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Online since: October 2007
Authors: T. Hepuţ, Marius Ardelean, Erika Ardelean
Thus, there were recorded a number of 169 dumps for industrial wastes
which are under the stipulations of Directive 1999/31/EC, of which: 66 spoil banks for solid wastes;
52 slag and ash dumps, 40 storage pits (others than those for wastes from the extractive industry);
11 sludge ponds (other than those for wastes from the extractive industry). [6]
The great waste quantities that exist both nation - and worldwide made necessary the
accomplishment of some practical attempts for their processing and reintroducing into the economic
circuit.
The way of carrying out the mixes (mixing formula) was made based on a technological fabrication flow (Figure 1), which foresaw the material grinding with the aid of a Kollergang mill, followed by a grain-size sorting made with the aid of a "Analysette 3" Fritsch vibrating sieving machine (the fraction used was less than 250µm); the material dosage was made based on the pre-established mixing formulae with the aid of a Sartorius technical balance and the homogenising was made with a homogenising barrel.
Results and Discussions In order to obtained this covering and insulating powders, some factors are important: - the covering material shall not react with the steel; - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other gases and noxes shall not be released; - the metal bath shall not be contaminated with oxides or other inclusion types; - the liquid slag layer formed at the surface of the hot metal shall reduce the heat release to the open, as much as possible, thus decreasing the steel temperature; - the covering layer shall be capable to absorb all the impurities from the steel, but it shall not become so fluid that it could be absorbed in the Tundish holes, because in this way it might be driven into the mould, when the bath level in the Tundish decreases; - the covering compound shall not form a hard crust that could clog the monoblocks and it might make temperature measurement difficult. [5] A number of 5 mixing formulae were experimented, whose chemical composition
The way of carrying out the mixes (mixing formula) was made based on a technological fabrication flow (Figure 1), which foresaw the material grinding with the aid of a Kollergang mill, followed by a grain-size sorting made with the aid of a "Analysette 3" Fritsch vibrating sieving machine (the fraction used was less than 250µm); the material dosage was made based on the pre-established mixing formulae with the aid of a Sartorius technical balance and the homogenising was made with a homogenising barrel.
Results and Discussions In order to obtained this covering and insulating powders, some factors are important: - the covering material shall not react with the steel; - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other gases and noxes shall not be released; - the metal bath shall not be contaminated with oxides or other inclusion types; - the liquid slag layer formed at the surface of the hot metal shall reduce the heat release to the open, as much as possible, thus decreasing the steel temperature; - the covering layer shall be capable to absorb all the impurities from the steel, but it shall not become so fluid that it could be absorbed in the Tundish holes, because in this way it might be driven into the mould, when the bath level in the Tundish decreases; - the covering compound shall not form a hard crust that could clog the monoblocks and it might make temperature measurement difficult. [5] A number of 5 mixing formulae were experimented, whose chemical composition
Online since: July 2008
Authors: R.D. Knutsen, L. Ivanchev, H.P. Burger, Gonasagren Govender, G. Kunene
There have been a number of reported studies on the laser welding of
wrought aluminium alloys.
This is due to the modification effect of strontium which increases the number of nucleation sites for the eutectic Si.
After the inspection of the grain structure in the fracture surface, it was also observed that the mode of fracture was ductile dimple fracture.
This is due to the modification effect of strontium which increases the number of nucleation sites for the eutectic Si.
After the inspection of the grain structure in the fracture surface, it was also observed that the mode of fracture was ductile dimple fracture.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Jozef Jurko, Anton Panda, Marcel Behún
Although the cost of the cutting tool makes up only part of the total cost for producing one component piece (10 % to 15 %), they have a significant impact particularly on the following: cutting process TW, machine stand time, number of required operations, period for which the components must stay within the company and number of cutting tools.
Have identified areas consist of a continuous plastically deformed microstructure and the depth below the machined surface, which was localized plastic deformation in the austenite grains isolated. 3.
Have identified areas consist of a continuous plastically deformed microstructure and the depth below the machined surface, which was localized plastic deformation in the austenite grains isolated. 3.
Online since: January 2007
Authors: H. Yamaguchi, Takeo Shinmura, T. Sato, T. Okazaki
We previously reported that the internal surface of SUS304 stainless steel tubes were
finished with MRF-based slurry that included WA abrasives, and that the finished surface was
smoother than a surface finished with the usual grain type of magnetic abrasives [4].
As the size of the diamond abrasives diminishes, the number of the diamond abrasives increases because the diamond abrasives are included at an abrasive/liquid ratio in MRF-based slurry.
Accordingly, there is not much difference in the numbers of diamond abrasives cutting the surface even given varying sizes of the diamond abrasives.
As the size of the diamond abrasives diminishes, the number of the diamond abrasives increases because the diamond abrasives are included at an abrasive/liquid ratio in MRF-based slurry.
