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YEO2,c 1Rolls-Royce@NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 2School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore aweilun@ntu.edu.sg, bmoizsv@ntu.edu.sg, cmshyeo@ntu.edu.sg Keywords: cavitation machining, abrasive particles, ultrasonic, surface roughness improvement Abstract.
However, surface irregularities resulting from these technologies result in manufactured parts having high surface roughness that affects their wear, corrosion and fatigue resistance [2].
In reality, due to restrictions posed by factors such as confined workplace, workpiece geometry and horn dimensions, it would not always be possible to place the ultrasonic horn at the suitable location for effective material removal on the workpiece surface to be carried out.
Development of a Non-contact Micro-deburring Method Using Ultrasonic Cavitation Bubbles, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 512-515 (2012), pg. 1877-1881 [4] Chi Ma, Yalin Dong and Chang Ye, Improving surface finish of 3D-printed metals by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification, CIRP Ann., Manufacturing Technology Vol. 45 (2016), pg. 319-322 [5] Ye Linzhang, Ahu Xijing, Wang Jianqing and Zhang Lelin, Simulations of ultrasonic cavitation micro-jet impact with different angles based on CEL, Journal of Vibration and Shock Vol. 35 (2016), pg. 130-135 [6] Linzheng Ye and Xijing Zhu, Analysis of the effect of impact of near-wall acoustic bubble collapse micro-jet on Al 1060, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Vol. 36 (2017), pg. 507-516 [7] Mehdi Hadi, Influence of Size of Abrasive Particles in Conveyor Liquid on Ultrasonic Cavitation Machining Process, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 87 (2011), pg. 155-158 [8] Si Huang, Akio Ihara, Hideo Watanabe and Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Effects of Solid Particle Properties

The multiple reactors in parallel reactions are required to meet the requirements of industrial production due to the mechanical limitation of stirred tank reactor.
Because the presence of absorbed water may affect its catalytic performance, pre-treatment of the resin is a pre-requisite for a reproducible evaluation of its catalytic properties.
is reaction volume and is reaction rate constant. , , are the indexes about influence factors , , (molar volume flow rate) respectively.

Introduction Remanufacturing production refers to the whole life cycle of the product recovery in removing and cleaning, using new surface engineering technology and other technical processing and assembly of some parts, process so that parts of the size, shape and properties can be recovered and reused.
Research shows that many factors influence the erosion behavior of coatings, such as hardness, fracture toughness, the bonding strength of coating, hard phase and binder phase content, it has been widely reported in [3].
Cavitation and cavitation erosion reduces the flow of liquid, affect the motion accuracy and reliability of actuator. 2.
Mechanical Industry Press, 2011 [3] Xu, Liu Shican, Shi Peijing.

At the same time the performance of the refrigerants and their flammability are other crucial factors that have to be taken into account while selecting the refrigerants (Adnan Sozen et al 2006).
Initially, the system was purged with nitrogen gas to check leakage, to remove impurities, moisture and other foreign materials inside the system, which may affect the experimental results.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank the department of Mechanical Engineering of Ponjesly college of Engineering, Nagercoil, for using their laboratory tools for this work.
[4] Adnan Sozen and Mehmet zalp O (2006), “Erol Arcakliog˘lu b Calculation for the thermodynamic properties of an alternative refrigerant (R508b) using artificial neural network”, online 4 August 2006

Introduction Vanadium nitride which possesses high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability has been widely used in many fields especially in steelmaking industry [[] R.Niewa and F.J.Disalvo: Chem.
The widely application of vanadium nitride as an important steelmelting additive in steelmaking industry can be contributed to two factors.
The property of vanadium nitride has been studied [[] Zhiyu Lu: Study on the preparation of High Density V-N Microalloy Additive (Northeastern University, Shenyang, 2005) In Chinese. ], which indicated that suitable density could avoid being oxidized by oxygen, and promoting the recovery of vanadium and nitrogen in steel.
Therefore, the apparent density is the most important property of vanadium nitride as an additive in steelmaking industry, which is required to be higher than 3.0 g/cm3 in industry application [[] Chinese National Standard :GB/T20567-2006 ].
It seems that densification of the sample depends on the nitrogen diffusion and vanadium nitride production rate which are both affected by the reaction temperature

