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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Shi Cun Sun, Ze Song Wei
The paper focuses on how building materials affect architecture form and ultimately is reflected in our academic design and daily life, how the development of construction materials in the history and at present influences the tectonic form, and whether it is feasible to introduce the element of construction materials into architectural appraisal.
The Architectural Form Innovation Through Modern Building Materials Understanding the history of the tectonic way of corresponding material, it will be much easier for us to understand the radical changes of architectural form since the industrial revolution: human beings uses more building materials freely, the higher performance of materials achieving is the decisive factor.
To reflect the mechanical properties of materials faithfully is just the essence of tectonic culture, the wood’s characteristics of high specific strength and easy processing is obviously .Tadao Ando, another master architect designed Japan Pavilion in Seville, Spain Expo which also reflects greatly the characteristics of the wood structure - high specific strength and wood tectonic does not require a large cross-section, instead of the small cross-section components intensive stack, which not only can get the same intensity of the large cross-section, but makes the structure more stability by scatting the nodes, and the inner the mechanism of tectonic that the ancient Chinese brackets was produced.
Because the simple requirements of the construction material for recycled is not so efficient as good as people thought it would be [5] For materials, to judge energy-saving or not, we should not only pay attention to the impact of the physical properties of the building, not even a single included in the energy production process, but to consider their life-cycle energy consumption, that is, the value of recycled.
Kenneth said, CCTV building, whether from the construction of honest or in the view of logical in project, reaches the perverse extent… it is not necessarily to create a compelling image so indiscriminate and irrational in the use of the material It may be the helpless cries of the architect adhere to the ideal of tectonic when the building materials are difficult to breakthrough nowadays, however, it is no doubt that the advances in building materials will affect our architectural forms, even the content.
The Architectural Form Innovation Through Modern Building Materials Understanding the history of the tectonic way of corresponding material, it will be much easier for us to understand the radical changes of architectural form since the industrial revolution: human beings uses more building materials freely, the higher performance of materials achieving is the decisive factor.
To reflect the mechanical properties of materials faithfully is just the essence of tectonic culture, the wood’s characteristics of high specific strength and easy processing is obviously .Tadao Ando, another master architect designed Japan Pavilion in Seville, Spain Expo which also reflects greatly the characteristics of the wood structure - high specific strength and wood tectonic does not require a large cross-section, instead of the small cross-section components intensive stack, which not only can get the same intensity of the large cross-section, but makes the structure more stability by scatting the nodes, and the inner the mechanism of tectonic that the ancient Chinese brackets was produced.
Because the simple requirements of the construction material for recycled is not so efficient as good as people thought it would be [5] For materials, to judge energy-saving or not, we should not only pay attention to the impact of the physical properties of the building, not even a single included in the energy production process, but to consider their life-cycle energy consumption, that is, the value of recycled.
Kenneth said, CCTV building, whether from the construction of honest or in the view of logical in project, reaches the perverse extent… it is not necessarily to create a compelling image so indiscriminate and irrational in the use of the material It may be the helpless cries of the architect adhere to the ideal of tectonic when the building materials are difficult to breakthrough nowadays, however, it is no doubt that the advances in building materials will affect our architectural forms, even the content.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Carmen Andrade, Eric Ivan Moreno, Andres Torres-Acosta, Jose Trinidad Pérez-Quiroz, Miguel Martínez-Madrid, Elia Alonso-Guzmán, Pedro Castro-Borges, Juan Genescá-Llongueras, Benjamin Valdez-Salas, Luis Eduardo Ariza-Aguilar, Miguel Baltazar, Demetrio Nieves, Facundo Almeraya-Calderón, Citlali Gaona-Tiburcio, Tezozomoc Pérez-López, Esteban López-Vázquez, Jorge Rodriguez, Nuria Rebolledo, Oladis Troconis-Rincón, Wilfrido Martínez Molina
The third phase, TRL (or residual life stage), starts from the time of external visual degradation (cracks < 0.1 mm wide) until a degradation level is such that the design load factors (e.g., for ACI318 Standard, 1.2 and 1.6 for dead and live loads, respectively) equals unity, before structural collapse.
Table 3 presents the physical properties from the concrete mixtures used, mainly concrete capillary properties (effective porosity (ε), the coefficient of capillary absorption (ka), the resistance to water penetration (m)), compressive strength, and cement content.
Concrete mixture physical properties (mean average from three specimens).
Due to the different properties from both concrete mixtures, it is expected a faster carbonation for the 0.65 w/c ratio mixture, as well as a higher corrosion rate in the future when rebar start to depassivate.
So, this variable may be affecting the potentiality analysis performed (see Table 2).
Table 3 presents the physical properties from the concrete mixtures used, mainly concrete capillary properties (effective porosity (ε), the coefficient of capillary absorption (ka), the resistance to water penetration (m)), compressive strength, and cement content.
Concrete mixture physical properties (mean average from three specimens).
Due to the different properties from both concrete mixtures, it is expected a faster carbonation for the 0.65 w/c ratio mixture, as well as a higher corrosion rate in the future when rebar start to depassivate.
