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Therefore, stress required to move the dislocations through a lattice having both short- and long-range obstacles is comprised of two components and can be represented as, (1) Here is the athermal stress as it is produced from long-range barriers that are not affected by thermal fluctuation and strain rate.
The isothermal uni-axial compression tests were carried out in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator.
(4) Here, is the Taylor factor and the value of for the steel is 3.06 [7].
Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, SI Metric ed.
Raj (Eds.), High Nitrogen Steels and Stainless Steels, Manufacturing, properties and application, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2004

Introduction The performance of turbines is governed by the properties of nickel-base superalloys, which can sustain severe thermal and mechanical stresses under extreme environmental conditions.
A major progress in alloy chemistry is marked by the addition of Re, which promotes higher tensile strength, as well as better creep properties [1-3].
The influence of Re on thermophysical properties decreases after heat treatment.
In contrast to the negligible effect of thermophysical properties, a major influence of Re and Ru on the γ/γ’-microstructure can be found.
Thus, the γ’-size in Astra1-alloys with additions of 2 at.-% Re is possibly too small to obtain optimized creep properties.

Study on Characteristics of Damage Mechanics of Ductile Iron Zhiqiang Jiang1, a, Xilan Feng2,b and Jinfa Shi1,c 1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, China a newroom@zzia.edu.cn, b jwen912@zzia.edu.cn, c cad@zzia.edu.cn Keywords: Ductile cast-iron; Damage mechanics; Damage threshold; Critical damage value Abstract.
Introduction Damage mechanics [1-2] studies the material characters that containing mass holes from uniform idea of metal physics, material intensity, continuous medium mechanics etc, and describing the hole size, distributing, shape, forming, growing up and aggregation to affecting the property of material mechanics.
For the plastic strain brought the plastic damnification, one of simple model is that the damaging speed D& is only lied on the effective stress, and σ* is as multiply, fp is as factor.
So, it is very important reference for the design and select material of mechanical structure and configuration.
The critical damage variable can forecast the residual lifecycle of mechanical structure and prevent the paroxysmal accident.

Even a mechanical mixture of the hydroxides of aluminium and magnesium does not result in complete spinel formation [2] by calcination at 1400 to 1600ºC for 1 hour.
This may be attributed to a combination of factors like the decreased average diffusion path and seeding effect of nano-spinel formed by nano-alumina.
The physical properties (refer with: Table 2) shows improved sintering from 1350 to 1450ºC with iron oxide and nano-oxides in the mixes.
Banerjee, The effect of ZnO addition on the densification and properties of magnesium aluminate spinel, Ceramics International, 26 (6), 2000, pp. 605-608
Zhao, Influence of chrome-bearing sols vacuum impregnation on the properties of magnesia-chrome refractory, Ceramics International, 34 (3), 2008, pp. 573-580

The heat transfer will affect the flow regime inside the tube.
There were few other factors that fairly important to enhance the graphene produced via CVD.
Gas-phase dynamics is one of the factors that should be taken into count when placing the substrate.
Kong, “Role of kinetic factors in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of uniform large area graphene using copper catalyst,” Nano Lett., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 4128–4133, 2010
Castro Neto, “Two-dimensional crystals-based heterostructures : materials with tailored properties,” 2012

These factors in combination with the heat expandable gasket, creates a high lateral compressive stress in the filter when seated in the filter bowl.
The thermal stress generated in a brittle ceramic body during heating is dependent on the material's physical properties [12].
Table 2 provides data on the general physical properties of the CS-X filter.
Physical Properties of CS-X Filter Material.
Field-testing of the new filter confirmed it has superior thermal-mechanical properties relative to PBA filters.

Melting is undesirable, and strict temperature control is implemented to reduce temperature variations during a press and secure as uniform material properties as possible.
While randomization of runs can be performed with respect to initial billet temperature and extrusion speed (factors c and d), the die outlet geometry (factors a and b) could not be changed easily.
In order to change factors a and b, special die inserts had to be replaced (Fig. 1).
Consequently, effects related factors a and b are confounded with the block effects related to set-up.
The main and two-factor force and temperature effects of changing factors b, c and d seem to be fairly well predicted by the model.

These values can be contrasted with hammered finishing, the most affected by fluid infiltration.
Crystal shapes, sizes and patterns and hopper crystal growth reflect variation on conditions which are specific of each rock type and their properties, the capacity of fluid to retain on the rock surface, temperature variations during dryness in the stove (around 60ºC) and has been discussed previously [2, 17, 18].
The WCA values (Table 2) could be interpreted as the degree of hydrophobic capacity of each rock, possibly related to many factors, including mineralogy and texture, besides open porosity.
Mineral homogeneity tends to improve the penetration of fluids, becoming then a protector factor to the rock.
Cañaveras: The influence of petrophysical properties on the salt weathering of porous building stones, Environmental Geology 52(2) (2007) pp. 215-224

Effect of Sericin Concentration on the Growth and Morphology of Escherichi Coli Rui Xue1, a, Bingjie Chen1, Xiao Jin2, Qingsong Zhang1, b*, Meiling Han1 and Congcong Liang1 1School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China 2Department of mechanical engineering, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai 265713, China a15122529363@163.com, bzqs8011@163.com Keywords: Sericin, Escherichi coli, Proliferation, Morphology, Biocompatibility.
Besides, it can promote bacterial protein expression without affecting cell morphology.
In previous works [11-12], our research group has prepared a series of semi-IPN SS (Silk Sericin)/PNIPAM (polyN-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels, and the structure, morphology and properties have been deep studied.
Yamada, Preparation of silk protein sericin as mitogenic factor for better mammalian cell culture, J.

Introduction The reinforcement corrosion is one of the most important factors leading to the durability deterioration of concrete member.
The corrosion leads to the deterioration of mechanical property of reinforcement, the longitudinal throughout cracks and even bursting crush or spalling, which influences the carrying capacity and ductility of members[1].
(2)Under the action of rust expansion force, the principle tensile stress at the end of 70mm stirrup spacing specimens was higher than the value of 100mm stirrup spacing specimens, which would affect the location of rust expansion cracks on specimen surface.
is rebar corrosion rate which is converted from the internal pressure in the following formula: (in which, n is filling inflation the value of which is 3 without the influence of concrete porous; and are respectively effective elastic modulus of concrete and Poisson ratio ); is correction factor the value of which is 1 before concrete cracking around the longitudinal reinforcement in consideration of concrete heterogeneity but 2. 3 after cracking.