Search results

The size, number, and distribution of the inclusions were determined via optical microscopy at 500× magnification.
Fig. 8 (B) shows the effect of the refining time on the number of inclusions in the alloy.
With increasing refining time, the number of inclusions in the alloy decreased and then tended to remain constant.
The number of inclusions in alloy 2 greatly decreased, which was mainly due to the increased number of inclusions and their tendencies to aggregate and float up.
Effects of oxide particles and solute elements on austenite grain growth in Fe–0.05 mass% C and Fe–10mass% Ni alloys[J].

Degree of freedom theory, analysis software of EDEM with discrete element and setting periodic boundary model are applied in this paper to simulate the vertical screw conveyor’s grain (rice) delivery process under different intermediate support structure.
Table 3 Working conditions of the vertical screw conveyor The intermediate support form Rotate speed(r/min) Number of particles The traditional intermediate support 300 48000 The reverse spoke intermediate support 300 48000 The positive spoke intermediate support 300 48000 The cylindrical spoke intermediate support 300 48000 The analysis of the simulation results After completion of the simulation, data analysis module can be used to get the simulation calculation results, and have a corresponding analysis.
Figure- 12 Average axial linear velocity of particles Figure-13 Average mass flow rate Screw conveyor mass flow Particles flow state in the horizontal screw conveyor can also be analyzed by the number detection method of quantitative measuring the mass flow rate of the particles.

Detect of stress prehistory: a) reversible and irreversible process of stress magnetization [3]; b) identification of blade fatigue risk (Hp =f(blade number)) [5] The diagnostic signal in the Metal Magnetic Memory method When a substance is exposed to the influence of a magnetic field, it behaves in various ways, depending upon the physical and chemical properties of the material examined.
Type II stresses equilibrate over a number of grain dimensions.
Type III stresses on the other hand exist over atomic dimensions and balance within the grain.
Risk of magnetic storm and wrong MMM diagnose are correlated with: • the sunspot number and scale of the phenomena, Table 3 • interplanetary disturbances from the Sun (value of solar wind) which describe the official planetary Kp index.

Among the mostly studied ceramics of low atomic number, SiC is a suitable inert strengthening phase.
This phase may be resulted from two following cases: firstly, the recrystalli- zation and grain growth of nanoscale Al2O3 particles originally existing in the obtained Ti3Si(Al)C2 raw powders, which is in agreement with the results of Sun et al. [9].
From viewpoint of image contrast for different phases, Ti is the constituent element of the above gray phases, because it has the largest atomic number in the possible phases of Ti3Si(Al)C2, TiC, TiSi2 and SiC.
Also, the dark gray phases dispersed in the matrix should be Al2O3 and some other phases with low atomic number.
(3) The Al2O3 phase in the composite is resulted from the recrystallization and grain growth of the nanoscale Al2O3 originally existing in the Ti3Si(Al)C2 raw powders.

The cemented carbide specifications are detailed below: - EMT100, with 6 % cobalt content, finegrained (grain size 0.5 to 0.8 µm) - EMT210, with 10 % cobalt content, finegrained (grain size 0.5 to 0.8 µm) The cobalt content of a tungsten carbide substrate has a significant influence on its mechanical properties.
The acquisition of the diffraction spectrum was carried out in the energy dispersive mode, meaning that a large number of interference lines, in dependence of their energy level, can be detected simultaneously under a constant diffraction angle 2θ.
It is planned to expand this tool wear model to a larger number of lightweight materials, such as fibre reinforced plastics, and to also include milling and drilling processes.
During the coating process the cemented carbides are exposed to temperatures of approximately 900 °C for a number of hours.