So, this variable may be affecting the potentiality analysis performed (see Table 2).
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Catherine Corina G. Papanicolaou, Spyros R. Maroudas
Textile properties are given in Table 1.
For the determination of these mechanical properties, mortar prisms were taken from the same batch used for the TRM overlays’ construction and were cured next to the shear bond specimens under the same conditions.
[18] EN 13934:1999, Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics, Brussels, 1999
Li, Improved mechanical properties of textile reinforced concrete thin plate, J.
[21] Donnini J, Corinaldesi V, Nanni A, Mechanical properties of FRCM using carbon fabrics with different coating treatments.
For the determination of these mechanical properties, mortar prisms were taken from the same batch used for the TRM overlays’ construction and were cured next to the shear bond specimens under the same conditions.
[18] EN 13934:1999, Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics, Brussels, 1999
Li, Improved mechanical properties of textile reinforced concrete thin plate, J.
[21] Donnini J, Corinaldesi V, Nanni A, Mechanical properties of FRCM using carbon fabrics with different coating treatments.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Poppy Puspitasari, Retno Wulandari, Aloon Eko Widiono, Ardianto Prasetiyo, Sukarni Sukarni
As a semiconductor type metal oxide group, TiO2 has strong and stable catalytic properties.
Equation (1) becomes: dαdt = Aβ еxp -EαRT(1-α)n (3) where T is the Kelvin temperature, R is the gas constant (0.008314 kJ/mol K), Ea is the activation energy (kJ/mol), and A is the pre-exponential factor (min-1).
Changes in Ea and A revealed that the addition of metal oxide (TiO2) affected the arrangement of the bonds in the chemical structure of microalgae [10, 16].
Oda, Bioflocculation of the oceanic microalga Dunaliella salina by the bloom- forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama , and its effect on biodiesel properties of the biomass, Bioresour.
Ma, Study on catalytic properties of potassium carbonate during the process of sawdust pyrolysis, Int.
Equation (1) becomes: dαdt = Aβ еxp -EαRT(1-α)n (3) where T is the Kelvin temperature, R is the gas constant (0.008314 kJ/mol K), Ea is the activation energy (kJ/mol), and A is the pre-exponential factor (min-1).
Changes in Ea and A revealed that the addition of metal oxide (TiO2) affected the arrangement of the bonds in the chemical structure of microalgae [10, 16].
Oda, Bioflocculation of the oceanic microalga Dunaliella salina by the bloom- forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama , and its effect on biodiesel properties of the biomass, Bioresour.
Ma, Study on catalytic properties of potassium carbonate during the process of sawdust pyrolysis, Int.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Yu Wang, Jing Hai Zhou, Yao Wu, Yong Jun Liu
It was a combination of factors that brought down the towers.
Their study revealed that the PEF performance of steel frames was affected by the lateral deformation caused by the seismic ground motion [1].
In order to consider the effects of damages to the structural elements during the earthquake, degradation of material mechanical properties and heat penetration due to cracks, were considered for the post-earthquake fire analysis [2].
Conclusions Multi-hazards have occurred in various structures frequently, result in life and property loss, and led to serious damage even complete collapse of structures.
Their study revealed that the PEF performance of steel frames was affected by the lateral deformation caused by the seismic ground motion [1].
In order to consider the effects of damages to the structural elements during the earthquake, degradation of material mechanical properties and heat penetration due to cracks, were considered for the post-earthquake fire analysis [2].
Conclusions Multi-hazards have occurred in various structures frequently, result in life and property loss, and led to serious damage even complete collapse of structures.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: Alexander Savchenko, Oleksii Basmanov, Serhii Hovalenkov
It is during this period of time that it is necessary to evacuate tanks from the heat-affected zone or to begin cooling them.
Not taken into account a number of factors that are to a large item penalties can affect the time: - burning area; - type of burning substance; - distance from the tank to the burning site; - direction and speed of the wind tilting the torch, etc.
Advantages: used in laboratory studies of the properties of GFS (OP-301 sprayers).
These methods make it possible to obtain finely divided drops, which positively affects the gel formation on the protected surface.
The technology is implemented in standard firefighting equipment (PS-5 foam mixer); it is used for dosed addition of a foaming agent solution into water and for obtaining air-mechanical foam.
Not taken into account a number of factors that are to a large item penalties can affect the time: - burning area; - type of burning substance; - distance from the tank to the burning site; - direction and speed of the wind tilting the torch, etc.
Advantages: used in laboratory studies of the properties of GFS (OP-301 sprayers).
These methods make it possible to obtain finely divided drops, which positively affects the gel formation on the protected surface.
The technology is implemented in standard firefighting equipment (PS-5 foam mixer); it is used for dosed addition of a foaming agent solution into water and for obtaining air-mechanical foam.
Online since: September 2024
Authors: Enkhtor Sukhbaatar, Rene Tschaggelar, Erdene-Ochir Ganbold, Rentsenmyadag Dashzeveg, Munkhtsetseg Sambuu, Narkhajid Ganbold, Baasanjargal Saruultuya, Bilguun-Od Norov, Munkhjin Ganbold, Altankhuu Bayarsaikhan
Dugarjav et al. [7]
were focused on producing biochar products through pyrolysis process and established thermal energy
quantification, though not yet defined production properties in level of molecular structure.
