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Online since: December 2014
Authors: Cheng Zhou, Jian Shi, Wei Wei Li, Chen Wang
State Grid Unified Application Platform (SG-UAP) is a set of coexistence of multiple applications distributed data resource management system, which contains a large amount of information platform and some sensitive data related to production safety.
Since each message data corresponding to different platforms, so to establish a unified access control strategy system platform to simplify daily security management.
Prove: reduction to absurdity.
It is necessary for accessing to the data through role security level and conversation secret level
Since each message data corresponding to different platforms, so to establish a unified access control strategy system platform to simplify daily security management.
Prove: reduction to absurdity.
It is necessary for accessing to the data through role security level and conversation secret level
Online since: July 2019
Authors: Ill Soo Kim, Zong Liang Liang, Tae Jong Yun, Won Bin Oh, Bo Ram Lee
The S/N ratio in which smaller is better quality characteristic can be expressed as:
(1)
Where yi is the collected data through experiments and n represents number of experimental runs.
Box-Behnken design was applied to the experimental data using statistical software, Minitab [8].
A second-order polynomials were fitted to the experimental data to obtain the regression equations.
A step-wise regression method was used to fit the second-order polynomial equation to the experimental data and to identify the relevant model terms.
This is because when the welding current increases metal deposition rate increases as the welding globules falls on the weld pool at a faster rate and then with the farther increase of welding current the base metal starts melting therefore metal deposition happens in distorted manner resulting reduction in weld width.
Box-Behnken design was applied to the experimental data using statistical software, Minitab [8].
A second-order polynomials were fitted to the experimental data to obtain the regression equations.
A step-wise regression method was used to fit the second-order polynomial equation to the experimental data and to identify the relevant model terms.
This is because when the welding current increases metal deposition rate increases as the welding globules falls on the weld pool at a faster rate and then with the farther increase of welding current the base metal starts melting therefore metal deposition happens in distorted manner resulting reduction in weld width.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Norhazilan Md Noor, Nordin Yahaya, Rosilawati Mohd Rasol, Akrima Abu Bakar, Mardhiah Ismail
Microbiological data showed that a higher number of SRB was associated at corroding sections of steel.
Fig. 3 illustrates the corroded sections of coupon analyzed by Energy (keV) X-ray analysis and indicated energy data for the area.
The data of OCP experiment showed that there were changes in electropositive direction in the presence of SRB, indicating a looser passive layer.
It is recommended that further research might explore the corrosion potential in extended time with more SRB from site to get more reliable data, later used to predict pipeline integrity.
Gao, Effect of seawater biofilms on corrosion potential and oxygen reduction of stainless steel, Corros.
Fig. 3 illustrates the corroded sections of coupon analyzed by Energy (keV) X-ray analysis and indicated energy data for the area.
The data of OCP experiment showed that there were changes in electropositive direction in the presence of SRB, indicating a looser passive layer.
It is recommended that further research might explore the corrosion potential in extended time with more SRB from site to get more reliable data, later used to predict pipeline integrity.
Gao, Effect of seawater biofilms on corrosion potential and oxygen reduction of stainless steel, Corros.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Roland Rupp, Ronny Kern, Tobias Höchbauer, Michael Rüb, Constantin Csato, Werner Schustereder, Florian Krippendorf, Johannes von Borany, Shavkat Akhmadaliev
The two lines represent two different positions on the implanted 4” SiC wafer
The analysis of the SIMS data shows, that a doping level of » 2.4E16/cm³ was achieved in the complete drift layer.
In addition doping data derived by CV measurements are given.
(Center line in box: median; size of box: 25%-75% range, error bar: total data range per wafer).
All data are derived at room temperature, values at x-axis are dose in 1E13/cm² (top) and implant energy in MeV (bottom) A) Leakage current at 650V; B) Breakdown voltage at 0.5mA; C) Near-surface doping measured by CV; D) Differential resistance calculated from the voltage drop at 12A and 15A Both VBR and IR_650 show clearly a very narrow (and completely Gaussian) distribution for the EFI wafers, whereas the reference wafers show a tail towards lower breakdown voltages due to doping variations towards the wafer rim (higher doping at the rim) leading to a wider box in Fig. 4 a and b.
They strictly follow the implanted dose as can be seen Fig. 4 (dose variation from 2E13/cm² to 1.5E13/cm² lead to an increase of the VBR median from 738V to 776V and a reduction of the leakage current median by a factor of 3).
In addition doping data derived by CV measurements are given.
(Center line in box: median; size of box: 25%-75% range, error bar: total data range per wafer).
