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Online since: June 2024
Authors: Jason Shian Ching Jang, Sheng Wei Lee, Bayu Satria Wardhana
After all, it has good capacitive properties, making it suitable for supercapacitor applications.
This incident was possible due to several factors apart from the porosity factor, including (1) the binder not being used in the coated oxide solution, (2) an inappropriate molar solution, and (3) the electrode surface being hydrophobic.
The curves on electrodes with additional active material are similar, meaning the electrodes have similar electrocatalytic properties.
By previous estimates, the presence of Fe3O4 catalyst brings quite significant changes in the properties of the Ni electrode.
Huang, “Mn3O4 nanoplates and nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and catalytic properties,” J.
This incident was possible due to several factors apart from the porosity factor, including (1) the binder not being used in the coated oxide solution, (2) an inappropriate molar solution, and (3) the electrode surface being hydrophobic.
The curves on electrodes with additional active material are similar, meaning the electrodes have similar electrocatalytic properties.
By previous estimates, the presence of Fe3O4 catalyst brings quite significant changes in the properties of the Ni electrode.
Huang, “Mn3O4 nanoplates and nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and catalytic properties,” J.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Roland Golle, Hartmut Hoffmann, Thorsten Gläsner, Wolfram Volk, Christina Sunderkötter, Tobias Schaffner
Plastic deformation starts during phase two, once the elastic properties of the material have been exceeded.
Figure 3: Wear characteristics of an active tool element during shear cutting [7] The factors which influence wear include the tool material, the cutting gap used in the specific process, tool coating, oscillations and key parameters such as material properties (e.g. rigidity) and the number of sheets processed.
The high-strength properties of the materials, in conjunction with large production quantities, lead to acute wear of the active elements during production.
The following tables show the mechanical (Table 1) and chemical characteristics (Table 2) of the steel.
Results from collaring tests carried out on these samples showed that any form of wear adversely affects the formability of the cut edges.
Figure 3: Wear characteristics of an active tool element during shear cutting [7] The factors which influence wear include the tool material, the cutting gap used in the specific process, tool coating, oscillations and key parameters such as material properties (e.g. rigidity) and the number of sheets processed.
The high-strength properties of the materials, in conjunction with large production quantities, lead to acute wear of the active elements during production.
The following tables show the mechanical (Table 1) and chemical characteristics (Table 2) of the steel.
Results from collaring tests carried out on these samples showed that any form of wear adversely affects the formability of the cut edges.
Online since: March 2004
Authors: Zhi Wang, Zhan Qiang Liu, Xing Ai, Z.T. Wang, Yi Wan
The first group (materials database) allows the user to select the workpiece
material and its properties.
In stage two, the user has to describe this selected material by inputting its properties such as hardness, Youngs Modulus, tensile strength, etc.
Stage three is based on the properties of the workpiece material.
The criteria used, to select the cutting conditions is dependent upon the material properties, the type of machining process and the design attributes of the feature.
The case-based system is highly suitable for the selection of high-speed machining conditions because the HSM process is affected by a large number of factors, the effects of which are poorly understood.
In stage two, the user has to describe this selected material by inputting its properties such as hardness, Youngs Modulus, tensile strength, etc.
Stage three is based on the properties of the workpiece material.
The criteria used, to select the cutting conditions is dependent upon the material properties, the type of machining process and the design attributes of the feature.
The case-based system is highly suitable for the selection of high-speed machining conditions because the HSM process is affected by a large number of factors, the effects of which are poorly understood.
Online since: November 2017
Authors: Sung Young Park, Chang Su Kim
Among them, the performance of the Urea-SCR injector, the key part of the dosing system, has predominantly affected the reduction of the nitrogenous oxides, and an accurate performance prediction must be preceded.
The urea solution is a chemical substance that is made from the mixing of water and urea, where the chemical characteristics differ according to the urea-mixing ratio; however, due to the physical characteristics that are similar to those of water, the analysis was conducted using the water property of this simulation [8, 11].
It appears this phenomenon occurred because the flow at the front part of the nozzle that greatly affects the responsiveness of the initial needle rise and the total area of the nozzle hole are fixed.
Model A Model A-10 Model A+10 Model A_4hole Model A_5hole [-] 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.72 0.67 80 % Time Reaching [ms] 0.0496 0.0493 0.0492 0.0491 0.0487 Conclusion In this study, the design variables affecting the injector performance were investigated through the reverse engineering of an injector that was applied to the Urea-SCR postprocess system.
Kang, Development and Validation of Urea-SCR Control-Oriented Model for NOx and NH3 Slip Reduction, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology B, 39 (2015) 1-9
The urea solution is a chemical substance that is made from the mixing of water and urea, where the chemical characteristics differ according to the urea-mixing ratio; however, due to the physical characteristics that are similar to those of water, the analysis was conducted using the water property of this simulation [8, 11].
