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Manipulation of microparticles using acoustic standing wave: recent trend Haiyan Yin 1,2,a, Chuncheng Zuo 1,b, Hongchen Wang 3,c, Yanping Meng 2,d 1College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China 2School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China 3Engineering Training Center, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China aemail:haiyan0520@126.com, bemail: zoucc@jlu.edu.cn, cemail: whcwanghongchen@126.com, demail: mengyanping2006@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: acoustic standing wave manipulation microparticles separation Abstract:Ultrasonic standing wave(USW) manipulation of suspension microparticles separation has attracted wide attention due to its non-direct contact, being harmless to the particles, easy to manufacture, low energy consumption and high separation efficiency.
According to the Yosioka [1] the ultrasonic theory, suspended particles in an acoustic wave field are affected by acoustic forces, the forces are balanced with other forces, thereby agglomerating the particles of the same nature to achieve fast and efficient separation.
Theoretical background Ultrasonic separation method uses the physical properties of microparticles[4-7], shuch as size,density or compressibility to achieve particle separation or manipulation.Two different frequencies, the vibration direction propagation in the opposite direction of ultrasonic wave, the formation of standing waves in the communication process generates a plurality of points of zeros vibrational velocity, and this points at a constant speed movement in one direction.The particles in the liquid under the action of acoustic wave is always gathering at the vibration velocity zero, and with a movement of this point, this is one of the mechanisms ultrasonic cohesion.
With further development of the ultrasonic manipulated microparticle separation, Martyn Hill, etc. [19]discussesed the one-dimensional acoustic model of the ceramic piezoelectric transducer manipulation of particle focuing influencing factors.
The node's location and energy density are typically influencing factor, and 1/2 and 1/4 wavelength of the standing wave conditions were studied by simulation and experimental method, quarter wavelength have more advantages.

Dufloud Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium ajohan.verbert@gmail.com, b amarkumar.behera@cib.kuleuven.be, cbert.lauwers@mech.kuleuven.be, d joost.duflou@mech.kuleuven.be Keywords: incremental forming, features, regression splines, accuracy, SPIF Abstract.
The magnitude of the translation is dependent on the magnitude of the predicted deviation of each individual vertex, and is a constant factor multiplied with the predicted deviation.
This constant factor can be tuned to improve the accuracy for a family of parts.
The translation was performed with a multiplicative factor of 1.5 times the error for each individual vertex.
Further work on this topic will be focused on identifying the effect of material properties and thickness on the predicted response surface by conducting experiments with other materials such as DC01, brass and titanium alloys.

Color Image Enhancement Methods based on Matlab Xiaomin Xiea, Changming Wangb, Aijun Zhangc School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China ayu_jian_wo@126.com, bwangchangming@mail.njust.edu.cn, czaj23@163.com Keyword: Color image, Histogram equalization, HSI, MSRCR, Matlab Abstract: The aim of the paper is to provide three enhancement methods for processing color images, including: RGB Histogram equalization, the method based on HSI and Multi-scale Retinex with color restoration (MSRCR).
The main two points of the Retinex theory are as follows[9,10]: ① It is the reflection ability to long wave, short wave and medium wave, not the absolute value of the reverberation intensity, which is responsible for the color of the object; ② The color of the would not be affected by the nonuniform illumination, having uniformity.
HSI model is based upon human visual system, which directly takes advantage of the three factors of color-hue, saturation (the two are collectively referred to as chromaticity) and intensity to describe color.
The essence of the Retinex is to pick the object’s reflection properties, namely, put aside the nature of the incident light to obtain object original appearance.
is the surround function，which usually chooses Gaussian function：, K is a normalization factor which is deduced by the normalization function. stands for the standard deviation, which is responsible for the quality of the image..

Nano-material showed a lot of exceptional performance because of the particular structure, using nanotechnology can make materials of high strength, high elasticity, and high affinity of organizations, so as to substitute for bone, cartilage, corneas, blood vessels, and so on. the development of self-plastic biodegradable injectable Nano-composite slurry and bone tissue of bioactive materials made by China Key Laboratory of Ministry of health in Nano-Biotechnology, containing new bone formation and bone growth factors enabling recovery of bone tissue function, can enhance the functionality of reconstituted bone, improve the quality of reconstituted bone and repair of bone defect.
In the process of bone formation, nano-materials as fill material and carrier of bone growth factor plays a role of bridge, with the growth of new bone, bio-materials gradually degradation, when new bone formation, nano-materials will be fully absorbed, this new bone have a same strength and toughness.
There are many reasons can cause the human body reduce blood flow during exercise, and partly affect the body movement skills.
A review on the application of inorganic nano-structured materials in the modification of textiles: Focus on anti-microbial properties.
Nano-bubble flotation technology with coagulation process for the cost-effective treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater.

