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Online since: May 2020
Authors: V.G. Vinogradov, Eugene L. Strizhakov, S.V. Nescoromniy
Introduction The increasing number of products of complex shape of heterogeneous and multi-thick alloys cause the creation of new progressive processes and processes research and technologies of their implementation.
As a rule, such compounds are obtained by welding methods that limit the presence of the surfaces to be joined at intensive grain growth.
Variation of the number of turns of the inductor helix (characterized by inductivity L) allows to change the amplitude and duration of thermal exposure.
Variation results of the gap between the welded parts in the range of 0,4 – 2,0 mm at a constant energy W=8100J, the charge voltage of the capacitor U=2600V, the number of turns of the inductor N=7coil showed the following.
The mass of the pusher in the experiments was M=1 kg, the number of turns of the inductor N=7 coil, which corresponded to the inductance L=2100∙10-9 H.
Online since: July 2004
Authors: Andrzej Calka, David Wexler
The effect of spark discharge milling condition on particle size and surface morphology was investigated for a number of different materials including; alumina, NiZr, Ni plus Si, Mg-Zn alloy of eutectic composition, and FeSiB metallic glass ribbons.
and is little literature on materials processing under conditions which predominantly involved arc discharges, although there is much interest in a related technique involving consolidation of fine grained and nanostructural powders under an arc discharge [4-6].
For small amplitude vibrations, the number fraction of fine particles increased with increasing amplitude (Fig. 2(b) and Fig 2(d)).
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 7 In hexagonal alumina, fracture was significantly speeded up compared with milling without electrical discharge.
For vibrational amplitudes of 0.4mm and 0.6 mm the number fraction of fine particles increased with increasing amplitude, however, doubling this amplitude to 1.2 mm resulted in agglomeration and increases in average particle size.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Lei Wang, Dong Sheng Li, Jin Ping Ou
Regional Panel Report ].In recent years, with increasing numbers of implementations of SHMS, more researchers have realized the significant temperature effect, which even affect more than traffic load.
Fig. 5 Temperature sensor on Dongying Yellow River Bridge Fig. 6 Optical sensing interrogator SM125 Table. 1 Temperature sensors integrated into monitoring system Section number 3 7 11 12 17 18 20 26 28 Sensors on upper-bridge t2, t3 t3, t4 d4, d13, d18 d7, d11 d15, d18 t3, t4 d7, d11, d15 t3 d16, t1, t3 Sensors on down-bridge t3, d12 d4, d10, d14, d18 d1, d11, d15 d8, d11, d15 t2, t3, t4 d5, d10, d14, d18 d16 d15 Table. 2 Dimensions of cross sections integrated with temprature sensors Section number 3 7 11 12 17 18 20 26 28 Average height of section[cm] 806.9 428.5 657.9 412.5 610.7 1056 624 412.5 414.9 Web thickness[cm] 70 50 50 50 50 70 50 50 50 Bottom slab thickness[cm] 75 32 35 32 32 75 32 32 32 Temperature distribution of DYRB Temperature history at different sections of DYRB.
Also, the top slab is covered by a 17cm thick pavement consisted by 4cm modified asphalt concrete face layer, 5cm thick median grain concrete and 8cm thick waterproof concrete, which reduce thermal conduction in the top slab.
Acknowledgement This work has been supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period, numbered 2006BAJ03B05, and named Health Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology of Major Buildings and Structures.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wen Bo Tang, Yun Gang Guo, Hon Grui Wang
Table 1: Chemical composition (wt %) of materials used Number C Cr Nb Mo Si Mn Ti Ni V P S A 2.00 17.4 - - 4.09 2.80 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.13 0.01 B 0.61 2.37 1.54 0.59 1.29 1.17 0.6 06 - 0.02 0.01 H08A ≤0.10 ≤0.20 - - ≤0.30 0.30~0.5 - ≤0.30 - ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Q235 0.15 - - - 0.30 0.30 - - - 0.050 0.045 The hardfacing alloys were deposited by shielded manual arc welding (SMAW) under direct current with a reverse polarity.
In the procedure, the carbide size, the substrate's distribution and the grain size are discussed.
(Modle:ML-100,CHINA) Table 2: Parameters of abrasive wear test Diameter of wheel [mm] Speed of rotation [rpm] Sliding distance [m] radial feed [mm/ r] 260 60 250 1 Table 3: The hardness of hardfacing layer and result of wearability test Number HRC Mass loss [g] Relative wear resistance Load/20 N Load/30 N Load/40 N A 56.4 0.0633 0.0889 0.1189 1 B 59.7 0.0396 0.0523 0.0712 1.7 Results and Discussion The characterization of microstructure has been studied with optical microscopy after etching with the admixture of nitric acid and alcohol.
In the SEM image of Fig. 3, it can be seen more clearly that there are a number of small white particles with sizes about 5–10μm embedded in the layer.
In view of the foregoing, the developed hardfacing deposits of the Fe–Cr–C–Nb/Ti system can be said to have improved wear resistance when the number of NbC increase.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Gang Wen, Shan Li, Chun Xiao Fan, Jun Wei Zou, Xiao Ying Zhang
A number of projects and research [3]-[7] have developed building control applications.
The Building Control Prototype System In designing a building control prototype system based on wireless sensor-actuator networks, we had a number of design goals that we were trying to accomplish.
To improve the network layer routing algorithm, we reduce the redness of information and forwarding number to control the network routing status as much as possible, based on the update frequency of the network and signal quality.
When the number of retransmissions is more than 10 times, the packet is discarded and the next packet is transported immediately.
Deborah: “Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts”, The 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (2002).
Online since: April 2023
Authors: R.K. Zhdanov, Y.Y. Bozhko, V.R. Belosludov, K.V. Gets
Sea water contain a number of different salts dissolved: NaCl, KCl, etc.
