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Online since: December 2013
Authors: Hong Luo, Bao Liu Zhang, Zheng Qing Wang
Obviously the water, earth, and air near factories have been ruinously affected.
Straw-burning pollution Currently all crops’ straw yield is about 5.8 million tons, while the latest estimated utilization rate of straw is only about 30%, the straw is treated in various ways, including being abandoned in rivers, lakes, ditches and road sides, or incinerated to ashes, which not only wastes a large amount of resources, but also pollutes the atmosphere and water body while affects the rural ecological environment.
Moreover, the smoke generated during burning process will have severe irritation on people's eyes and throat, even lead to respiratory disease, which greatly affects people's health.
Since the environmental protection plan design adopts a "Polluter Pays" principle, which is a lagging behind planning and mechanism arrangement with strong mechanical properties.
Although the planning process will be impeded by restricting factors, as long as a timely adjustment, it is expected to achieve the ultimate ecological stability, bio-diversity and rational allocation of resources.
Straw-burning pollution Currently all crops’ straw yield is about 5.8 million tons, while the latest estimated utilization rate of straw is only about 30%, the straw is treated in various ways, including being abandoned in rivers, lakes, ditches and road sides, or incinerated to ashes, which not only wastes a large amount of resources, but also pollutes the atmosphere and water body while affects the rural ecological environment.
Moreover, the smoke generated during burning process will have severe irritation on people's eyes and throat, even lead to respiratory disease, which greatly affects people's health.
Since the environmental protection plan design adopts a "Polluter Pays" principle, which is a lagging behind planning and mechanism arrangement with strong mechanical properties.
Although the planning process will be impeded by restricting factors, as long as a timely adjustment, it is expected to achieve the ultimate ecological stability, bio-diversity and rational allocation of resources.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Shamina Akter, Deok Jin Lee, Shin Taek Lim, Kil To Chong
Korea.
2 Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan City, R.O.
The parallel processing properties of CNN makes the proposed method robust for real time application.
If the cells are not directly connected together, it may affect each other indirectly due to the propagation effects of the continuous-time dynamics of CNNs.
Dilation procedure: The size of obstacles in the image can be affected after EROSION so that DILATION [12] templates described by Eq. (5) is used.
The attractive potential field is shown in Fig. 3 with starting point (35,18), goal point (130,175) and scaling factor k=0.5.
The parallel processing properties of CNN makes the proposed method robust for real time application.
If the cells are not directly connected together, it may affect each other indirectly due to the propagation effects of the continuous-time dynamics of CNNs.
Dilation procedure: The size of obstacles in the image can be affected after EROSION so that DILATION [12] templates described by Eq. (5) is used.
The attractive potential field is shown in Fig. 3 with starting point (35,18), goal point (130,175) and scaling factor k=0.5.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Chien Yuan Chen, Chi Xun Tsai
The friction angle between pile and soil is a key factor for a friction pile.
The soil and pile material properties are shown in Table 3.
The pile material properties and soil parameters are listed in Table 4.
Soil strength affects pile’s stability.
Yumay: Interface properties of sands, Geotechnical Division, Vol. 108 (1982), p. 648-654
The soil and pile material properties are shown in Table 3.
The pile material properties and soil parameters are listed in Table 4.
Soil strength affects pile’s stability.
Yumay: Interface properties of sands, Geotechnical Division, Vol. 108 (1982), p. 648-654
Online since: May 2012
Authors: You Gen Tang, Chen Xi Jiang, Ya Zhi Wang, Xiao Pei Gao, Jin Bao Zhang
Additionally, the diffusion of hydrogen and rate properties are improved with the emergence of magnetic field compared with the alloys processed by rapid quenching only.
In order to improve the hydrogen storage properties, considerable researches have been done such as element substitution [5-8], surface modification [9, 10] and heat treatment [11, 12].
Since rapid quenching can improve the cycle life and magnetic field is a favorable factor for the discharge capacity and high rate properties, it seems like a feasible idea to combine them together.
The refinement of grains is also an advantage for better kinetic properties.
