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Flame Retardancy of Polypropelene/LDHs Composites: an Influence of Organo-LDH Types Ming HE1, Xue-jun HE1, Lin-jiang WANG2,3,a and Xiang-li XIE4 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004,China 2Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004,China 3Ministry-province jointly-constructed cultivation base for state key laboratory of Processing for non-ferrous metal and featured materials, Guilin 541004, China 4College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004,China awlinjiang@163.com Keywords: organic-LDHs, co-precipitation, ion-exchange, roast reduction, composites.
The structures and morphologies of composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and TEM.
However, few studies has focused on organo-LDHs prepared by different method which may have an influence on its structure and its dispersion in polymers.
Results and Discussion Structure characterization of organicLDH and PP/LDH composites.
The result may indicate that the PP chain has destroyed the layer structure of o-LDHs and some exfoliated organo-LDHs may exist.

This research demonstrates the effects of carbon nanomaterials on pore structure and surface morphology of the modified hybrid additive.
This allows getting a system with a high degree of asphaltic-binder base structuring (bitumen + mineral filler) and positively affects the properties of road composite materials.
This research demonstrates the effects of carbon nanomaterials on pore structure and surface morphology of the modified hybrid additive.
Mitypov, Sorption of lanthanum (III) ions with natural mordenite-containing tuff, Journal of Applied Chemistry. 4 (2001) 564-567
Hristov, Synthetic zeolites – structure, classification, current trends in zeolite synthesis, Review.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is generally used to fabricate complex geometry structures and it has found applicability in various industries, such as the biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and building industries.
Furthermore, significant differences in bulk material quality and chemistry may also affect the final 3D-printed object’s mechanical characteristics.
However, there is a lack of research in the current state of the art regarding the tribological characteristics of the 3D printed structures.
The 100% infill density was chosen for the printing process as it offers a better quality of the 3D sample, presenting no hollows in the structure of the specimen.
Nunez, Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection, Mat.

The fabricated structures are tested to bending strain, a main source of failure during the fabrication of textiles.
Drawbacks of solvent based processes such as inkjet printing are the limited feature size of about 40 µm to 25 µm, the uniformity of printed layers and the reproducibility of structures [9], [10].
The influence of these parameters to the mechanical robustness of the structures has not been studied sufficiently.
A reason that these cracks can not be observed in printed metal films might be due to the film structure.
In: Chemistry of Materials 16.23 (2004), pp. 4824-4840

Finally the nanocomposites’ structures were investigated by means of SEM, AFM and X-ray diffraction and the magnetic properties of the nanocomposites were determined by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
However, the accessibility of cellulose is usually rather low and the microporous is closed in some extent due to the highly ordered complex structure and particularly, the crystallinity of cellulose.
It was proposed [13] that the combined chemical and mechanical effects of the acoustic cavitation could change the morphology structure and enhanced the accessibility and reactivity of cellulose fibers.
Except for the improved composite efficiency, more importantly, ultrasound treatment dose not need any chemicals and it is green from the viewpoint of green chemistry as compared with chemical pretreat methods as mercerization.
X-ray diffraction was used for the structure characterization of the composites samples.

Chitosan-collagen scaffold with the addition of glycerol has good potential as a scaffold candidate for gingival recession therapy based on morphological characterization (thickness and surface structure), the mechanical strength (tensile strength), degradation, and the degree of swelling.
Information: D(%) = percentage weight Wt = the final weight of the scaffold after soaking on PBS Wo = initial weight in dry conditions Results Morphological Test Results The first characterization is morphologically tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the surface structure of the sample.
M., Chang, C., Chen, S., & Zhang, L.Novel hydrogels prepared via direct dissolution of chitin at low temperature : structure and biocompatibility,(2011) 3865-3871
A product of Royal Society of Chemistry. (2008) [14] Anggraeni, Nuha D.
Tailoring the pore structure of PCL scaffolds for tissue engineering prepared via gas foaming of multi-phase blends.

That is explained by different combustion temperature.The structure formation of the composite powder is investigated.
Such particles are more active during sintering, one is more simple to obtain dense ceramics with isotropic fine structure and improved properties.
The assembled structure was mounted on the subject shelf of a SHS-Az laboratory reactor of a constant pressure with a volume of 4.5 liters.
The product of combustion of systems "хAlF3-NaN3-KBF4" and "хNa3AlF6-NaN3-NH4BF4" represents an agglomerated nano - and micropowder of the fibrous structure with an average particle size of 90-110 nm in the agglomerates.
Shore, Reactions of aluminum hydride derivatives with ammonia-borane: a new approach toward AlN/BN materials, Chemistry of Materials, 8 (1996) 2839-2842

Nagai [1] transformed the surface structure of gelatinized starch into a more rugged structure using hydrophilic alcohols such as ethanol.
Amylose is found mainly in the amorphous regions of the starch granule in the form of single helical structures.
Miller: Statistics for analytical chemistry.
Oates: Towards an understanding of starch granule structure and hydrolysis.
Hoover: Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches: a review.

Zeolite-coated structured composites are widely investigated for several applications, including gas separation and catalysis.
The rattan vessels and the fibrous network structure of the cellulosic sponge were well reproduced in the biomorphic ceramic.
The original biotemplate structure as well as a detailed discussion of the microstructure after ceramic conversion is described in previous publications [26,31,36].
Cellular 3D network structures may provide several advantages, compared to monolithic honeycomb structures.
Chemistry: Vol. 5, (2003), p. 48

In the crystal cell of perovskite PZT structure the titanium and zirconium tetravalent cations are localized randomly as central specie into crystal lattice (position B), but for high content of Ti-centered ABO3 cells, there is a significant local volume contraction, which leads the vicinal Zr-centered ones to some distortions, which makes the global structure to assume tetragonal structure.
For high content of Zr-centered ABO3 cells, there is an inverse behavior, which makes the global structure to assume trigonal-rhombohedral structure.
The macroscopic properties of the piezoelectric ceramics are strongly influenced by predominant crystalline structure and also by powder and bulk microstructure.
It is well reported the perovskite tetragonal structure show four well-defined peaks between 150 and 400 cm−1, different from rhombohedral one, which is predominant only two broader bands in this frequency range [8,16].
[11] ICSD - Inorganic Crystal Structure Database.