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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Saravanan Karuppanan, Dinesh Kumaran Palaniandy, Mohd Shahir Liew, Zubair Imam Syed
Reported Collision Incidents in the UK Continental Shelf from the years of 1975 to 2001 [1]
Vessel type
Supply Vessels
Stand-by vessels
Attendant vessels
Passing Vessels
Unspecified vessels
Number of Incidents
353
87
74
8
35
Percentage of occurrence
63.4%
15.6%
13.3%
1.4%
6.3%
Responding to this indication of threat from supply vessels, oil and gas operators in Malaysian waters opted to use the conventional riser-guards as a riser-protection system.
However, for operations in Malaysian waters, the PETRONAS Technical Standards [10] specifies lower requirement for design impact energy for a range of vessel displacement, which is available in Table 2.
This range can also be used as a benchmarking when a new riser-guard system is to be developed and introduced for platforms in Malaysian waters.
I. diacriTech, Ed., Oxford, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2012, p. 192
However, for operations in Malaysian waters, the PETRONAS Technical Standards [10] specifies lower requirement for design impact energy for a range of vessel displacement, which is available in Table 2.
This range can also be used as a benchmarking when a new riser-guard system is to be developed and introduced for platforms in Malaysian waters.
I. diacriTech, Ed., Oxford, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2012, p. 192
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Zhong Yao, Yan Bai, Yong Chao Shen, Xin Wang
Fengtian Cai found that even in the professional drivers, different driving habits will lead to vehicle fuel consumption difference range from 2% to 12% [7].
Experiment showed that if the distance is 5 kilometers, we will need 15%-20% more fuel when the water temperature of starting up is 20°C than 40°C.
Table 4: The fuel of different water temperature Water temperature(°C) Distance (Km) Fuel (L/km) 20 5 0.731 40 5 0.575 Conclusion In this paper, we described three bad driving habits that is change lanes frequently to overtake, often turn the steering wheel and warm up the car for a long time.
Experiment showed that if the distance is 5 kilometers, we will need 15%-20% more fuel when the water temperature of starting up is 20°C than 40°C.
Table 4: The fuel of different water temperature Water temperature(°C) Distance (Km) Fuel (L/km) 20 5 0.731 40 5 0.575 Conclusion In this paper, we described three bad driving habits that is change lanes frequently to overtake, often turn the steering wheel and warm up the car for a long time.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Bin Quan Zhang, Yong Sheng Chen
Next, the designing and planning of a residential community is taken as an example to analyze such exploration and professional means.
It is a green of proper size in the garden and the water next to it on one side, and walk deeper along it, you will enter a residence cluster, and each is made up of by various residence blocks containing several living units.
The clear spring water washes the dirty and ensures a healthy living environment.
The plane skin texture of VFG is full of various enjoyments, with central pergola and water in twists and turns strewing at random among surrounding buildings which contrast finely with each other.
It is a green of proper size in the garden and the water next to it on one side, and walk deeper along it, you will enter a residence cluster, and each is made up of by various residence blocks containing several living units.
The clear spring water washes the dirty and ensures a healthy living environment.
The plane skin texture of VFG is full of various enjoyments, with central pergola and water in twists and turns strewing at random among surrounding buildings which contrast finely with each other.
Application of "3S" Technology in Surveying and Mapping in the Glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Feng Li, Xian Wei Shi, Hai Yan Liu, Bo Li, Tie Ming Yu
In addition, Station should avoid the vicinity of the waters of the large plot, in order to prevent the generation of multi-channel effects.
Sentence translation or interpretation, also known as image interpretation, specifically refers to the process that information’s acquisition from the image, to the professional requirements, with actual knowledge, experience and interpret the signs to identify the goal of remote sensing images, quantitative and qualitative objectives of function, structure, distribution of information extracted from, and ultimately display in the geographical map.
Water Science & Technology and Economic.2005,(06) [7] Xiaoyong Zhang,Gengnian Liu,Yuanjiang Ju,Hairong Fu.