Rapid quenching has a negative influence on the kinetic properties, while it is almost eliminated with the imposing of magnetic field
In order to improve the hydrogen storage properties, considerable researches have been done such as element substitution [5-8], surface modification [9, 10] and heat treatment [11, 12].
Since rapid quenching can improve the cycle life and magnetic field is a favorable factor for the discharge capacity and high rate properties, it seems like a feasible idea to combine them together.
The refinement of grains is also an advantage for better kinetic properties.
Rapid quenching has a negative influence on the kinetic properties, while it is almost eliminated with the imposing of magnetic field
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jan Kuriplach, Jakub Čížek, O. Melikhova, I. Procházka, G. Brauer, W. Anwand
Planar defects like stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs) are often present in such
materials and may affect their properties.
The positron correlation potential and enhancement factor from [12] were taken considering the correction for incomplete positron screening.
They are slightly smaller than experimental ones [14] and result in about 4% lower unit cell volume, which also affects calculated positron characteristics.
In order to study the influence of yttrium on the GB properties, a Zr atom at the GB was substituted by Y at two different positions for each GB configuration studied.
From the quantum mechanical view point, both types of studied interfaces should represent twodimensional potential wells for positrons.
The positron correlation potential and enhancement factor from [12] were taken considering the correction for incomplete positron screening.
They are slightly smaller than experimental ones [14] and result in about 4% lower unit cell volume, which also affects calculated positron characteristics.
In order to study the influence of yttrium on the GB properties, a Zr atom at the GB was substituted by Y at two different positions for each GB configuration studied.
From the quantum mechanical view point, both types of studied interfaces should represent twodimensional potential wells for positrons.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Wei Han, Xiao Yu Jia
In recent years, it has been used widely in the USA, Japan and Taiwan ,This article introduces classification of brb briefly as well as the influence of mechanics property and arranging position and so on to resist earthquake.
The main difference between the steel buckling restrained brace and concrete constrained buckling restrained brace is that former constrained component is made of steel, the core force element section is mainly shown in the form of "一" , "十" , "T", groove type, tube type , constraint element are mainly single tube, double steel pipe steel pipe and, etc[5]. 2 Design of buckling restrained brace The axial buckling restrained brace stiffness and internal structure, the elastic modulus of steel core material and other factors, stiffness and axial stiffness and the number of support, setting angle of between layers lateral.
The calculation of ultimate bearing capacity of brb: (4) Where Ry is overstrength factor yield section steel core, for the Q235 steel, Ry=1.15, ω is the strain hardening coefficient, for the Q235 steel, ω=1.6, Fby is brb yield capacity.
(a)Compressive Buckling Behavior of ordinary support (b) Anti compression buckling stability behavior support Fig.6 Compression behavior of ordinary brace and brb (2) simpler Flexible structure design ①The brb can easily adjust the support stiffness by changing the core length support according to the strength of selection section, as a result ,the design more flexible. ②For the irregular plane structure, the stiffness center and the center of mass are often incon-sistent, the brb can be obtained better effect than the common support by adjusting the structure of the torsional stiffness. ③The brb can also give structure to provide adequate stiffness and damping, without the use of large support, the space utilization rate is higher. ④In the structure design, brb can be simplified as two force model, the constitutive relation of the bilinear model, mechanical model is more simple
(4) High reliability and maintainability Compared with the viscous damper and friction damper, BRB does not exist the problem of oil leakage, yield force depends on the steel material, will not be affected by the natural environment , so its performance is more stable and reliable. 5 Conclusions To sum up, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) In the earthquake, the brb has good hysteretic performance, plump hysteretic curve, stability, energy dissipation capacity, the seismic performance of the structure
The main difference between the steel buckling restrained brace and concrete constrained buckling restrained brace is that former constrained component is made of steel, the core force element section is mainly shown in the form of "一" , "十" , "T", groove type, tube type , constraint element are mainly single tube, double steel pipe steel pipe and, etc[5]. 2 Design of buckling restrained brace The axial buckling restrained brace stiffness and internal structure, the elastic modulus of steel core material and other factors, stiffness and axial stiffness and the number of support, setting angle of between layers lateral.