All data are derived at room temperature, values at x-axis are dose in 1E13/cm² (top) and implant energy in MeV (bottom) A) Leakage current at 650V; B) Breakdown voltage at 0.5mA; C) Near-surface doping measured by CV; D) Differential resistance calculated from the voltage drop at 12A and 15A Both VBR and IR_650 show clearly a very narrow (and completely Gaussian) distribution for the EFI wafers, whereas the reference wafers show a tail towards lower breakdown voltages due to doping variations towards the wafer rim (higher doping at the rim) leading to a wider box in Fig. 4 a and b.
They strictly follow the implanted dose as can be seen Fig. 4 (dose variation from 2E13/cm² to 1.5E13/cm² lead to an increase of the VBR median from 738V to 776V and a reduction of the leakage current median by a factor of 3).
Online since: April 2009
Authors: V.S. Gaviko, N.V. Mushnikov, A.S. Ermolenko, A.G. Popov, G.V. Ivanova, Y.V. Belozerov, L.A. Shreder
However, our data indicate that the Ga atoms are located preferably in the 4(b)
(0,1/4,5/8) sites, contrary to the
8(d) occupation of the Si atoms in
R(Fe,Si)11Cx [6].
From these data we determined the Curie temperature to be TC = 400 K.
A strong reduction of µFe in comparison with that for pure iron may be due to the electron transfer from Si or Ga atoms into the 3d-band.
It should be noted that Chang et al. analyzed the first-order field-induced magnetic phase transition in NdFe9Si2C1.5 and determined the value of K1 to be -8×107 erg/cm3 at 4 K [7], in reasonable agreement with our data on the Ga-containing compound.
Moreover, the room-temperature magnetization curves for PrFe9Si2C1.5 show the anisotropy field ~35 kOe [5] which is also very close to the data for our sample.
From these data we determined the Curie temperature to be TC = 400 K.
A strong reduction of µFe in comparison with that for pure iron may be due to the electron transfer from Si or Ga atoms into the 3d-band.
It should be noted that Chang et al. analyzed the first-order field-induced magnetic phase transition in NdFe9Si2C1.5 and determined the value of K1 to be -8×107 erg/cm3 at 4 K [7], in reasonable agreement with our data on the Ga-containing compound.
Moreover, the room-temperature magnetization curves for PrFe9Si2C1.5 show the anisotropy field ~35 kOe [5] which is also very close to the data for our sample.
Online since: August 2008
Authors: Armando Lucas Cherem da Cunha, Jardel Pereira Gonçalves, Romildo Dias Toledo Filho, Jo Dweck, Frank K. Cartledge
Thermogravimetry (TG) has been used to evaluate the
activity of pozzolanic materials in mixtures with cement, by measuring the reduction of the
residual content of the calcium hydroxide (RCCH) in the hydrated mixtures caused by the
pozzolanic material presence [6,7,8].
Thermogravimetric data on calcined cement mass basis Calcined cement mass basis was applied to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) data of the hydrated cement pastes to calculate and to compare on a same basis, the mass losses due to dehydration or decomposition steps of the main phases of the hydrated samples.
Figure 6 shows the different DTG sample thermal analysis data corresponding to the several steps of water release, on the respective cement calcined mass basis and not on the respective initial mass basis of the sample, as usually are given and plotted by default the analysis data, as shown in Figure 5.
Thermogravimetric data on calcined cement mass basis Calcined cement mass basis was applied to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) data of the hydrated cement pastes to calculate and to compare on a same basis, the mass losses due to dehydration or decomposition steps of the main phases of the hydrated samples.
Figure 6 shows the different DTG sample thermal analysis data corresponding to the several steps of water release, on the respective cement calcined mass basis and not on the respective initial mass basis of the sample, as usually are given and plotted by default the analysis data, as shown in Figure 5.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Hai Zhao, You Ning Xu, Jun Qing Liu
Data from runs was considered to be completed until the COS exit concentration was 10 mg/m3.
The main reason is higher temperatures maybe detrimentally affects the reaction of COS because Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 is reduced to FeO in a stronger reduction atmosphere at high temperature.
Figure 3 shows it is the same to analyse of kinetic data in the kinetic model of shrinking core reaction or in the modified kinetic model of shrinking core reaction.
Fig.3 Fitting curves of COS conversion versus time for desulfurizer using different kinetic models(■: data; —: retract model; - - -: improved retract model) Reaction Activation Energy in Syngas.
