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On the surface of the alloy with silicon and REE smaller number of cracks were observed than on the surface of the base alloy and an alloy with silicon, cracks were shorter.
Grain boundaries are places with increased internal energy, which determines their lower resistance to corrosive environments.
It is easier to remove atoms less bounded with neighbours (with a lower coordination number) that is located on the edges of the crystallites and inter-crystalline areas.

Biofuels will be produced from biomass resources, including corn grains and lignocellulosic biomass (such as agricultural residues, forestry wastes, waste paper, and energy crops)[1,2].
Viscosity of the cellulosic preparations was determined by British Standard Methods for determination of limiting viscosity number of cellulose in dilute solutions, Part 1.
It should be noted that a small number of xyloses (5.41%) were still present in the cellulosic fraction C3.

As the grain, oil, cotton production base, Manasi revier basin is one better developed agricultural economy area in Xinjiang.
And the increasing use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers produced a large number of organic phosphorus, and organic nitrogen pollutants, then worsen the deterioration of water quality.
Assess the value loss: loss of the In-kind value may involve loss of a number of different physical types.

Introduction At present, polymer pipes have almost supplanted traditional steel pipes in some ranges of application due to a number of advantages in installation and maintenance and economic parameters.
Literature Review Restrictions on the outdoor temperature at which welding polymer pipes is allowed are due to the fact that high cooling rate promotes formation of a large number of crystallization centers when welding at low temperatures, the growth of which is slowed down and a fine-grained structure is formed that determines the plasticity of the welded seam [2].

Additionally, function integration and reduction of number of parts can significantly reduce assembly costs.
Strongly elongated grains showing a fiber like structure around the die edge with an almost doubled hardness as illustrated in Figure 4.
However, a high number of elements is time consuming especially in 3D simulations.

Introduction Titanium is one of the elements whose addition in Al-based cast alloys provides grain refinement, thus greatly increasing the strength and structural uniformity of the materials [1].
The temperatures and heat fluxes on both sides of the interface are equal [4]: (4) For numerical solution of the problem, we use a difference grid with time and space steps t and h: tj = jt and xi = ih, where j is the number of a time step and i is the number of a space step.

Just think about the sharp increase of the axle loads and trains number, length and speed.
These cracks are governed by a number of factors including environmental conditions, rail and wheel profiles, track curvatures, grades, lubrication practices, rail metallurgy, vehicle characteristics, track geometry errors, and rail grinding practices [2].
In the continuum mechanics framework two scales have to be considered: the first one is the smaller scale (grain, microvoids, etc.) and the second one is the macroscale (size of the structural components).

It has been shown that PO43- infrared absorption spectrum has two major energy band, one strong absorption peak appears at 1150~950cm-1, another relatively strong absorption peak appears at 650~450cm-1, in the lower range of wave number, there is O-P-O bending vibration or lattice vibration of phosphate.
Compared with other studies, the size of synthesized material granularity was smaller in this experiment, indicating that the precursor materials prepared by liquid precipitation is not easy reunion in microwave sintering process and can inhibited the material grain growth.
Fig.6b exhibits the relationship of the discharge capacities at different C-rates and the number of cycles.

On the one hand, the particles have a high zeta-potential, resulting in high sorption properties of substance to the number of elements.
To eliminate this drawback, a method of application the substance on surface of coarse-grained materials has been tested.
A number of carriers used to create a composite sorbent are considered.

Considering first the rolling texture components S, Copper and Brass, the regions of Copper orientation have the highest misorientation angle whereas the Brass orientation has the smallest 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 0 100 200 300 400 20 25 30 35 40 45 (a) Temperature(°C) HV 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 DIDB /DGNB Spacing(nm) (b) DIDB/DGNB Temperature(°C) DIDB DGNB 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 0 100 200 300 400 20 25 30 35 40 45 (a) Temperature(°C) HV 0 100 200 300 400 20 25 30 35 40 45 (a) Temperature(°C) HV 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 DIDB /DGNB Spacing(nm) (b) DIDB/DGNB Temperature(°C) DIDB DGNB DIDB DGNB Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 average angle.
Finally, the observation that local coarsening takes place at or near high angle boundaries separating texture components is in general agreement with a previous observations (e.g., [7]) that high angle grain boundaries can absorb dislocations from adjacent dislocation boundaries. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Finally the preferred coarsening taking place in regions of other orientations is expected to result in a significant concentration of components other than rolling components after recrystallization.
Boundary spacing (nm) Misorientation (º) Texture component DGNB DIDB θGNB θIDB Copper 6º from (112) [11-1] 355 878 4.1 2.0 Other 21º from (-2-1-3) [36-4] 16º from (-2-1-3) [-3-64] 321 668 8.7 4.0 Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 Fig. 3 TEM micrographs (longitudinal section) of regions with different orientations in a sample annealed for 2 h at 220 ºC.