The calculation of ultimate bearing capacity of brb: (4) Where Ry is overstrength factor yield section steel core, for the Q235 steel, Ry=1.15, ω is the strain hardening coefficient, for the Q235 steel, ω=1.6, Fby is brb yield capacity.
(a)Compressive Buckling Behavior of ordinary support (b) Anti compression buckling stability behavior support Fig.6 Compression behavior of ordinary brace and brb (2) simpler Flexible structure design ①The brb can easily adjust the support stiffness by changing the core length support according to the strength of selection section, as a result ,the design more flexible. ②For the irregular plane structure, the stiffness center and the center of mass are often incon-sistent, the brb can be obtained better effect than the common support by adjusting the structure of the torsional stiffness. ③The brb can also give structure to provide adequate stiffness and damping, without the use of large support, the space utilization rate is higher. ④In the structure design, brb can be simplified as two force model, the constitutive relation of the bilinear model, mechanical model is more simple
(4) High reliability and maintainability Compared with the viscous damper and friction damper, BRB does not exist the problem of oil leakage, yield force depends on the steel material, will not be affected by the natural environment , so its performance is more stable and reliable. 5 Conclusions To sum up, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) In the earthquake, the brb has good hysteretic performance, plump hysteretic curve, stability, energy dissipation capacity, the seismic performance of the structure
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Robert Schafrik, Robert Sprague
Note that alloy 718 accounted for
well over 50 percent of the total.[4]
Many factors contributed to the evolution of today's alloys.
However, this tailoring causes a reduction in other mechanical and/or physical properties
These factors combined to make cobalt advantageous in static part applications that do not require high strength.
This was attributable to several factors.
The history of materials and process development for jet engines contains several prominent themes that will continue to be major factors
However, this tailoring causes a reduction in other mechanical and/or physical properties
These factors combined to make cobalt advantageous in static part applications that do not require high strength.
This was attributable to several factors.
The history of materials and process development for jet engines contains several prominent themes that will continue to be major factors
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ji Yu Zheng
The physical and mechanical parameters of each layer in the numerical model as shown in table 1.
Tab.1 Physical and mechanical property of rock Rock types Thickness /m Compressive strength /MPa Modulus of elasticity/ GPa Poisson's ratio/µ Density /g/cm3 Medium-grained Sandstone 6.92 79.94 44 0.16 2.64 Sandy mudstone 5.29 56.08 27 0.2 2.62 Mudstone 4.73 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 23 coal 1.3 15 9 0.3 1.28 Sandy mudstone 7.26 56.08 27 0.2 2.01 Big accounting Sandstone 10.62 78.38 36 0.25 2.64 Mudstone 1.09 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 21 coal 5.2 15 9 0.3 1.35 Mudstone 4.7 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 Sandy mudstone 3.26 56.08 27 0.2 2.62 L8 limestone 4.42 30 19 0.25 2.6 18 coal 0.3 15 9 0.3 1.36 mudstone 1.05 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 L7 limestone 4.98 30 25 0.2 2.61 The acoustic emission with working face advancing changes to study the deformation and failure of coal and rock mass.
Under the existing experimental conditions, 2.5 m × 0.25 m × 1.4 m (L × W × H) specification model shelves just to test, considering the model according to the selected frame size and other conditions, to determine the similarity coefficient based on the similarity theorem of geometry likelihood ratio (1/50), the time similarity ratio (1/7), bulk density similar ratio (0.68), and other related factors.
According to this test simulation of rock properties to choice fine river sand as aggregate, calcium carbonate and gypsum as cementing material, using sodium tetraborate (borax) as a retarder.
Before protective layer mining, the protected layer is not affected, the coal seam permeability coefficient in original condition. 21 coal seam the original permeability coefficient of about 0.02 m2/Mpa2·d.