The amount of electrostatic repulsion that exists between particles and the thickness of the diffuse electrical layer are the two factors that determine the degree to which a nanoparticle is stable.
The stability and dispersion of the solution were determined by measuring the zeta potential properties of the solution by using Zetasizer from Malvern Panalytical.
Graphene oxide features oxygen-containing groups like carboxyl, hydroxyl, and epoxy, attached to both the flat surfaces (basal planes) and edges of its graphene sheets, this unique structure results in a higher presence of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms compared to sp2, granting GO distinct mechanical, chemical, and optical properties [15].
Manivannan, “Synthesis, Characterization and Gas Sensing Properties of Graphene Oxide-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite,” J.
Asnan et al., “Surfactant-bound fe3 o4 nanoparticles as catalyst support: Synthesis and physicochemical properties,” Malaysian J.

The increase of stiffness can be initiated by two factors: (i) an increase in the degree of crystallinity of polymer composite; or (ii) a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer composite membrane and making the polymer to become glassy, that is amorphous.
Properties of the Nafion/SiO2-5% membrane in comparison to other Nafion nanocomposite membranes.
The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes makes them attractive materials for methanol fuel cell application.
Gandhi, Black TiO2: A review of its properties and conflicting trends.
Jho, Mechanical properties and chemical durability of nafion/sulfonated graphene oxide/cerium oxide composite membranes for fuel-cell applications.

Introduction In recent years, more attention has been paid to the development of light weight aggregate concrete owing to advantages such as reduced dead load of structure, reduced dimensions of the load bearing elements, and increased thermal insulating properties.
Due to composite nature of concrete and different thermal characteristics of constituents, its performance is greatly affected by high temperature.
The changes in mechanical properties of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures are dependent on factors such as initial strength before exposure to high temperature and moisture content [6].
Modeling mechanical performance of lightweight concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperature using genetic programming.

Zhukovsky, 140180, 1, Zhukovsky Street, Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, Russia 2Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101990, 4, Maly Kharitonyevsky Pereulok, Moscow, Russia aandcherr@rambler.ru bino54@mail.ru, cvsp5335@mail.ru Keywords: Friction stir welding; residual stresses; reflection hologram interferometry; hole-drilling method.
Introduction Mechanical behavior of friction stir welded (FSW) joints, which are mainly inherent in aerospace structural elements, is currently of considerable interest.
Remarkable properties of reflection hologram interferometry with respect to residual stresses determination in thin-walled plane structures by through hole drilling have been previously established and comprehensively demonstrated [16-19].
Both this factors are the most inherent for holes drilled inside 7 mm distance from the weld center.
Irving, The role of residual stress and heat affected zone properties on fatigue crack propagation in friction stir welded 2024-T351 aluminium joints.

In mining, as in most other production-related industries, the safety of workers is dependent upon many interrelated factors, one of which is the worker’s ability to recognize hazards in the workplace and, this ability is critical because the work environment is confined, inherently dangerous, and constantly changing due to the mining process [14].
To reduce the risk the necesary preventive measures can be [16]: · fencing the areas of excavations, dumping grounds, mine waste dumps or unstable mining terrains and ensuring suitable height of scarps and slopes during mining work, depending on the geological conditions and the properties of the rock; · applying a benching (terraced) system instead of having a steep pit wall; · determining (by the dispatcher) the way of leaving workplaces in case of a water hazard; · channelling incoming water down the slopes to collection points to protect the slopes of surface mines- where necessary, installing water pumps at such collection points; · choosing and creating safe passages for crew members above conveyors and equipping conveyors with safety devices protecting excavated material from the falling; · introducing a ban on manual transport on carriages in excavations whose inclination is above 4° and introducing communication and signalling for the workers of transportation squads; ·
MacGregor: Risk as Analysis and Risk as Feelings: Some Thoughts about Affect, Reason, Risk, and Rationality.
Strojniški Vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 2 (2009), pp. 119-130