Soil and Water Conservation,2005,(04)
Sentence translation or interpretation, also known as image interpretation, specifically refers to the process that information’s acquisition from the image, to the professional requirements, with actual knowledge, experience and interpret the signs to identify the goal of remote sensing images, quantitative and qualitative objectives of function, structure, distribution of information extracted from, and ultimately display in the geographical map.
Water Science & Technology and Economic.2005,(06) [7] Xiaoyong Zhang,Gengnian Liu,Yuanjiang Ju,Hairong Fu.
Soil and Water Conservation,2005,(04)
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Bing Yan
Especially the data collection is difficult, making model is complex, it will take a lot of time and energy of professional personnel, so the architector and user urgently need to build an easy evaluation tool.
(4)The green building evaluation system should consider several following aspects: (a)in the process of building constructing and using, the effective protection of the environment is mainly by adjusting the mode of using energy to reduce the pollution of air, land and water, and improve the quality of the environment; (b)Natural resources should be used carefully.
By providing durable and adjustable buildings, it choose the materials and products with good environment quality; it should advocate building repeat using and water conservation and reuse, etc.; (5)It should reduce the using of harmful substance, and provides high quality built environment and indoor environment, ensure the comfort degree and health degree of user; It should reduce the equipment system’s initial investment and long term operation cost; It should use the renewable resources and reduce the dependence of the non-renewable resources.
For example, if it does not firstly analyze the energy consumption, land, water, and materials, then it is impossible to evaluate the usage of resource.
(4)The green building evaluation system should consider several following aspects: (a)in the process of building constructing and using, the effective protection of the environment is mainly by adjusting the mode of using energy to reduce the pollution of air, land and water, and improve the quality of the environment; (b)Natural resources should be used carefully.
By providing durable and adjustable buildings, it choose the materials and products with good environment quality; it should advocate building repeat using and water conservation and reuse, etc.; (5)It should reduce the using of harmful substance, and provides high quality built environment and indoor environment, ensure the comfort degree and health degree of user; It should reduce the equipment system’s initial investment and long term operation cost; It should use the renewable resources and reduce the dependence of the non-renewable resources.
For example, if it does not firstly analyze the energy consumption, land, water, and materials, then it is impossible to evaluate the usage of resource.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Gang Li
Basic knowledge of polymer materials
With oil, coal, natural gas, water, air and salt as raw materials, the low molecular material monomer is prepared (such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, formaldehyde etc.).
(7)Good water and moisture resistance Most polymer hydrophobicity is very strong with good waterproof and moisture resistance.
The main disadvantages of polymer materials are: heat resistance and water resistance is poor, easy to age, low elastic modulus, and high price.
This data is recorded in some professional books, and here they are not discussed one by one.
(7)Good water and moisture resistance Most polymer hydrophobicity is very strong with good waterproof and moisture resistance.
The main disadvantages of polymer materials are: heat resistance and water resistance is poor, easy to age, low elastic modulus, and high price.
This data is recorded in some professional books, and here they are not discussed one by one.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yu Ping Zhao, Yu Hai Xu
Research on the 45Mn Materials Forging Properties
ZHAO Yu-ping1, XU Yu-hai2
1ZHAO Yu-ping ,2XU Yu-hai, Ningxia Industry and Commerce Professional Technology College,Ningxia750021,China.
1Email:1048817108@qq.com
2Email: nxjdxyh@163.com
Keywords: 45Mn, Forging performance, Microstructure, Microscopic analysis, Forging process
Abstract In this paper, we study the 45Mn steel material forging performance, and the results show that: as long as choosing reasonable forging process parameters, such as the crack forging defects can be avoided.
After a solid solution treatment the performance of the steel had great changes. 1050 ℃ water after quenching get austenitic organization.
The water treatment in chrome toughness 45Mn steel most of solid soluble in austenitic.
Quench Heating 850 ℃, Heat Preservation 3 Hours, Cooling Medium: Water; Tempering Heating 530 ℃, Heat Preservation 3 Hours, Cooling Medium: Air.