Tab.1 Physical and mechanical property of rock Rock types Thickness /m Compressive strength /MPa Modulus of elasticity/ GPa Poisson's ratio/µ Density /g/cm3 Medium-grained Sandstone 6.92 79.94 44 0.16 2.64 Sandy mudstone 5.29 56.08 27 0.2 2.62 Mudstone 4.73 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 23 coal 1.3 15 9 0.3 1.28 Sandy mudstone 7.26 56.08 27 0.2 2.01 Big accounting Sandstone 10.62 78.38 36 0.25 2.64 Mudstone 1.09 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 21 coal 5.2 15 9 0.3 1.35 Mudstone 4.7 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 Sandy mudstone 3.26 56.08 27 0.2 2.62 L8 limestone 4.42 30 19 0.25 2.6 18 coal 0.3 15 9 0.3 1.36 mudstone 1.05 27.46 18.7 0.2 2.59 L7 limestone 4.98 30 25 0.2 2.61 The acoustic emission with working face advancing changes to study the deformation and failure of coal and rock mass.
Under the existing experimental conditions, 2.5 m × 0.25 m × 1.4 m (L × W × H) specification model shelves just to test, considering the model according to the selected frame size and other conditions, to determine the similarity coefficient based on the similarity theorem of geometry likelihood ratio (1/50), the time similarity ratio (1/7), bulk density similar ratio (0.68), and other related factors.
According to this test simulation of rock properties to choice fine river sand as aggregate, calcium carbonate and gypsum as cementing material, using sodium tetraborate (borax) as a retarder.
Before protective layer mining, the protected layer is not affected, the coal seam permeability coefficient in original condition. 21 coal seam the original permeability coefficient of about 0.02 m2/Mpa2·d.
Online since: June 2007
Authors: Choong Ho Lee, Young Tae Cho, Je Woong Park, David K. Hsu, Kwang Hee Im
Especially, the
importance of carbon-fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) has been generally recognized and CFRPs
are a material class for which nondestructive characterization of the material property is as
important as flaw detection [2-6].
One of important factors is the layup sequence, which can greatly influence the CFRP composite performance.
If one ply is misaligned in the layup sequence, it can drastically alter the mechanical performance of composite laminates.
It is thought that the fiber direction of CFRP laminates affected to shear wave ultrasonic signals.
One of important factors is the layup sequence, which can greatly influence the CFRP composite performance.
If one ply is misaligned in the layup sequence, it can drastically alter the mechanical performance of composite laminates.
It is thought that the fiber direction of CFRP laminates affected to shear wave ultrasonic signals.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jing Hong Liu, Wen Han, Shao Xian Zhang
The second type is caused by the mechanical deformation change material cracks, mainly caused by temperature stress and the deformation of concrete change.
Temperature variations produced by deformation affected by concrete internal and external constraints, produce large stress is the main cause of the cracks of concrete.
Fig.3 Computation model To calculate the temperature field, the influence of the main factors internal temperature of concrete cement hydration heat, we use double exponential equation: (1) Where, - age of t when the cumulative heat of hydration of cement, kJ/kg. - the final instars when the cumulative heat of hydration of cement, kJ/kg. t- age. a, b - cement water of the heat transfer coefficient.
The thermal property of concrete based on the weight percentage of each component is calculated using the formula of the surface of the radiation coefficient: (2) Where,- insulation thickness. - thermal conductivity of insulation layer. - the outermost layer of air between the insulation resistance.
Temperature variations produced by deformation affected by concrete internal and external constraints, produce large stress is the main cause of the cracks of concrete.
Fig.3 Computation model To calculate the temperature field, the influence of the main factors internal temperature of concrete cement hydration heat, we use double exponential equation: (1) Where, - age of t when the cumulative heat of hydration of cement, kJ/kg. - the final instars when the cumulative heat of hydration of cement, kJ/kg. t- age. a, b - cement water of the heat transfer coefficient.
The thermal property of concrete based on the weight percentage of each component is calculated using the formula of the surface of the radiation coefficient: (2) Where,- insulation thickness. - thermal conductivity of insulation layer. - the outermost layer of air between the insulation resistance.