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Introduction Zirconium alloyed with niobium is used for manufacturing fuel claddings and pressure tubes on account of its favourable nuclear and mechanical properties.
In a polycrystalline material, grain boundaries(GB) significantly affect the mechanical behaviour of materials.
The size of the simulation box in each case was derived iteratively by adjusting size as a factor of lattice constant.
Journal of material science, 54, 3082-3095 [12] Divya Singh, Avinash Parashar (2019) Atomistic simulations to study the effect of Nb precipitate on fracture properties of bi-crystalline Zr, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 52, 355304 [13] Divya Singh, Avinash Parashar (2019) Effect of Nb precipitate on defect formation and migration energies in bi-crystalline Zr.

The size of the undercut and the neck thickness of the upper sheet mainly affect the mechanical strength of the joint.
Depending on the properties of the used materials, the clinching point fails either because of button separation or neck fracture, which is caused by insufficient undercut or thinning of the neck, respectively [6].
Both factors improve the symmetry of the joint shape.
Two important factors basically control the material flow during the roller clinching process.
If desired, the anisotropic properties can be emphasized with reference to the intended use by changing the blank holder geometry or the rolling radii.

Combined with the structural characteristics of solid sections of lower pylon column and taking into account the influence of such complex factors as atmospheric temperature, curing method, cooling water temperature drop, ambient temperature changes, external constraints and concrete creep during construction [3], related calculation parameters were determined according to the actual conditions and the temperature and thermal stresses distribution of mass concrete in solid sections of lower pylon column was simulated by using large finite element analysis software.
The minimum safety factor at all the ages of solid sections of lower pylon column is high (>1.3), but stress concentration occurs easily at the junction of the first layer of concrete and the pylon base concrete and inside the chamfer of the second layer of concrete, so thermal insulation and moisture retention curing should be strengthened at these positions.
Physico-mechanical and thermal parameters of concrete of lower pylon column Position Splitting tensile strength (MPa) Final elastic modulus (GPa) Thermal expansion coefficient (1/℃) Thermal conductivity (kJ/m·d·℃) Specific heat (kJ/kg·℃) Adiabatic temperature rise (℃) 3d 7d 28d 180d Solid sections of lower pylon column 2.00 3.40 4.20 4.50 45.0 8.0×10-6 258.5 1.0 47.9 Fig.2.
Envelope diagram of temperature in concrete Table 3 Maximum temperature and thermal stress of concrete of lower pylon column Position Maximum temperature (℃) Maximum principal tensile stress (MPa) 3d 7d 28d 180d First layer of concrete 70.4 1.28 1.79 2.59 2.54 Second layer of concrete 71.4 1.48 1.40 1.57 1.46 Minimum safety factor / 1.35 1.90 1.62 1.77 Temperature control standards.
Combined with the special subject on concrete quality control for the main bridge of Jiashao Bridge, fresh concrete moisture measuring instrument (W-Checker) was used to monitor the water consumption of concrete mix during the construction of solid sections of lower pylon column to prevent blind adjustment of water consumption based on the working performance of concrete resulting in large deviation from the theoretical design value so as not to affect the tensile strength and ultimate tensile properties of concrete.

Influences of architecture landscape color Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors.
Natural geographical factor Topography, temperature and rainfalls of a city have significant impact on its color of city landscape.
Local architectural materials factor Architecture, as the base of color, poses profound effects on landscape color.
Humanities factor Differences of cultures background including genders, ages, personalities, experiences and religions will all affect reflection of people towards landscape color.
Choice of architecture color should take account in all the factors including geographic location, weather, history, culture and customs.

For several years the literature relates the efficiency of nanostructured coatings to improve the surface mechanical properties, but often without taking into account the environmental constraints.
Thus, CrN, acting as a chromia former material, fixes its high intrinsic refractory properties.
Introduction In the past two decades, the ceramic thin coatings have experienced a sharp interest thanks to their high mechanical and tribological properties, combined with a fabrication method (mainly PVD or CVD) that causes no damage towards the environment [1,2].
With the purpose to use the cutting tool in severe machining, a low reactivity with the lubricant as well as a good thermal resistance are required, together with a good stability of the mechanical properties at high temperature.
Numerous papers relate the improvement of the mechanical properties afforded by the nanostructure [17-19], but just a few ones concern the corrosion resistance of such protective coatings submitted to an aggressive medium.

Traditional gradient based optimizers use aggregating functions approaches based on combining all the objectives into a single one using either addition, multiplication or any other combination of arithmetical operations by using some weighting factors.
According to PSO, the behavior of each individual is affected by either the best local or the best global individual to help it fly through a hyperspace.
The updating parameters are the uncertain physical properties of the numerical model.
In fact, nowadays, multicriteria optimization has begun to be applied to the damage identification of aeronautical, mechanical and civil engineering structures.
A large inertia weight factor facilitates global exploration while a small weight factor facilitates local exploration.

There is a great deal of factors that come into play and can affect the efficiency of the evacuation.
Unique to naval ship situations, the first evacuee group to travel a closed door or hatch will incur a delay, the group size and the flux of the door will also affect the evacuee travel time [6].
Based on the above influence factor we can conclude that the ship evacuation model is nonlinear and non-convex.
Undoubtedly, controlling the naval ship evacuation is a significant practical challenge, and understanding how the extent of ship task affects the evacuation effectiveness also requires further research.
However, counter-flows may be a reasonable property if we consider the fire fighting and the succor.

Kinetics and kinematics performance are two essential factors in the design of tibial insert of knee prosthesis.
Mobile tibial insert has been introduced to facilitate both design factors by increasing the contact area at the tibial plateau to reduce wear process, and to restore more natural knee motion by improving the kinematics performance associated with the range of motion (ROM) and tibial rotation [3,4].
Change in relative point of ligaments insertion will affect the mechanical response, results in different knee kinetics and kinematics [26].
Sakamoto, Mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene under impact compression-Property change with gamma irradiation and dynamic stress-strain analysis of artificial hip-joint, J Japanese Society for Experimental Mech. 3 (2003) 225-229
Andriacchi, Mechanical loads at the knee joint during deep flexion, J.

The chemical composition and physical properties of fly ash are presented in Table 2.
This reduction in carbonation depth can be related to the change experienced in the mortar properties that are considered important for the process of carbonation, such as oxygen permeability [13].
This ability to retain water can help to increase the moisture content inside the specimen and possibly hamper the development of carbonation process since, as is known [13, 15], the humidity control is one of the factors most important for the carbonation process.
Esmaeili, Effect of combined carbonation and chloride ion ingress by an accelerated test method on microscopic and mechanical properties of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 58 (2014) 138-146
Cleland, Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties: a review, Construction and Building Materials, 15 (2001) 93-103

Its high mechanical properties are due to its crystalline structure and its covalent link.
The mechanical and physical properties than ordinary graphite mound excellent isotropic graphite with isotropic graphite processing methods have cars, milling, grinding, sawing and high speed machining.
The main reason that wear ordinary PCBN tool for diffusion wear. [6] High temperature PCD blade will react with titanium alloy materials, C and Co elements in the tool materials will diffuse into the chip, thus affecting the durability of cutting tools.
Superhard material cutter with different applications, of high speed cutting tool wear life factors are analyzed, the conclusions on the actual processing of high-speed cutting tool reasonable selection and wear have guidance and reference.
Distinctive mechanical properties of nano-polycrystalline diamond synthesized by direct conversion sintering under HPHT[J].