ground condition Fe-Ni-8 8 7.90 ± 0.09 258 ± 36 305 ± 50 83 12 Fe-Ni-120 120 7.62 ± 0.10 440 ± 18 442 ± 54 27 10 Fe-Mn-8 8 7.75 ± 0.01 298 ± 17 359 ± 35 73 63 Fe-Mn-120 120 7.61 ± 0.08 363 ± 31 391 ± 52 96 98 (3) scatter intervals estimated at 90% confidence level (4) estimated assuming that V(aFe) + V(gFe) = 100% (no account taken of other phases) Table 4 Bending Properties and Abrasion Resistance Indices of the Experimental Alloys (5) Material Milling time [hours] 3-point bending test Ai [mm/20m] TRS [MPa] OYS [MPa] epl [%] Fe-Ni-8 8 1161 ± 277 775 ± 178 2.0 ± 1.0 22.0 ± 3.1 Fe-Ni-120 120 584 ± 247 - 0.1 ± 0.1 39.1 ± 6.5 Fe-Mn-8 8 1325 ± 228 866 ± 41 2.2 ± 1.4 23.2 ± 4.3 Fe-Mn-120 120 1421 ± 65 1351 ± 155 0.8 ± 1.3 28.4 ± 5.4 Co-20%WC - - - - 33.6 ± 8.2 (5) scatter
The metallographic observations (Figs 3-5) reveal marked differences in grain size and microstructural inhomogeneity of the tested specimens.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Jin Xing Peng
A number of improvements were developed based on the two methods, such as Doyle equation[4], Freeman–Carroll equation[5], Ozawa equation[6], Coats and Redfern equation[7] and so on.
The sawdust was screened in a vibratory sieving apparatus and the 100 mesh(grain diameter <0.15mm) fractions were used in experiments.
(3) where, i is the sequence number of the data derived from the TG curves.
The sawdust was screened in a vibratory sieving apparatus and the 100 mesh(grain diameter <0.15mm) fractions were used in experiments.
(3) where, i is the sequence number of the data derived from the TG curves.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Zhi Yong Zeng, Ying Shi, Su Jun Yuan, Jian Jun Xie
This procedure was repeated for the desired number of cycles to form TiO2multilayeredfilms.
From the FESEM image, The surface of the films is composed of tiny grains without obvious void.
An obvious increasing of the transmittance could be observed atca.250 nm as the layer number increased.
From the FESEM image, The surface of the films is composed of tiny grains without obvious void.
An obvious increasing of the transmittance could be observed atca.250 nm as the layer number increased.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yao Qi Yang, Xin Jing Wang, Yang Gao, Pei Jun Wang, Hui Jun Ren, Ting Ting Wei, Wu Xiao, Yang Yu
Geological disasters caused by coal mining
Coal mining subsidence induce the large number of landslides, slope instability, debris flows and other natural disasters.
The mode above, with the characteristic of low-cost reclamation, short payback period and significant economic benefits, is applicable to the coal mining subsidence area with ponding generated by collapse which takes full advantage of the water resources from the mining subsidence. 2) As the same time, we can the ecological environment quality in the area of mining can be improved through planning ecological garden, constructing mining museum and matched recreational facilities, and developing eco-cultural tourism in the subsidence area with large water surface, deep water body, and excellent water quality. 3.2 The agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery mode. 1)The mode that backfilling or grouting complex soil in subsidence area with gangue can change original subsidence area to agricultural land and effectively replenish the arable land is widely used in the area with a large number of coal gangue , river sediment surrounding.
This mode not only contributes to grain production, but also effectively reduces the compensation pressure and deal with the plight of the coal gangue and fly ash.
The mode above, with the characteristic of low-cost reclamation, short payback period and significant economic benefits, is applicable to the coal mining subsidence area with ponding generated by collapse which takes full advantage of the water resources from the mining subsidence. 2) As the same time, we can the ecological environment quality in the area of mining can be improved through planning ecological garden, constructing mining museum and matched recreational facilities, and developing eco-cultural tourism in the subsidence area with large water surface, deep water body, and excellent water quality. 3.2 The agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery mode. 1)The mode that backfilling or grouting complex soil in subsidence area with gangue can change original subsidence area to agricultural land and effectively replenish the arable land is widely used in the area with a large number of coal gangue , river sediment surrounding.
This mode not only contributes to grain production, but also effectively reduces the compensation pressure and deal with the plight of the coal gangue and fly ash.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Chang Feng Qu, Guo Wen Song, Chun Yan Wu, Lan Bing Xu
Traditional fit is defined as five factors: line, grain, ease, set and balance [11].
Clothing comfort is influenced by a number of factors, such as thermal aspects, ease of movement, fit, pressure of the body, tactility and propensity to generate static electricity [16].
It needs a large number of measurement, experiences and tests.
Clothing comfort is influenced by a number of factors, such as thermal aspects, ease of movement, fit, pressure of the body, tactility and propensity to generate static electricity [16].
It needs a large number of measurement, experiences and tests.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Shu Ting Li, Kun Zhou
Fig.1 Building function in Guanchun Dai nationality village
Table 1 Family structure in Guanchun village
family type
number
percent (%)
single family
4
2.63
core family
74
48.68
stem family
63
41.45
joint family
11
7.24
total
152
100.00
Fig.2 Building layout of stem family building and photos in Guanchun village
It has been found that the functional composition and layout of the buildings(Fig.2) has changed little, but there are major changes in the residential building forms and materials.
Traditional tile and thatch slope roof were replaced by flat roof, that is convenient to dry grains, but the heat insulation effect is reduced.
Thus the villagers can afford to rebuild their houses and a large number of old buildings were removed, the traditional timber buildings were seldom kept.
Traditional tile and thatch slope roof were replaced by flat roof, that is convenient to dry grains, but the heat insulation effect is reduced.
Thus the villagers can afford to rebuild their houses and a large number of old buildings were removed, the traditional timber buildings were seldom kept.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Boonchoat Paosawatyanyong, Jiraporn Pongsopa, Pattama Visuttpitukul
In plasma nitriding process as reported by Negm [3], there are a number of contrary opinions for adding hydrogen in nitriding process.
Besides, the XRD results is also shown a wurtzite AlN (a = 3.11 Ao, c = 4.98 Ao) formed on the top surface of the specimen (according to diffraction patterns of Wurtzite-type AlN JCPDS number 075-1620).
Therefore, it is indicated that the grain sizes are decreased due to the increasing percentage of hydrogen.
Besides, the XRD results is also shown a wurtzite AlN (a = 3.11 Ao, c = 4.98 Ao) formed on the top surface of the specimen (according to diffraction patterns of Wurtzite-type AlN JCPDS number 075-1620).
Therefore, it is indicated that the grain sizes are decreased due to the increasing percentage of hydrogen.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Dong Cai Zhao, N. Ren, Zhan Ji Ma, Geng Jie Xiao, Sheng Hu Wu
What is
important is that the large grains are of low sp
3 content and low hardness.
This suggests that the structure of DLC film structure have no relations to substrates as expected. 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Intensity Wave Number (cm-1) a ID/IG=0.76 figure 3, Raman spectra of DLC films on all the substrates, and the spectra been deconvoluted to two bands between the wave number 1000 cm -1 and 1800cm -1. 4.
This suggests that the structure of DLC film structure have no relations to substrates as expected. 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Intensity Wave Number (cm-1) a ID/IG=0.76 figure 3, Raman spectra of DLC films on all the substrates, and the spectra been deconvoluted to two bands between the wave number 1000 cm -1 and 1800cm -1. 4.