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Introduction The final grain size and phase composition significantly impact the physical properties of metallic polycrystalline materials from which finished products are manufactured.
The grain growth phenomenon can lead to a significant rearrangement of the material morphology during annealing or after recrystallization, which results in a change of final mechanical properties.
The adapted concentration gradient model provides boundary curvature values that are much lower than the Kremeyer and Mason models, and that affects the grain growth velocity.
As presented in Fig. 2c-e, the grain boundary curvature models only slightly affect the growth of the grains under static recrystallization conditions.
In this case, the driving force associated with the grain boundary curvature is the primary factor controlling grain growth.

Introduction High nitrogen steels are becoming a new type of engineering material with the progress of metallurgical technology due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
It has become a fatal restricting factor in the industrial progress of high nitrogen steels.
Fig.2 Temperature field of 300s pouring at 1550°C Fig. 3 Temperature gradient at 1550°C Isotherm moving rate can be calculated using equation (3): （3） Among them, is cooling rate，and its unit is °C/s; is temperature gradient and its unit is °C/m; both can affect the value of U, which determines the solute distribution in dendrite crystal.

The CFRD dam deformation and rupture panels result in a large number of leakages which affect the normal operation of the projects.
The shearing stress is in proportion to the relative displacement, the stiffness coefficient is the scale factor.
According to the reservoir rock physical mechanics from the rock fill test results, the suggested values of rock mechanical parameters in the Mohr-Coulomb model are shown in Table 1.
The concrete panel construction requirements must be strictly ensure the quality, as far as possible using some special properties of the concrete to improve its tensile strength at the same time.

Whether the high angle holes can develop efficiently, cementing quality is a key factor, which put forward higher requirements of the slurry system and the cementing process measures.
G302 is a polymer-based materials, it can reduce the permeability of the cement matrix and improve the gelling properties of the slurry.
F17D is a crystal expansion material, it mainly rely on crystalline expansion pressure, make external work by change the chemical energy into mechanical force, resulting in volume expansion of the cement stone.
If adding too much dispersing agent into the slurry in order to reach the turbulent flow replacement, the stability of the cement slurry will deteriorate, a water ring will form in the cement sheath and the interface between strata and cement ring, consequently affect the sealing of the formation.

Tripathi2, b Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India, a lkyadu.ce@nitrr.ac.in, b rajesh_tripathi64@yahoo.co.in Keywords: Granulated blast furnace slag, circular footing, bearing capacity, settlement reduction factor Abstract.
There are various geometric parameters of reinforcement which affect the bearing capacity of a footing resting on reinforced fill i.e. top layer spacing (u), vertical spacing between reinforcing layers (h), diameter of geogrid layers (a), number of geogrid layers (N), total depth of geogrid layers (d) etc.
Properties of geogrid were taken from the manufacturer’s literature.
Load was applied on the footing manually by mechanical jack frame arrangement and measured by pre-calibrated proving ring.

In this equation, SA and SB are respectively the curve areas of A and B, while aA and aB are the sensitivity factors of A and B respectively
The characterisation techniques for finding physico-chemical properties and semiconducting characteristics of thermal oxide scale are later reviewed.
Shamanian, An assessment of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of dissimilar welds between Inconel 718 and 310S austenitic stainless steel, Int.
Liang, Photoelectrochemical study on semiconductor properties of oxide films on alloy 600 in high temperature water with ZnO addition, J.
Chandra-ambhorn, Relationship between entry temperature and properties of thermal oxide scale on low carbon steel strips, Steel Res.

Chloride is the main factor of structure’s corrosion in the marine environment.
It has better microphase separation, better coating mechanical properties and better adhesion strength.
The above phenomenon may be the 40 ± 2μm coating affected by the state of concrete surface, did not form a continuous, complete, defect-free coating film.
References [1] Huang Weibo, Lu Ping, Dependence of Dynamic Mechanical Property and Morphology of Polyaspartic Esters Based Polyureas on Curing Temperature.

This paper summarizes the features and properties of environmentally friendly materials, then analyzes cases of applying environmentally friendly materials through the research and formation of landscape infrastructure.
Environmentally friendly materials should have the necessary engineering characteristics (such as physical properties, mechanical properties, etc.), excellent performance and high reliability.
It was discovered that certain types of infrastructure are weak in intensification and they do not require a closed operation and we often need to open our mind, and integrate the property of urban public space.
In this book, McHarg considered the landscape as a system with humans, biological and abiotic factors.
This kind of single-functional park mode has severely affected effectiveness of the city's services.

These processes involve high deposition temperatures that restring the use on substrates that can not be exposed to high temperature without degradation of the mechanical properties.
It is reasonable to think that Zr additions only affect the precursors generation, leading to the partial pressures of the Al-chlorides change drastically and favouring the aluminium deposition. 01234567891011 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Chromium Aluminium Iron % Atómic Distance from the surface (μm) Fig. 4.
Table II Energy of activation and frequency factor.
The activation energy for single Al deposition and Al/4%wtZr deposition is 122.9 and 125.8 kJ mol-1 respectively, which are practically the same, since in both cases the deposition kinetics are controlled by the same factors.
The increasing in the deposition rate in case of the Al/Zr deposition system is related with the higher frequency factor in this deposition system.

Such a wide set of information collected has been used for investigation of the collective effect of the above mentioned variables on the surface properties of timber structures exposed to weathering.
All of them need to consider the environmental factors that influence further performance of wood.
The chemical changes and the effects of degradation on the physical properties to the coating layer/bulk as well as aesthetical properties are of special concern.
Gloss analysis Gloss meter REFO 60 produced by DrLange with an angle of incidence of 60° has been used for measuring light-reflective properties of the surfaces.
Yildiz, Weathering Properties of Wood Species Treated with Different Coating Applications, BioResources 7,4 (2012) 4875-4888.