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Reliable statistical data on both the Human Development Index (HDI) and Energy Development Index (EDI) rankings indicate that most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa lie far below the world average and as a region, Sub-Saharan Africa scores least.
Data source: UNDP Human Development Report 2013, World Bank and International Renewable Energy Agency.
Sector Relevance of Energy Effects of Lack of Energy Access Poverty Reduction Access to energy for economic activities and powering agricultural machines, grinding and milling equipment enhances income generation and food production.
The cost reduction for these two leading renewable power technologies brings them closer to competitiveness with fossil-fuel power.
Diana, Poverty and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview of Key Issues, Working paper 299, Overseas Development Institute, London (2009)

Additive manufacturing (AM) becomes an attractive solution to manufacture titanium based high-added value components due to the rapid prototyping, complex geometries manufacturing and waste reduction.
Considering the protection configuration, reduction in oxygen content is observed in tracks performed under inert chamber or inert chamber+ nozzles, which clearly indicates the need of a close inert system to print Ti6Al4V by DED-LB/Mw.
Concentric trajectories present better mechanical resistance than the zigzag one and therefore a significant elongation reduction.
Fig. 10.c shows the disparity map resulting of the superimposing the scanned data with the original CAD.

The most important advantages of using FPGA are flexibility, highly parallel data processing (thanks to simultaneous operation of independent circuits), high efficiency and reliability.
When configuring a fixed-point data type, the total number of bits (word length) and number of bits of integer portion (integer length) is usually specified by the user.
Fixed point data type provides less flexibility than floating point data type.
Microprocessor had to notify the FPGA that there is new input data, and the FPGA had to notify the microprocessor that the computations are ready and the output is valid.
Average time of solving the system of equations in each iteration with FPGA support was 215 μs, while without FPGA support it was 336 μs (using floating point arithmetic). 36% of time reduction has been obtained.

The recorded data was modelled with a Box–Behnken experiment design using Response Surface Methodology.
Response Surface Methodology was applied to the experimental data using statistical software, Design-Expert V8, for statistical analysis.
A step-wise regression method was used to fit second order polynomials to the data and to identify the relevant model terms [13].
For the recorded results from the experimental work with argon, a second order quadratic model was found to best fit the data.
Conclusion The developed mathematical models fitted well to the experimental data within the investigated range of parameters allowing widths and depths of processed channels to be predicted.

It is composed of numerous nodes which are capable of taking fundamental data as input and executing basic operations on the input data.
Data Processor The collection and manipulation of items of data to produce meaningful data is known as Data Processing.
Pandas have advantages over other data analysis tools as it makes it easier for one to keep track of the data.
Data Frame is a 2-dimensional data structure that is labeled and consists of columns of possibly different types.
Finally, Data Scrubbing is carried out where the unnecessary data is removed.

Table 1 Seberity of the Risk Impact 影响 Affect 进度 Schedule 成本 Cost 技术指标 Specifications 灾难的（极高）disastrous (extremely high) 整体进度拖延大于20% Delayed more than 20% overall progress 成本增加大于20% Costs more than 20% 技术指标超标，不能发射或运行 Technical indicators exceeded, can not launch or run 危险的(高) Risk (high) 整体进度拖延10%-20% Delay the overall progress of 10% -20% 成本增加10%-20% Costs increased by 10% -20% 技术指标超标，不被大总体接受Technical indicators exceeded, are not generally accepted large 重大的(中) Major (middle) 整体进度拖延5%-10% Delay the overall progress of the 5% -10%, 成本增加5%-10% 5% -10% cost increase 技术指标的主要部分受到影响 Technical indicators for the major part of the affected 显著的(低) Significant (low) 整体进度拖延小于5% Delay less than 5% overall progress 成本增加小于5% Costs less than 5% 技术指标的次要部分受到影响 Technical indicators for the secondary part of the affected 可忽略的（极低） Negligible (very low) 不明显的进度拖延 Obvious delay in the progress of 不明显的成本增加 Obvious increase in the cost of 技术指标减少几乎察觉不到Technical indicators reduction hardly
Using risk reduction method, we should put in more resources to research technical issues; (3) organizational risk.
Risk reduction method is used, to increase the software and hardware infrastructure investment, and master the relevant technologies; (6) political risks.
Using risk reduction method, to strengthen organization and management, and pay attention to feedback; (8) program risk.
In view of data, materials and other information resource’s constraints, the empirical research is only a simulation study, its findings have some limitations, but it is a combination of experience and rational analysis, and has given the organic integration of the value judgments, intuitive judgments and scientific reasoning.