According to data of COS in the same concentration under different temperatures, reaction activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor k0 can be calculated
The main reason is higher temperatures maybe detrimentally affects the reaction of COS because Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 is reduced to FeO in a stronger reduction atmosphere at high temperature.
Figure 3 shows it is the same to analyse of kinetic data in the kinetic model of shrinking core reaction or in the modified kinetic model of shrinking core reaction.
Fig.3 Fitting curves of COS conversion versus time for desulfurizer using different kinetic models(■: data; —: retract model; - - -: improved retract model) Reaction Activation Energy in Syngas.
According to data of COS in the same concentration under different temperatures, reaction activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor k0 can be calculated
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Terry R. McNelley, J.Q. Su, Srinivasan Swaminathan, E. Sarath Menon
Table 1 gives composition data for NiAl bronze and the alloy of this
investigation.
The corresponding microtexture and grain boundary data in Fig. 6b and c, respectively, indicate that the multi-pass FSP has produced a random texture and misorientation distribution in the SZ.
FSP has resulted in a reduction in flow stress and increase in strain rate for the maximum value of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient, ln ln m σ ε ≡ ∂ ∂ & .
The ductility versus strain rate data illustrate the enhanced superplastic ductility of the FS'ed material.
attained at a strain rate of 10 -1 s-1, and this corresponds to the maximum m value in the stress versus strain rate data.
The corresponding microtexture and grain boundary data in Fig. 6b and c, respectively, indicate that the multi-pass FSP has produced a random texture and misorientation distribution in the SZ.
FSP has resulted in a reduction in flow stress and increase in strain rate for the maximum value of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient, ln ln m σ ε ≡ ∂ ∂ & .
The ductility versus strain rate data illustrate the enhanced superplastic ductility of the FS'ed material.
attained at a strain rate of 10 -1 s-1, and this corresponds to the maximum m value in the stress versus strain rate data.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: Henning Friis Poulsen, R.D. Doherty, C. Gundlach, L. Margulies, Wolfgang Pantleon, Erik M. Lauridsen
Sample
The materiel studied was commercial purity aluminium AA1050 (99.5%) cold rolled to 38%
thickness reduction in one pass.
Data analysis A non-overlapping spot on the detector will be located on the same pixel independent of position within the (y,z)-translation grid.
(b) the entire image recorded by the CCD-camera. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) By summing the intensities in the Debye-Scherrer rings and comparing the result with the outcome of a similar analysis of the data originating from the calibration sample the thickness of the illuminated sample was estimated to be 80 µm ± 20 µm.
Following the described data analysis nine spots were found to fulfill the validation criteria.
In the present set of data the smallest subgrain grows and the second largest subgrain shrinks.
Data analysis A non-overlapping spot on the detector will be located on the same pixel independent of position within the (y,z)-translation grid.
(b) the entire image recorded by the CCD-camera. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) By summing the intensities in the Debye-Scherrer rings and comparing the result with the outcome of a similar analysis of the data originating from the calibration sample the thickness of the illuminated sample was estimated to be 80 µm ± 20 µm.
Following the described data analysis nine spots were found to fulfill the validation criteria.
In the present set of data the smallest subgrain grows and the second largest subgrain shrinks.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: Thierry Grosdidier, Francis Wagner, Pierre Barbéris, N. Dewobroto, Nathalie Bozzolo
Sheets
were cold rolled to 80% thickness reduction and annealed until primary recrystallization completion
to produce the starting materials.
The harmonic method was applied to compute Orientation Distribution Functions (ODFs) from both global and individual orientation data.
Grain size based partial textures (b-c) were obtained from EBSD measurements by selecting only the orientation data of the largest or smallest grains, corresponding, in both cases, to a 15% surface fraction of the original EBSD map.
The global texture (5a, same as 4a) was calculated from the whole data set.
A detailed analysis of EBSD data has shown that the large grains growing abnormally are oriented close to that component, which is consistent with the fine peaks of high intensity recorded in the central area of the {00.2} X-ray diffraction pole figures. 4.
The harmonic method was applied to compute Orientation Distribution Functions (ODFs) from both global and individual orientation data.
Grain size based partial textures (b-c) were obtained from EBSD measurements by selecting only the orientation data of the largest or smallest grains, corresponding, in both cases, to a 15% surface fraction of the original EBSD map.
The global texture (5a, same as 4a) was calculated from the whole data set.
A detailed analysis of EBSD data has shown that the large grains growing abnormally are oriented close to that component, which is consistent with the fine peaks of high intensity recorded in the central area of the {00.2} X-ray diffraction pole figures. 4.