Accordingly, there is not much difference in the numbers of diamond abrasives cutting the surface even given varying sizes of the diamond abrasives.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Shuichi Miyazaki, Yusuke Fukui, Kenji Wakashima, Hideki Hosoda, Tomonari Inamura
In order to evaluate pseudoelasticity, a cyclic loading and
unloading tensile test was selected where the applied strain increased by 2% per cycle with
increasing the number of loading-unloading cycles. 0.2% flow stress (σ0.2) was employed as
yield stress (or stress for inducing martensite or stress for reorientation of martensite variants).
The grain size of parent β phase was hardly determined because of the dense α" martensite plates.
Since the strength must be related with solution hardening by ternary additions, the lattice mismatch εlattic by substituting ternary atoms for the titanium atoms are calculated and listed in Table 1 using Goldschmidt radii: εlattice = (rternary/rTi -1)x100 (%), where rT and rternary are Goldschmidt radii of Ti (0.147nm) and a ternary element, respectively, with the coordination number of 12.
The grain size of parent β phase was hardly determined because of the dense α" martensite plates.
Since the strength must be related with solution hardening by ternary additions, the lattice mismatch εlattic by substituting ternary atoms for the titanium atoms are calculated and listed in Table 1 using Goldschmidt radii: εlattice = (rternary/rTi -1)x100 (%), where rT and rternary are Goldschmidt radii of Ti (0.147nm) and a ternary element, respectively, with the coordination number of 12.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Azlin M. Biaggi-Labiosa, Jennifer C. Xu, Benjamin J. Ward, Jose M. Gonzalez III, Dorothy Lukco, Peter S. Lampard, Michael A. Artale, Christopher L. Hampton, Gary W. Hunter, Liang Yu Chen
A number of samples with different contact pads were investigated.
These phenomena were observed on a number of sensors with different contact pads, such as Au/Ti, Pt/Ti, and Pd/PdOx.
The PdOx layer (~100Å) did not provide a sufficient barrier for the platinum; the Pt diffuses through the PdOx grain boundaries and forms silicides causing a rough surface (Fig. 5b).
These phenomena were observed on a number of sensors with different contact pads, such as Au/Ti, Pt/Ti, and Pd/PdOx.
The PdOx layer (~100Å) did not provide a sufficient barrier for the platinum; the Pt diffuses through the PdOx grain boundaries and forms silicides causing a rough surface (Fig. 5b).
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Xiu Jian Chou, Ya Ting Zhang, Wen Ping Geng, Tao Guo, Ying Tian, Ji Jun Xiong
Firstly, according to the predetermined number, lead acetate trihydrate and acetic acid were mixed in a ratio which was distilled at 110℃ for 30 min to remove water.
As the film thickness increased, the number and location of the peak did not change, but Raman peak became sharply and more and more obvious, strength is increasing, indicating that crystallization is getting better.
With the increase of film thickness, the remanent polarization increased from 19.7 to 37.7μC/cm2, but coercive field decreased from 72.42 to 41.2kV/cm.This is because that with the increase of the spin coating times, the film heat treatment time became longer, resulting in larger grain size and better ferroelectric performance.
As the film thickness increased, the number and location of the peak did not change, but Raman peak became sharply and more and more obvious, strength is increasing, indicating that crystallization is getting better.
With the increase of film thickness, the remanent polarization increased from 19.7 to 37.7μC/cm2, but coercive field decreased from 72.42 to 41.2kV/cm.This is because that with the increase of the spin coating times, the film heat treatment time became longer, resulting in larger grain size and better ferroelectric performance.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Dong Wang, Kai Huang, Shu Xia Yu, Xiang Wang, Ya Juan Yu
The grain acreage of the watershed was 459600 mu and the yield per mu was 320 kg, the oil plants acreage was 20800 mu and the yield per mu was 133.3 kg.
(1) Where Loadl-p represents overall Livestock and poultry load, Numl-p_i represents the number of Livestock and poultry i; Cofl-p_i represents the discharge coefficient of the type i of livestock and poultry.
(3) Where Loadhab_i represents overall rural residents living pollution load, Numhab_i represents the number of residents, Cofhab_i represents the pollution discharging coefficient of the type i of residents.
(1) Where Loadl-p represents overall Livestock and poultry load, Numl-p_i represents the number of Livestock and poultry i; Cofl-p_i represents the discharge coefficient of the type i of livestock and poultry.
(3) Where Loadhab_i represents overall rural residents living pollution load, Numhab_i represents the number of residents, Cofhab_i represents the pollution discharging coefficient of the type i of residents.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Li Qun Wei, Yan Hui Guo
It can be seen that as the reheating temperature decreases, the hardness and strength increases but the elongation changes little, which indicates that rolling with cooling is favorite for refining grains and improving the mechanical properties of products.
Acknowledgement: This project is supported by Shanghai Metallurgical Technology and Equipment Detection Service Platform（Project Number: 09DZ2292800） and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project( Project Number: J51504) References [1] Sven-Erik,Lundbeng.
Acknowledgement: This project is supported by Shanghai Metallurgical Technology and Equipment Detection Service Platform（Project Number: 09DZ2292800） and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project( Project Number: J51504) References [1] Sven-Erik,Lundbeng.