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The vacuum condition can prevent or limit the oxidation issues and the fast heating rate along spark and plasma condition helps to control the reactions between magnesium and other phases including suppressing coarse growth of formation phases and crystal grains [1,4].
Here, ρs is the density of the particles, ρ is the density of the fluid, d is the particle diameter, and μ is the viscosity of the fluid, D/2 is the radius of rotation, N is the number of rotations.
From Eqs. (1) and (2), the velocity of particles is proportional to the difference in density between slurry and particles, the square of the diameter of the particles, and the square of the number of revolutions, and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid.

Several test cycles of 24 hours were carried out (the number of test cycles was limited by a weight loss of one of the samples equal to 0.07 g.), after that the samples were removed from the installation, and their wear resistance was evaluated by weight loss, and the microstructures of metals were examined by metallographic analysis using the OLYMPUS BX51M microscope at magnifications of 100, 500 and 1000 times in order to investigate the causes of wear of the samples.
The microstructure of the sample of steel 15 with a deposited layer X10, x100: a - crack from the fusion zone; b - crack from the surface of the weld metal Metallographic studies showed the presence of a significant number of cracks in the deposited metal, which propagate both from the zone of fusion of the deposited metal with the base (Fig. 2) and from the working surface, which was probably the reason for the significant mass loss of the sample.
Summary Practical recommendations for optimizing the primary structure are the following: it is necessary to strive to reduce dendritic parameters in massive workpieces, for example, by blocking the process of coarsening of dendritic branches with surface-active substances, and grinding primary grains by selecting heterophasic modifiers.

The substrates are formed by equiaxial alpha phase grains (pure titanium) or alpha-beta phase (Ti64 alloy).
The lower wear loss in case of Ti64 at lower number of cycles (9.72 x 105) is probably due to the hardness difference in both materials.
For samples tested at high number of cycles (7.76 x 106 cycles), the wear loss improvement was almost 10-fold for Ti and 100-fold for Ti64 bearings.

These assessments were made in terms of over temperature and number of maneuvering cycles, of "of-on" type made after an occurrence an electrical erosion volume loss of 80 % from whole volume of pieces, respectively.
Ag-SnO2-Bi2O3 / 90-9.5-0.5 / (MM) 3.50 32 2.45 2.74 8 All types of CM powders present better grain size characteristics against the MM ones, which in turn leads to improved physical and functional characteristics of the final electrical contact pieces.
The life time and heating of the CM and MM electrical contact pieces processed by P-S-R and P-S-E Life time, Number of manoeuvring cycles, x 103 Heating (Over temperature), Accordance with the Standard CEI 947 - 4 - 1:1990.

Hybrid intelligent techniques such Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to classify the surface imperfection according to surface roughness measurement or Reynolds Number (Ra).
The image processing output will be in the form of Reynolds Number (Ra-micron) and the classification is performed by using artificial intelligent.
According to the literature conducted on 25 papers about polishing parameter, it is found that the most significant parameter is Polishing time = 6%, Tool speed = 6%, Feed Rate = 9.6%, Polishing force 9.6% and Grain size = 4.8%.

The heat absorbed into the PCDC can be [1] 'A LV q µ = (10) Since the surface of the PCDC prior to the polishing is at a roughness ε1, there are only a number of asperities in contact.
Eq. (9) now can be rearranged as ( )01 ,,,,,,,, TDECVtLfd εχδµ= (14) Following the Buckingham П theorem in which E, D and t are used as repeating parameters, the relationship in Eq. (9) can be derived in a dimensionless form as       = 0 2 ,,,, 2 , T DD C D VtVD ED L f D d εδ χ µ (15) where Dd=Π1 , which is a dependent parameter, represents the relative removal height over the size of sample; 2 2 EDLµ=Π indicates the effect of heat source and mechanical loading to the mechanical strength of material; Pe VD ==Π χ23 is Peclet number reflecting the scale of sliding velocity in moving heat source on the sample; DVt=Π4 is the ratio of total sliding distance to the size of the sample; DCδ=Π5 represents the effect of particle size and its composition; Dε=Π6 is the relative surface roughness of the sample, and 07 T=Π is the initial temperature.
The Type 1 specimen material contains 65% diamond particles (C = 0.65) with grain size δ ~ 6µm (the rest are SiC and Si), and has an initial surface roughness of ε = 0.7µm.

The effect of the number of effective abrasives, polishing pad's characteristics, chip characteristics and polishing slurry's factors are considered in this model, and the material removal rate is shown as follows: (3) Here ρw is the chip material's quality density, Na is the number of effective abrasives, Volremoved Is the single abrasive’s removal rate, and Ro is the material removal rate caused by the chemical reaction.
In addition, in the abrasive wear model first requires the grains pressed into the surface and then plowed which should be considered.

(a) Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 In the case of C2 =0, where the Dit is ∞, the Fermi level at the interface is pinned by the surface state at the value φo above the valence band.
It is believed that atomic size of hydrogen is small enough to permeate into the metal through the grain boundary, and to reach the interface of semiconductor.
It is generally known that the reverse leakage current is reduced as a result of decreasing number of surface state [8], [9].

Sepiolite (Yixian sepiolite factory in Hebei Province, China), having an average grain diameter of 150µm was used in this study.
(Grant Number: 2006BAJ02A08) & (Grant Number: 2006BAJ18B05) References [1] R.L.Pozzo,M.A.Baltanás,A.E.Cassano: Catal.Today.

(5) Where, x[i] = L/v[i], L is the sample length; v[i] is the speed of the first plate sample passing through the sample i of the active cooling zone; m is the sample number of the plate; n is the sample number of the active cooling zone.
To make up the effect of the performance caused by the reduction of the alloy content, the fine-grain strengthen mechanism, the precipitation strengthen mechanism and the phase transformation strengthen mechanism were used.