In other hand, characteristics, particularly, physicochemical properties of productions made from solid biomaterials can be dependent on individual pyrolysis reaction [10-12].
Moreover, many other factors such as combustion kinetics, kinetic rates of conversion processes, pyrolysis processing duration, elemental consistency of original materials could affect [10, 18-20] in effectiveness of the production and its further properties.
For example, at temperature range between 2000C and 3000C the torrefaction in which improvement of mechanical properties comes out [8].
Table 2: Heavy elemental analysis result of produced biochar Element content, % or ppm Al, % Ca, % S, % Fe, % Mg, % P, % Mn, ppm Ag, ppm Ba, ppm 1.80 1.89 0.64 1.16 0.37 0.53 23.18 <1 2.06 Proximate analysis result is one of key properties of coal like productions.
In other hand, characteristics, particularly, physicochemical properties of productions made from solid biomaterials can be dependent on individual pyrolysis reaction [10-12].
Moreover, many other factors such as combustion kinetics, kinetic rates of conversion processes, pyrolysis processing duration, elemental consistency of original materials could affect [10, 18-20] in effectiveness of the production and its further properties.
For example, at temperature range between 2000C and 3000C the torrefaction in which improvement of mechanical properties comes out [8].
Table 2: Heavy elemental analysis result of produced biochar Element content, % or ppm Al, % Ca, % S, % Fe, % Mg, % P, % Mn, ppm Ag, ppm Ba, ppm 1.80 1.89 0.64 1.16 0.37 0.53 23.18 <1 2.06 Proximate analysis result is one of key properties of coal like productions.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Tian You Peng, Shuang Hou, Xiao Hua Sun, Xing Zhong Zhao, Xiu Leng Li
The effects of Fe doping on the microstructure, dielectric and tunable properties of thin films were analyzed.
For PST, Yang et al. reported the improved significantly dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Mn doped Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films [H13H].
The structural and dielectric properties of PST thin films were characterized by various techniques.
The microstructure is one of the key parameters determining the dielectric properties.
The structural, surface morphological and dielectric properties of PST thin films were investigated as a function of Fe concentration.
For PST, Yang et al. reported the improved significantly dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Mn doped Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films [H13H].
The structural and dielectric properties of PST thin films were characterized by various techniques.
The microstructure is one of the key parameters determining the dielectric properties.
The structural, surface morphological and dielectric properties of PST thin films were investigated as a function of Fe concentration.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Stefan Junk, Rebecca Matt
Comparison of penetration depth and strength parameters
To determine the changes of the material properties, in particular their strength, due to the utilization of the new infiltration process, various material tests were performed.
Figure 4: Comparison of material properties using manual or automatic infiltration Comparison of process duration and cost The automatic infiltration results in a significant increase of the process duration for the overall manufacturing process.
The main purpose of this reworking is to improve the tribological properties of the tool during the forming process.
Small cracks on the surface of the female die did not affect the application of the “hybrid tool”.
Oh, A benchmark study on rapid prototyping processes and machines: Quantitative comparisons of mechanical properties, accuracy, roughness, speed, and material cost, in: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B (Journal of Engineering Manufacture), Birmingham, AL (USA): Professional Engineering Publishing (2008) 201-215
Figure 4: Comparison of material properties using manual or automatic infiltration Comparison of process duration and cost The automatic infiltration results in a significant increase of the process duration for the overall manufacturing process.
The main purpose of this reworking is to improve the tribological properties of the tool during the forming process.
Small cracks on the surface of the female die did not affect the application of the “hybrid tool”.
Oh, A benchmark study on rapid prototyping processes and machines: Quantitative comparisons of mechanical properties, accuracy, roughness, speed, and material cost, in: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B (Journal of Engineering Manufacture), Birmingham, AL (USA): Professional Engineering Publishing (2008) 201-215
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jan Kuriplach, Jakub Čížek, O. Melikhova, I. Procházka, G. Brauer, W. Anwand
Planar defects like stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs) are often present in such
materials and may affect their properties.
The positron correlation potential and enhancement factor from [12] were taken considering the correction for incomplete positron screening.
They are slightly smaller than experimental ones [14] and result in about 4% lower unit cell volume, which also affects calculated positron characteristics.
In order to study the influence of yttrium on the GB properties, a Zr atom at the GB was substituted by Y at two different positions for each GB configuration studied.
From the quantum mechanical view point, both types of studied interfaces should represent twodimensional potential wells for positrons.
The positron correlation potential and enhancement factor from [12] were taken considering the correction for incomplete positron screening.
They are slightly smaller than experimental ones [14] and result in about 4% lower unit cell volume, which also affects calculated positron characteristics.
In order to study the influence of yttrium on the GB properties, a Zr atom at the GB was substituted by Y at two different positions for each GB configuration studied.
From the quantum mechanical view point, both types of studied interfaces should represent twodimensional potential wells for positrons.