It appears this phenomenon occurred because the flow at the front part of the nozzle that greatly affects the responsiveness of the initial needle rise and the total area of the nozzle hole are fixed.
Model A Model A-10 Model A+10 Model A_4hole Model A_5hole [-] 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.72 0.67 80 % Time Reaching [ms] 0.0496 0.0493 0.0492 0.0491 0.0487 Conclusion In this study, the design variables affecting the injector performance were investigated through the reverse engineering of an injector that was applied to the Urea-SCR postprocess system.
Kang, Development and Validation of Urea-SCR Control-Oriented Model for NOx and NH3 Slip Reduction, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology B, 39 (2015) 1-9
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Mariola Saternus
Properties of red mud and calcined red mud were compared (see Table 11), calcined red mud has better properties than red mud.
Properties of 1-st class bricks and bricks made from red mud [21].
Physical properties of red mud and calcined red mud [22].
Properties Density Compressive strength Tensile strength Hardness factor Red mud 2.85[g/cm3] 43.368 [kg/mm2] 2.972 [kg/mm2] 239.114 Calcined red mud 2.47 [g/cm3] 49.179 [kg/mm2] 3.331 [kg/mm2] 265.802 Table 12.
The application of red mud as a pigment does not cause the deterioration of mechanical properties of building elements.
Properties of 1-st class bricks and bricks made from red mud [21].
Physical properties of red mud and calcined red mud [22].
Properties Density Compressive strength Tensile strength Hardness factor Red mud 2.85[g/cm3] 43.368 [kg/mm2] 2.972 [kg/mm2] 239.114 Calcined red mud 2.47 [g/cm3] 49.179 [kg/mm2] 3.331 [kg/mm2] 265.802 Table 12.
The application of red mud as a pigment does not cause the deterioration of mechanical properties of building elements.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Alvaro Quinonez, Jennifer Zessin, Aissata Nutzel, John Ochsendorf
Computational methods have made significant advances for the analysis of
historic masonry structures, yet they require significant assumptions about material properties and
other modeling parameters.
The choice of model material will also impact the final cost of the model as well as the desired material properties of the model.
This corner rounding can affect the model by reducing the effective thickness of the structure being tested.
All of these factors combined with the relative low cost make the use of small-scale models a viable option for use in analyzing historic masonry structures.
"Mechanical characterization of stone and brick masonry," Univ. do Minho, Guimarães, Portugal, Rep.
The choice of model material will also impact the final cost of the model as well as the desired material properties of the model.
This corner rounding can affect the model by reducing the effective thickness of the structure being tested.
All of these factors combined with the relative low cost make the use of small-scale models a viable option for use in analyzing historic masonry structures.
"Mechanical characterization of stone and brick masonry," Univ. do Minho, Guimarães, Portugal, Rep.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Fa Li Chong
Copper or copper alloys was considered a fitable heat sink material due to its high transfer heat capability and the high thermal conductivity and prominent mechanical properties.Due to the large mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and other physical properties between W and Cu, the large thermal stresses will cause in the process of W-Cu mock-up fabrication and service, which can lead to the crack and delamination on the interface between W and Cu.
The temperature of substrate should be kept not more than 300℃ in order to avoid the larger mismatch stress and a strong degradation of its properties.
The main properties of W coatings are listed in Table2.
Dispersion Strengthened W Alloys Though W is considered as a promising PFM, it has the disadvantages, such as the higher ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT), the worse bonding strength of W particles, which maybe induce the intergranular cracks and reduce the mechanical properties.
TiC particles cause strengthening of the grain boundary and enhance the mechanical properties.
The temperature of substrate should be kept not more than 300℃ in order to avoid the larger mismatch stress and a strong degradation of its properties.
The main properties of W coatings are listed in Table2.
Dispersion Strengthened W Alloys Though W is considered as a promising PFM, it has the disadvantages, such as the higher ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT), the worse bonding strength of W particles, which maybe induce the intergranular cracks and reduce the mechanical properties.
TiC particles cause strengthening of the grain boundary and enhance the mechanical properties.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Jun Yang, Li Bin Fu
Pouring temperature, alloy fluid suction serious shrinkage tendency of large, thick and crystal structure, will reduce the mechanical properties of castings.
Conversely, trends tend to reduce shrinkage, lower alloy flow properties, reduced feeding ability.
Sand core poor stability, affect the casting quality. c The same with the program b The sand box is too high, is not conducive to actual production.
Casting volume = 230 × 106mm3, casting surface area = 13.53 × 106mm2, casting modulus = 17cm, riser safety factor -1.2, 1.2 × 17 = 20.4, riser modulus = 20.4cm.
