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Online since: August 2008
Authors: D. Dhitiseith, S. Honsawek
However, the studies and data regarding the osteoinductive activity in DBM to activate osteogenic differentiation in UCMS cells are limited.
Statistical analysis The data were expressed as means with error bars representing standard deviation (SD).
This decline was presumably associated with a decrease in available nutrients and a reduction in cell metabolism. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 3 5 7 10 days ALP activity (p mol / min / µg protein) CONTROL DBM Using a cutoff value of two fold, which is conventionally used in similar studies [9-11], the highly upregulated genes were RUNX2, VDR, TGFB2, CD36, FLT1, and SMAD2.
RT-PCR of parallel samples was consistent with the cDNA array data in that there was an increase in the level of RUNX2 and SMAD2 expression after day7 of DBM treatment as shown in Fig. 2.
The data were normalized with that of the housekeeping gene GADPH.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Hyoung Seop Kim, C. Hakan Gür, Pınar Karpuz, Caner Şimşir
These efforts focused not only on experimental results [2-4], but also on analytical solutions [5-9], and finite element simulation data [10-16].
However, ECAP is a process which imposes very high strains into materials, and for the large strain levels the Bauschinger effect is still observed, but it is due primarily to the effect of stress reversal on dislocation structure untangling and hence reduction of isotropic hardening, not the development of back stress [19].
The material data obeys the following Ludwig's Law: 32.0 *83328 ε σ += (1) where σ is the flow stress, and ε is the equivalent plastic strain.
The little variations are probably due to data collecting errors.
This study aimed to provide certain useful data on the effect of different hardening parameters on the ECAP simulations and accordingly, on ECAP process performance.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Farzad Hatami, Alireza Rahai
They concluded that low-yield steel shear panels provide an apparent reduction in storey deflection and damage level of the primary structure [10].
Experimental results of steel plate (N) Using strain gauges and "LVDT" with special cable shield for remittances data of steel frame and plate to data logger and extracted results.
Then the sample is attached to the frame for gathering data using strain gauge and data logger (Fig. 3).
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ming Xin Wang, Di Wang
In addition, attributes such as publicly available data, reproducible results, and time and cost saving are attractive.
Since the sectors energy consumption data in China is 44-sector-based, the sectors were merged using the Industrial Classification and Codes of the National Economy.
Data processing.
The 44-sector energy consumption data is available from the statistics yearbook, which included total energy consumption, coal, coke, crude oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas, and electricity.
In order to achieve a positive contribution to the reduction of pollutants, China should adjust its strategy of international trade, gradually increasing the export proportion of sectors with lower embodied energy consumption and pollutant emissions, and reducing the export industries proportion with bigger embodied energy consumption and high emission intensity.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: J.C. de Macêdo Neto, R.N.A. Silva, J.C.M. Costa, J.A. da Silva, A.G. Miranda, S.C. Guimarães Leite, S.P.R. Kimura, B.M. Freitas
Table 1 shows the national production data for primary aluminum.
National production data for primary aluminum.
Composição 2014 2015 - Employees (31/12) 501.469 494.708 - Direct 122.839 114.072 - Indirect 378.630 380.636 Revenue (R $ billion) (1) 56,3 56,4 - Participation in GDP (%) 1,1 1,1 - Participation in Industrial GDP (%) 4,8 4,9 Investments (R $ billion) (1) 1,9 2,1 Taxes paid (R $ billion) (1)(2) 11,3 11,3 Production of Primary Aluminum (1000 t) 962 772 Domestic Consumption of Aluminum Transformers (1000 t) 1.430 1.309 Per Capita Consumption (kg / inhab / year) 7,0 6,4 Export (1000 t) (weight of aluminum) 457 453 Import (1000 t) (weight of aluminum) 636 618 Commercial Balance of the Aluminum Industry (US $ million FOB) (3) - Exports 3.941 3.941 - Imports 2.009 1.764 - Balance 1.932 2.177 Share of Aluminum Exports in Brasilian Exports (%) 1.8 2.1 Note: (1) Estimates based on ABAL and Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade data. (2) Includes Taxes on production, consumption and property. (3) Includes Bauxite and Alumina.
Table 2 shows the production data of processed aluminum products.
The reduction of the microhardness in the ZTA, as observed in Figure 2, occurs due to the local solubilization of the precipitates [2].
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Beata Marciniak, Damian Ledziński, Mirosław Maszewski, Łukasz Zabłudowski
Such nodes capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting data [3], are called Wireless Sensor Networks.