After a solid solution treatment the performance of the steel had great changes. 1050 ℃ water after quenching get austenitic organization.
The water treatment in chrome toughness 45Mn steel most of solid soluble in austenitic.
Quench Heating 850 ℃, Heat Preservation 3 Hours, Cooling Medium: Water; Tempering Heating 530 ℃, Heat Preservation 3 Hours, Cooling Medium: Air.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Zhong Jie Fan, Ming Dong Zang, Ji Wei Xu, Jia He, Jian Wei Qiao, Yi Liu
In recent years, international researches on centrifuge begin to evolve towards the professional direction.
Table 1 The division of historical development stages of centrifugal model test Stage Research Time Major project Country (Institution) The first stage Development of centrifugal model 1869 Development of theory France The second stage Establishment of centrifuge model and preliminary studies 1930-1960 Slope stability, Military use The US, Soviet Union The third stage Opening of equipment production, observation measurement 1960-1970 Geostatic stress problems, Stress problem of sharp drawdown of water surface Osaka City University, University of Cambridge The fourth stage Development of large centrifuge development, applications of computers and electronization 1970-1980 Diversification of simulation problems ( soil pore pressure, retaining wall earth pressure, excavation of deep foundation pit) University of Manchester, University of Cambridge, Japanese Gulf Research Institute The fifth stage Application of dynamic load, Seismic structure 1977-1991 Liquefaction, Earth-rockfill dam
During this period, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research produced a large-scale geotechnical centrifuge with the maximum acceleration rate of 300g and the capacity of 450g-t, which ranks fourth in the world [8]; Department of Hydraulic Engineering of Tsinghua University created a geotechnical centrifuge with the maximum acceleration rate of 250g and the capacity of 50g-t in 1993 [9].
Table 3 China's main centrifuges and their technical indicators Units Compl-etion time Effective radius (m) Maximum acceleration(g) Size of model (m) Maxim-um load(kg) Capac-ity(gt) Notes (model) CNAC 511 plant 1960 6.5 80 Power 145k WDC 800 140 Aircraft Industry The second ministry of machine building 1969 10.8 70 R0.98* 0.88 2000 140 Aircraft Industry The Fourth Institute of the Ninth Aviation Academy 1985 10.8 110 0.92,0.67,0.3 3000 330 National defence Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute 1992 5.0 200 1.1,1.1, 1.1 2000 400 NS-400gt Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 1985 3 300 1.1,0.33, 0.5 10000 180 Shanghai Railway Institute 1987 1.55 200 0.48,0.24,0.32 100 20 Model L-30 Sichuan University 1990 1.5 250 0.48,0.31,0.3 100 25 Chengdu University of Science 1991 1.54 250 0.6,0.4, 0.4 100 25 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research 1993 4 300 1.5,1.0, 1.5 1500 450 LXJ-4-450 Tsinghua University 1993 2 200 0.75,0.5, 0.6 Static force 250 50 TH-50gt 0.495,0.2,0.3
Table 1 The division of historical development stages of centrifugal model test Stage Research Time Major project Country (Institution) The first stage Development of centrifugal model 1869 Development of theory France The second stage Establishment of centrifuge model and preliminary studies 1930-1960 Slope stability, Military use The US, Soviet Union The third stage Opening of equipment production, observation measurement 1960-1970 Geostatic stress problems, Stress problem of sharp drawdown of water surface Osaka City University, University of Cambridge The fourth stage Development of large centrifuge development, applications of computers and electronization 1970-1980 Diversification of simulation problems ( soil pore pressure, retaining wall earth pressure, excavation of deep foundation pit) University of Manchester, University of Cambridge, Japanese Gulf Research Institute The fifth stage Application of dynamic load, Seismic structure 1977-1991 Liquefaction, Earth-rockfill dam
During this period, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research produced a large-scale geotechnical centrifuge with the maximum acceleration rate of 300g and the capacity of 450g-t, which ranks fourth in the world [8]; Department of Hydraulic Engineering of Tsinghua University created a geotechnical centrifuge with the maximum acceleration rate of 250g and the capacity of 50g-t in 1993 [9].