Conversely, trends tend to reduce shrinkage, lower alloy flow properties, reduced feeding ability.
Sand core poor stability, affect the casting quality. c The same with the program b The sand box is too high, is not conducive to actual production.
Casting volume = 230 × 106mm3, casting surface area = 13.53 × 106mm2, casting modulus = 17cm, riser safety factor -1.2, 1.2 × 17 = 20.4, riser modulus = 20.4cm.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jia Qu, Li Hong Yang, Guang Ping Zou
But it doesn’t consider the tensile-shear stress coupling of the composite, which may affect the accuracy of results while analyzing the off-axis loaded problem.
For nickel-base single crystal, ignoring the Bauschinger effect and considering the mechanical properties in three crystal axis [100], [010] and [001] are the same, Hill yield criterion becomes
Because tensile-shear coupling in off-axis direction is not considered in Hill yield criterion, its accuracy is not sufficient enough to describe the yield properties of single crystal material.
(7) where , are, respectively, the stress intensity factor of mode I, mode II crack and
For nickel-base single crystal, ignoring the Bauschinger effect and considering the mechanical properties in three crystal axis [100], [010] and [001] are the same, Hill yield criterion becomes
Because tensile-shear coupling in off-axis direction is not considered in Hill yield criterion, its accuracy is not sufficient enough to describe the yield properties of single crystal material.
(7) where , are, respectively, the stress intensity factor of mode I, mode II crack and
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Gu Qing Xiao, Xue Jun Zhang
Under mechanical stirring, 2.4 g p-aminophenol was added, and then 9.0 g of newly treated aluminium chloride was added into the fl{TTP}-1278
ask as quickly as possible.
The values of BET surface, pore volume and pore diameter of the resins BET surface area (m2/g) micropore area (m2/g) pore volume (cm3/g) pore diameter (nm) chlorine content(%) chloromethylated polystyrene 24.76 3.84 0.061 9.93 17.32 p-aminophenol resin 733.08 426.28 0.52 2.87 1.81 XAD-4 resin 950.95 46.02 1.25 5.25 - Comparison of the adsorption property of salicylic acid onto the resins Fig. 3 Adsorption isotherms of the resins Fig.4 Effect of solution pH on the adsorption Fig. 3 depicts the adsorption capacity of salicylic acid onto p-aminophenol resin is much larger than XAD-4 at the same temperature and equilibrium concentration.
The micro/mesopores (<2 nm and 2–5 nm) dominate the pore structure of p-aminophenol resin, and the average pore diameter of p-aminophenol is measured to be 2.87 nm, which is helpful for the adsorption, while the mesopores (2–18 nm) are the main pore for XAD-4, and the average pore diameter of XAD-4 is 5.25 nm, which affects the adsorption in a negative way [7].
Effect of solution pH on the adsorption The solution pH is one of the most important factors infl{TTP}-1278 uencing the adsorption of salicylic acid onto p-aminophenol resin.
Actually, the solution pH can affect of the hydrogen bond site of amino group and hydroxyl group uploaded on p-aminophenol resin, it also has an effect on the charge profi{TTP}-1279 le of the salicylic acid, and consequently it induces different interactions between the resin and salicylic acid.
The values of BET surface, pore volume and pore diameter of the resins BET surface area (m2/g) micropore area (m2/g) pore volume (cm3/g) pore diameter (nm) chlorine content(%) chloromethylated polystyrene 24.76 3.84 0.061 9.93 17.32 p-aminophenol resin 733.08 426.28 0.52 2.87 1.81 XAD-4 resin 950.95 46.02 1.25 5.25 - Comparison of the adsorption property of salicylic acid onto the resins Fig. 3 Adsorption isotherms of the resins Fig.4 Effect of solution pH on the adsorption Fig. 3 depicts the adsorption capacity of salicylic acid onto p-aminophenol resin is much larger than XAD-4 at the same temperature and equilibrium concentration.
The micro/mesopores (<2 nm and 2–5 nm) dominate the pore structure of p-aminophenol resin, and the average pore diameter of p-aminophenol is measured to be 2.87 nm, which is helpful for the adsorption, while the mesopores (2–18 nm) are the main pore for XAD-4, and the average pore diameter of XAD-4 is 5.25 nm, which affects the adsorption in a negative way [7].
Effect of solution pH on the adsorption The solution pH is one of the most important factors infl{TTP}-1278 uencing the adsorption of salicylic acid onto p-aminophenol resin.
Actually, the solution pH can affect of the hydrogen bond site of amino group and hydroxyl group uploaded on p-aminophenol resin, it also has an effect on the charge profi{TTP}-1279 le of the salicylic acid, and consequently it induces different interactions between the resin and salicylic acid.