This objective can be achieved by proper configuration and by the usage of new or modified sets of existing protocols, which, in turn, will also lead to the reduction of power consumption by the individual nodes.
SD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0.40 0.31 0.30 0.48 0.44 0.30 0.56 0.44 0.56 0.29 0.31 0.63 0.60 0.47 0.52 0.57 SD 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0.29 0.64 0.58 0.61 0.39 0.59 0.45 0.49 0.55 0.54 0.49 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.29 From the above data, it can be found that the most optimal place for the sink node is node number 17.
This can be used as a base Data Link layer event that will allow the implementation and testing different class routing protocols.
Those protocols can be modified in a way that the most optimal routing decision will be based on data collected from post deployment stage.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Elena V. Zabolotskaya, Lidia G. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Denisova, Dina G. Kellerman, Valentin Yakovlevich Mitrofanov, M.A. Melkozerova, G.A. Dorogina
The water and ethanol contents were derived from elemental analyses and from thermoanalytical data (DTG-60 thermal analyzer, Shimadzu) obtained in air at balance sensitivity 10–6 g.
Results and Discussions According to analytical, thermal, and X-ray data, the intercalation of nickel ions into the structure of zinc hexacyanoferrate (II) during the sorption process from ethanol solutions of NiCl2 is more complicated than in the case of LiCl [9].
According to the ESR and 1H NMR data, nickel ions in the hexacyanoferrate phase are surrounded by water molecules.
From Table 2 it is seen that A0, C, and Θ are not constant in the whole temperature interval from 3.8 K to 300 K and depend on the temperature range used for the approximation of the experimental data with Eq. (1).
This unexpected result may be attributed to a reduction in the anisotropy of the crystal field surrounding the nickel ions in the channels of the intercalated zinc hexacyanoferrate structure, which is due probably to the peculiarities of mutual orientation of alcoholic and aqueous solvates.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Xiang Bing Sun, Bao Jian Liu, Wen Bin Su, Tao Li
However, some problems still exist in vacuum forming products, the principal is the lower strength due to local thickness reduction.
A better material data fitting is achieved by three different damping functions, proposed by Bernstein et al. and Kaye.
And the key work of establish constitutive model is to obtain the data of relaxation time spectrum.
In order to establish a material model which could describe the polymers deformation behavior precisely, the authors obtained the relaxation time spectrum by the DMA-Q800, produced by TA Corporation, according to ISO6721-1 [5].The data was shown in Table 1.
Table 2 The total plastic work for different sheet thickness and forming temperature[MJ/m3] Sheet foming temperature [℃] Sheet thickness [mm] 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 130 4.3509 4.6434 4.9856 5.4781 6.0016 135 1.6128 1.9492 2.5387 3.2145 3.5893 140 1.3571 1.3954 1.4545 1.5275 1.6080 145 0.6469 0.8275 0.9848 1.1270 1.3414 150 0.2654 0.4476 0.4996 0.599 0.6271 In order to intuitively analyze the experimental results, firstly the data in Table 2 was converted to matrix by using the Origin 7.5, and then the 3D surface and lines with labels contour for total plastic work ware got through the graphics function of the software, shown in Fig.5, Fig.6 respectively.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Raja Izamshah, Mohd Hadzley, Bukhari Manshoor, Mohd Amri, Mohd Amran, Siti Salmah, Abdul Faiz, Mohd Shahir
The concept of signal to noise ratio (S/N) in Taguchi method is very useful to improve the quality through variability reduction and the improvement of measurement [12-13].
Then, by using the results that obtained from the data, analysis was done using the Minitab software version 16 to get the optimum parameter value from the S/N ratio.
Then, the collected data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Table 4 shows summary of the data collected from the experiment.
Based on the data from Table 6, the S/N response diagram has been constructed as shown in Fig 1.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Pongjet Promvonge, Sompol Skullong
The inner and outer temperatures of the bulk air were measured at certain points with a data logger in conjunction with the RTD thermocouples calibrated within ±0.2 °C deviation by thermostat before being used while twenty four type-K thermocouples were tapped equally along the local top and side walls of the grooved outer tube surface.
Data reduction The Re is given by (1) The f computed by pressure drop across the length of the test section (L) is (2) In the experiment, the steady state of the convective heat transfer rate is assumed to be equal to the heat loss from the test section.
Verification tests depicted in Fig. 2 are in satisfactory agreement with data from the correlations.
The average deviation of the present experimental data is within 5% for Nu and 6% for f.
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