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In 1996, Festl et al. [4] compiled data on the share of hot charging of slabs in Europe, Asia and USA and found it to be "surprisingly low", i.e. in the range of 0 to 35% with a few exceptions.
The strip length increases proportionally to the reduction in each pass.
The reduction per pass is limited by the material's flow stress and maximum allowed roll force and torque.
Each data point in Figs. 6 and 7 represents the mean value of the selected variable over the entire simulated period, i.e.
It would then be necessary to work on changeover time reductions in the rolling mill.

Indeed, the ability of PCMs to exploit their latent heat of fusion can yield a significant reduction of the thermal storage size, with the same amount of stored energy [2].
The value which optimizes the match with the experimental data is 3.4 kJ/kgK.
(2) In order to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of the composite medium, keff, COMSOL Porous-medium model has been slightly modified as explained in Ref. [12], to implement the precise correlation by Bhattacharya et al. [11]: , (3) where kf is the thermal conductivity of PCM, km is that of metal foam and A is a weight coefficient set by the authors equal to 0.35 through best fit of experimental data [11].
Moreover, a consistent reduction in the vertical temperature difference is achieved: e.g. at t = 18 h, ΔT between the electric heater (TCh,comp) and the top thermocouple (TC5,comp) less than 4 K; ΔT between the bottom (TC1,comp) and the top (TC5,comp) thermocouple less than 3 K.
In addition, a consistent reduction of the temperature gradient is obtained thanks to the presence of metal foams, both within the PCM (from about 16 to 3 K) and between the electric resistance and the upper PCM layers (from about 10 to 4 K).

The use of natural fibers to reinforce polymer matrices is particularly important because of the environmental, socioeconomic and developmental implications for a sustainable society that increasingly seeks to obtain renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic materials with minimal energy consumption and a reduction in inappropriate waste disposal and recycling [5, 7, 18-20].
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) FTIR spectra of the polymeric matrix (pure PP, PP after mixing (no additives) and the PP mixing with the additives were obtained from the FTIR Frontier Perkin Elmer equipment with scanning from 600 to 4000 cm-1 and 10 scans using an ATR accessory and the data processed with Pyris software and Origin 8. 2.6.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) The TGA analysis were run on a device model STA 449 F3 Jupiter from Netzsch under N2, using heating rate of 10 °C min-1 in the range 25-800 °C and the data processed with Proteus software and Origin 8. 2.7.
This reduction indicated that the presence of additives reduced the hydrophobicity of polypropylene, i.e., there was greater wettability with respect to water.
Up to 3% coupling agent resulted in a gradual reduction in the contact angle whereas at percentages >3% the values increased, which suggested the formation of unreacted residues of groups of the compatibilizer.

As reported, the slight reduction in the crystallite size of co-doped ZnO thin films is the result of increased oxygen vacancies that have an essential role in optoelectronic parameters [22, 23]. 3.2.
Furthermore, the presence of dopant ions can induce lattice distortions or strain in the ZnO crystal structure, influencing the energy levels of the valence and conduction bands and contributing to the reduction in the bandgap energy.
Chouial, N Jebbari: Conceptualization, Data, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft.
Data Availability Not applicable.
Wang, Application of MOFs and COFs for photocatalysis in CO2 reduction, H2 generation, and environmental treatment."

In case of Tw = 500 °C, a is decreased which can be explained by the unavoidable reduction of the used range of the time-temperature-data to determine the heat transfer coefficient caused by TW.
The accuracy of the simulation data is evaluated by comparing the resulting cooling rates in dependency of tool temperature in the heated tool zone and applied contact pressure (Fig. 5).
Furthermore, in the heated tool part by comparison of numerical calculated and measured data the same tendencies are observable.
While the magnitude of the calculated cooling rates at RT and 300 °C show a good correlation the cooling rates at 500 °C are a little bit lower than the ones calculated by the measured temperature data.
Furthermore, to evaluate the accuracy of the model the cooling rates of the experimental and the numerical data have been compared.

In view of the model of reliability predict method, there are at least 5 to 10 years data needed, like historical data or characteristics of power grid data and planned outage data.
l Fuzzy modeling in data of equipment planned outage[20-22] The data of equipment planned outage is different with equipment failure data.
l Except for blue cell, the other data all came from the basic data of 10kv medium voltage distribution network.
By processing the data in the table, can get the relevant data of transformer, line, load, each branch number of Baoan District power grid.
Better add basic data statistics of planned grid in the future for the plan text only has the basic data of current grid network.

Abstract: The combination of MIMO signal processing with OFDM is a solution to achieving high data rates for next generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency selective fading environments.
This proposed scheme will provide a higher data rate, higher mobility, and higher carrier frequencies to enable reliable transmission over mobile or broadband wireless communication systems.
In OFDM, the computationally-efficient Fast Fourier Transform [1] is used to transmit data in parallel over a large number of orthogonal subcarrier which is maintained even in frequency selective fading [2,3,4].
Calderbank,”Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction”, IEEE Transactions on Information theory, vol. 44, March 1998, 744–756
Sollenberger,”Transmit diversity for OFDM systems and its impact on high-rate data wireless networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Comm. vol. 17, Iss. 7, 1999, 1233–1243

All the data obtained have provided, for the first time, a direct evidence of a-FeSi2 nanorods formation on Si(111) vicinal surface without noticeable penetration of Fe atoms into the Si substrate.
However, STM data for formed iron silicide islands and nanorods without Fe diffusion in the substrate [6,7] have not yet been confirmed by HRTEM study of the NRs cross-section.
This correlate with the main direction of NRs according to AFM data (not shown).
The assumption of the absence of Fe diffusion in silicon on the vicinal surface (111) was made in [6] on the basis of only STM data.
At a higher temperature (800 оС) nanowires decrease in length, but become wider and higher due to the Ostwald ripening mechanism and to reduction in surface energy, leading to a change in the morphology.

This paper discusses effect of shielding lines on reduction of electric field produced by overhead lines.
Electric field distribution of overhead lines with shielding lines Data of overhead lines.

For the technical requirements of a domestic enterprise to develop a new generation of self-loading container truck products, this paper creatively puts forward a set of suitable reduction standards for special structure.
Then the result data can be output to an EXCEL spreadsheet [7].