Thus the precipitation of MX particles plays an important role in controlling the final microstructure and hence the properties of the products, and it is essential to understand the mechanisms of precipitation during the hot rolling of microalloyed steels.
The necessity of such a “dislocation density factor” is therefore removed.
Deformation affects precipitation kinetics via its effect on the number of potential nucleation sites.
However there are many factors not yet considered which would improve matters further: - Particle coarsening needs to be included as the reduction in the number of precipitates would lead to a slowing-down in the precipitation kinetics, especially the completion time.
Schillé: Modelling High Temperature Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution in Ni-based Superalloys, Internal report, Sente Software Ltd. (2008) - Dislocation pipe diffusion has not been included but, depending on temperature, could contribute to the precipitation growth and coarsening via accelerated diffusion process

It is during this period of time that it is necessary to evacuate tanks from the heat-affected zone or to begin cooling them.
Not taken into account a number of factors that are to a large item penalties can affect the time: - burning area;  - type of burning substance;   - distance from the tank to the burning site;  - direction and speed of the wind tilting the torch, etc. 
Advantages: used in laboratory studies of the properties of GFS (OP-301 sprayers).
These methods make it possible to obtain finely divided drops, which positively affects the gel formation on the protected surface.
The technology is implemented in standard firefighting equipment (PS-5 foam mixer); it is used for dosed addition of a foaming agent solution into water and for obtaining air-mechanical foam.

Introduction The control of grain structure represents a fundamental aspect in developing the desired mechanical properties and formability characteristics in aluminium alloys.
Effective dispersoid control of microstructure is therefore crucial for achieving target properties in NHT alloy systems [2].
This approach enables the linking of thermodynamic, kinetic, and microstructural models to predict how evolving chemistries will affect processing and properties, thereby guiding alloy and process design to be more "scrap-tolerant."
Hirsch, "Through‑process simulation of texture and properties during the thermomechanical processing of aluminium sheets," Acta Materialia, vol. 55, pp. 5449–5463, 2007
Engler, "Modeling the effect of excess vacancies on precipitation and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 55, pp. 291–302, 2024, doi:10.1007/s11661-023-07249-9

In order to increase the performance and thereby the effectiveness of different thermoelectric modules, especially advantageous thermoelectric properties of materials and also innovative design of thermoelectric devices are now solved.
Semiconductor alloys generally have good thermoelectric properties, i.e. relatively low electrical resistivity and also a low thermal conductivity, but their material efficiency is practically reduced due to an important structural element, namely a copper bridge connecting the semiconductor columns.
Although copper has a relatively high electrical conductivity and permits good soldering, the point is that after a relatively prolonged use, copper particles diffuse from the pure copper connecting bridge to the material of the columns and so degrade the initially excellent thermoelectric properties.
Summary For the demonstrated measurements, it is possible to predict specifically such optimum operational load for every thermal battery, with respect to its material and geometric properties, to be able to provide maximum performance, in particular linearly dependent on the temperature difference occurred between its walls.
One thing, however, is the heat allowed by theory (according to anticipated resistances and material properties of ternary alloys, the heating of the warmer wall up to 200 oC may be permitted), the second thing consists in the design of the thermal battery which is not able to withstand such long-term thermal load.

Wood coating is one of most common coverings used to protect the surface against external factors and to make the natural appearance more prominent.
Kumar (2006) tested the properties of wood surfaces.
Kaygin (2008) compared to various varnish layers properties.
These properties were superior to the same properties for conventional varnishes [5].
After drying at room temperature, the surface properties of the samples were inspected.

The third phase, TRL (or residual life stage), starts from the time of external visual degradation (cracks < 0.1 mm wide) until a degradation level is such that the design load factors (e.g., for ACI318 Standard, 1.2 and 1.6 for dead and live loads, respectively) equals unity, before structural collapse.
Table 3 presents the physical properties from the concrete mixtures used, mainly concrete capillary properties (effective porosity (ε), the coefficient of capillary absorption (ka), the resistance to water penetration (m)), compressive strength, and cement content.
Concrete mixture physical properties (mean average from three specimens).
Due to the different properties from both concrete mixtures, it is expected a faster carbonation for the 0.65 w/c ratio mixture, as well as a higher corrosion rate in the future when rebar start to depassivate.
So, this variable may be affecting the potentiality analysis performed (see Table 2).