Compressive strength = FA (3) Where; F is the maximum load in N A is the cross sectional area in mm2 Results and Discussion Sieve analysis The particle size distribution (PSD) curve, shown in Fig. 4, provides a detailed breakdown of the soil sample’s composition, particularly its grain size distribution.
The data clearly shows a trend where increase laterite content across the various groups led to higher density values which resulted in higher compressive strengths numbers.
A number of possible factors may be responsible for the discrepancy.
Acknowledgement The authors appreciate the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) in Nigeria for funding this research from the National Research Fund (NRF) 2021 with reference number TETF/ES/DR&D-CE/NRF2021/CC/EHU/00081/VOL.1.
Effect of grain size on the strength of cubes made from lateritic soils.

Introduction Pipelines constitute the massive way for gas and oil transport with the lowest ratio number of accidents over transported quantities.
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo S Cu Ti Nb Al 0.206 1.257 0.293 0.014 0.017 0.006 0.009 0.011 0.001 <0.03 0.034 The API 5L X52 is a carbon-manganese steel (C-Mn), with a low sulphur content in (90 ppm), nevertheless it is sufficient to engender manganese sulphide inclusions during elaboration, niobium is added to control the austenite grain size. 2.3 Microstructure analysis The precise elaboration of the material is unknown; however, the observed microstructure is typical of those encountered in steels for pipelines.
The ferrite grains have an irregular globular shape and are slightly oriented in the direction of rolling, the diameters range from 7 to 15 mm, Fig. 4.
References [1] 7th Report of the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group, “GAS PIPELINE INCIDENTS (1970 – 2007)”, Doc. number: EGIG 08.TV.0502, December (2008)
[3] 5th Report of the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group, “GAS PIPELINE INCIDENTS (1970 – 2001)”, Doc. number: EGIG 02.R.0058, September (2002)

The XRD test results of the Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2C2O4.2H2O (NMC532 precursor-oxalate) showed that the peak formed in the sample are almost similar to the reference nickel oxalate dihydrate or Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card number. 25-0582 [8], while the slight difference can be attributed to the presence of Co and Mn atoms in the crystal structure [9].
Based on the appearance analyzed through SEM, the distribution of Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2C2O4.2H2O (NMC532-oxalate) precursor grains can be identified using ImageJ software.
Based on the identification of the grain distribution of the sample LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) using ImageJ software at a magnification of ×5000, the particle sizes in the sample have average size of 733-1533 nm.
While the cycle is the number of charge-discharge processes carried out on the battery at a certain C-rate where 1 cycle is calculated from the use of battery power from the initial condition of the full battery until the battery runs out [26].
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kemenristekdikti) through Fundamental Research (Penelitian Dasar) Scheme with grant number 054/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022 dan 469.1/UN27.22/PT.01.03/2022.

The extent of damage was initially established visually, based on appearance, colour, surface deformation, typical marks, number of flight holes and other visually recognizable features.
Legend: 1 – wood across the grain, 2 – pigment (crushed glass dyed by cobalt), 3 – a layer of binder over pigments, 4 – limestone particles.
Above the pigment layer there is a visible coarser-grained zone (about 0.03 mm thick), which probably belongs to the layer V3.
The conspicuous white colour (Fig. 11) corresponds to the red pigment and identifies elements with a higher atomic number compared to the surrounding mass.
Legend: 5 – conspicuous white colour is the red pigment with a higher atomic number compared to surrounding materials.

As a result, such a defect acquires a characteristic morphology: in the body of the coating, it has the shape of a cylinder with a small radius and an axis perpendicular to the surface of the coating, and its conical part protrudes above the surface of the coating - the "head" (shown by arrows in Fig. 1a and denoted by number 1 in Fig. 1b).
Therefore, the cavity (niche) that remains at the site of the budded defect was called by us extrusion (shown in 3D projection in Fig. 2, and also indicated by number 2 in Fig. 1b).
Partially healed extrusion is indicated by number 3 in Fig. 1b.
The value of DGV also includes the volumetric energy of each forming spiral step, the presence of which is taken into account by a factor d – the number of spiral (helicoid) turns, i.e. the number complete circular growth steps in the volume of the defect.
Since the defect and the coating have the same crystal lattice, the boundary between them is the boundary of mismatched crystallographic planes and is equivalent to a high-angle boundary - the grain boundary.