Beginning from mass reduction, more hydrodynamic shape design, new control algorithms and electronic circuits, ending with drive efficiency research, solving BUUV navigation problems and improved autonomy implementation.
Nevertheless, this hull size reduction and control algorithms adjustments helped improve the dynamic of fish-like motion and the manoeuvrability of the robot.
One for transmitting the robot’s control messages and the other one for transmitting data from IMU back to the computer.
The results of experimental research showed that the increasing frequency of tail undulation has greet impact on reduction of amplitude of pitch and roll oscillations of the first segment of the hull whereas amplitude of tail undulation has negligibly small impact on those undesired movements.
Fig. 3 Third version of CyberFish Table. 3 Parameters of third CyberFish parameter value length 588 [mm] height 233 [mm] width (with pectoral fins) 188 [mm] width (without pectoral fins) 90 [mm] mass (in air) 2,77 [kg] battery capacity 1,8 [Ah] minimal working time 2 [h] Current state and future advancements The necessity for reduction of undesired hull oscillations influenced the path of development BUUV technology.

Existing techniques have enabled nanoparticle sizes, ranging from as small as < 10 nm for copper Nps by chemical reduction method (13), and silver Nps in a size range of 2-7 nm by the electrochemical process (14).
In chemical synthesis methods of Nps, the standard approach is a chemical reduction by reducing agents, and Nps have a broad range of properties.
The obtained data were then related to Vesta database for inorganic materials and found the diffraction patterns coinciding with the Vesta database for metals of silver and copper.
When compared with the chemical reduction method or bottom-up approach of synthesizing metal Nps, this technique does not use several chemicals, and therefore, the process is residue-free.
Green synthesis of Cu/Al2O3 nanoparticles as efficient and recyclable catalyst for reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, Methylene blue and Congo red.

Method of investigation Initial data for modeling were: material – steel 34CrNiMo4 (according to DIN 17200 standard), temperature range of forging 1200…800°С, Young’s modulus 200000 MPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.3.
Received data are explained by the stress state in the axial zone.
Received results of the strain distribution during upsetting have shown their high convergence with the data of other researches [14].
Verification data reliability requires the experimental investigation of the axial defect resizing during upsetting of cylindrical samples by flat plates [16].
а b с 1 – theoretical data; 2 – experimental data Fig. 4 The change and a comparison of the axial defect diameter during upsetting of low (a), mean (b) and high (с) workpieces at experimental and theoretical investigation During upsetting of the high workpieces, the increase of the relative diameter occurs after upsetting by 60 % (Fig. 4, c).

It consists of a permanent magnet brushless machine, a reduction gear and a ball screw actuator.
According to statistical data, winding faults take a high proportion in all kinds of electric machines faults.
Using this proposed method, a 3.6kW 4-poles DRPMBLM is simulated by appropriate Matlab programe and the actual measured data operations are compared.
Fig.7(a) prototype DRPMBLM Fig.7 (b) dual redundancy controller 5.1 Uniformity experiment a) The uniformity experiment of system position signal The comparison some random extraction points at system work is shown in the below table. data of the extraction 28 sets between dual redundancy is analysized. maximum relative error of the output position feedback signal is less than 0.09mm. position feedback signal uniformity is obtained very improvement.
the rotor position signal The comparison some random extraction points at machine work is shown in the below table. data of the extraction 32 sets between dual redundancy is analysized. maximum relative error of the output position feedback signal is less than 5, That is the Angle error of not more than 0.5 degree. position feedback signal uniformity is obtained very improvement.