Table 3 China's main centrifuges and their technical indicators Units Compl-etion time Effective radius (m) Maximum acceleration(g) Size of model (m) Maxim-um load(kg) Capac-ity(gt) Notes (model) CNAC 511 plant 1960 6.5 80 Power 145k WDC 800 140 Aircraft Industry The second ministry of machine building 1969 10.8 70 R0.98* 0.88 2000 140 Aircraft Industry The Fourth Institute of the Ninth Aviation Academy 1985 10.8 110 0.92,0.67,0.3 3000 330 National defence Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute 1992 5.0 200 1.1,1.1, 1.1 2000 400 NS-400gt Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 1985 3 300 1.1,0.33, 0.5 10000 180 Shanghai Railway Institute 1987 1.55 200 0.48,0.24,0.32 100 20 Model L-30 Sichuan University 1990 1.5 250 0.48,0.31,0.3 100 25 Chengdu University of Science 1991 1.54 250 0.6,0.4, 0.4 100 25 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research 1993 4 300 1.5,1.0, 1.5 1500 450 LXJ-4-450 Tsinghua University 1993 2 200 0.75,0.5, 0.6 Static force 250 50 TH-50gt 0.495,0.2,0.3
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Kai Shang, Jian Liu
At present, the development of solar energy in our country is largely concentrated in two areas, first, the solar water heater, and the second is photovoltaic power generation.
The research of solar water heater carried out earlier, it has become a large-scale industry, the scale of production and sales are expanding year by year, in urban and rural areas, it gets people's recognition and love.
"Renewable" should also be taken into account, giving priority to consider natural factors, with the resources of clean, renewable, such as solar, wind, renewable water, renewable plant materials in nature, to avoid the exploit-based development path.
Most customers don’t have professional backgrounds, and they are not forward-looking to the landscape designs, and the requirements of designs are mostly from their awareness of the existing landscape works, but few of the existing landscape works are combined with photovoltaic technology, therefore, confronted with breakthrough concept, novel material and high price, many customers feel it difficult to accept.
The research of solar water heater carried out earlier, it has become a large-scale industry, the scale of production and sales are expanding year by year, in urban and rural areas, it gets people's recognition and love.
"Renewable" should also be taken into account, giving priority to consider natural factors, with the resources of clean, renewable, such as solar, wind, renewable water, renewable plant materials in nature, to avoid the exploit-based development path.
Most customers don’t have professional backgrounds, and they are not forward-looking to the landscape designs, and the requirements of designs are mostly from their awareness of the existing landscape works, but few of the existing landscape works are combined with photovoltaic technology, therefore, confronted with breakthrough concept, novel material and high price, many customers feel it difficult to accept.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Fa Gen Yang, Shi Qing Liu, Ling Xu, Wu Di Zhang, Bin Yang, Fang Yin, Xing Ling Zhao, Yu Bao Chen, Jing Liu
China
2Baoshan Medium Professional School, Baoshan 678000, P.
Temperature controlling system consists of temperature controlling instrument (1), water channel (3), electric heating tube (4), circulating pump (6), AC contactor (2) and thermocouple (5).
Design of experiment: fermentation model was batch and dilute concentration fermentation; fermentation temperature was 30 degrees Celsius; fermentation experiments were divided into the control group (120ml inoculum and water) and the experimental group (120ml inoculum, 15g SDR and water), the total volume of fermentation liquid was 400mL.
Temperature controlling system consists of temperature controlling instrument (1), water channel (3), electric heating tube (4), circulating pump (6), AC contactor (2) and thermocouple (5).
Design of experiment: fermentation model was batch and dilute concentration fermentation; fermentation temperature was 30 degrees Celsius; fermentation experiments were divided into the control group (120ml inoculum and water) and the experimental group (120ml inoculum, 15g SDR and water), the total volume of fermentation liquid was 400mL.