This approach gives reliable data but could fail for complex multi-component systems with different number of guests molecules involved.
MD methods of calculating are time consuming and only the very limited number of points could be obtained at reasonable time especially when temperature dependence is also required.
Acknowledgments The reported study was funded by RFBR and MOST, project number 21-52-52001.
Zajcev, Effective Fine-Grained Concrete with High-Dispersed Additive Based on the Natural Mineral Wollastonite, FarEastСon - Materials and Construction: Materials International Scientific Conference «FarEastCon». 945 (2018) 85-90
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Olga Shirobokova, Alexey Obozov, Larisa Markaryants, Sergei Simokhin, Yuri Kisel
River sand (grain size not more than 1 mm) was used as the abrasive material.
The number of tests in the experiments varied from 3 to 20.
In this case, the allowance for final machining is reduced and, accordingly, the number of final machining operations of the coating is reduced.
The technological process was adopted for implementation at a number of enterprises of the Bryansk region.
The main factors that determine effectiveness of the technology are: - reduction of the production floor space occupied by the technological equipment due to the change of process of the technological scheme and the use of a single rectifier in the operations of anodic treatment and plating; - reduction of the time and electric energy spent on restoration of components due to the increased productivity of iron plating process and reduction of the number of operations; - reduction of the consumption of materials for preparation of electrolytes due to reduction of operation of anodic treatment and washing; - improving the reliability of the technology due to enhancement of its structural flow chart.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Yaroslav Holovenko, Dmitri Goljandin, Irina Hussainova, Maksim Antonov, Roman Ivanov, Ramin Rahmaniahranjani, Lauri Kollo
The initial feedstock for the SLM process was composed of recycled cermet (with average cobalt content being close to 8 wt %) powder (further called in the text as recycled WC) with the particle size 20-45 μm (Set 1 - Table 2) or less than 20 μm (Set 3, 4/1, 4/2 - Tables 4 and 5), or fresh WC with grain size close to 1 μm (Set 2 – Table 3), suitable for 3D printing, mixed with 50 vol % of fresh Co powder (Fig. 1 a,b,c).
SLM parameters for printing Set 1 (WC-Co recycled 20-45 µm; Co fresh 20-45 µm) of samples Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Point distance, µm 30 20 30 20 30 20 30 20 Exposure time, μs 60 27 75 33 90 40 105 47 Power, W 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 Energy density, J/mm3 80 80 100 100 120 120 140 140 Hardness, HV1 616 354 414 436 563 428 270 379 Wear rate, mm3N-1m-1 x10-3 13.0 10.3 - 11.4 - - 13.7 - Table 3.
SLM parameters for printing Set 2 (WC fresh 1 µm; Co fresh 20-45 µm) of samples Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Point distance, µm 10 10 10 10 10 10 40 40 40 40 40 40 Exposure time, μs 7 6 9 8 12 10 112 93 149 124 187 156 Power, W 60 72 60 72 60 72 60 72 60 72 60 72 Energy density, J/mm3 60 60 80 80 100 100 60 60 80 80 100 100 Hardness, HV1 901 989 906 1205 895 1107 810 836 1022 1029 1112 975 Wear rate, mm3N-1m-1 x10-3 - - - 3.1 - - 8.4 - - - 3.7 - Table 4.
SLM parameters for printing Set 3 (WC-Co recycled 0-20 µm; Co fresh 20-45 µm) of samples Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Point distance, µm 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Exposure time, μs 12 7 5 16 9 7 19 12 8 23 14 10 Power, W 36 60 84 36 60 84 36 60 84 36 60 84 Energy density, J/mm3 60 60 60 80 80 80 100 100 100 120 120 120 Hardness, HV1 758 662 804 603 555 676 1075 889 877 481 566 711 Wear rate, mm3N-1m-1 x10-3 - - - - - - 11.0 - - 12.1 - - Table 5.
Two passes of laser were performed Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Point distance, µm 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Exposure time, μs 17 14 12 20 16 14 23 19 16 26 21 17 Power, W 24 30 36 24 30 36 24 30 36 24 30 36 Energy density, J/mm3 58 60 62 69 69 72 79 81 82 89 90 87 Hardness for 4/1, HV1 708 669 626 900 774 445 446 629 768 369 804 618 Hardness for 4/2, HV1 384 454 669 555 462 578 460 603 448 564 587 685 Wear rate for 4/1, mm3N-1m-1 x10-3 - - - - - - - - 9.1 11.5 - - Wear rate for 4/2, mm3N-1m-1 x10-3 12.8 - - - - - - 11.8 - - - 11.1 Powder bed fusion process.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Zulkifli Djafar, Taufiqqurrahman Zulkifli, Nasruddin Azis
Ramie has a number of advantages that differentiate it from other stem fibers.
After the drilling process is carried out, the specimens are classified according to the variation in the number of layers, the diameter of the drill bits, the spindle speed, and the given feed rate.
The larger the diameter of the drill bits used in the composite with the same number of fiber layers will cause a decrease in the tensile stress on the ramie fiber woven composite.
This condition is evidenced by a number of researchers claiming that the strength of perforated composites tends to decrease with increasing digging hole size [17-18].
Brittle fracture is characterized by a bright and grained fracture surface, the propagation of the crack is perpendicular to the direction of the applied load, and no or little plastic deformation occurs in the material.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jin Tong, Dong Hui Chen, Zhi Yong Chang, Shao Bo Ye, Xiao Hui Weng
The samples were then numbered respectively in order to be applied to the physical and chemical artificial olfactory system experiment.
The required numbered bag was then taken out for each of the experiments, leaving others stored in 0 ℃. 3.2 Experimental methodology The chicken samples were dealt with physical and chemical experiments and measured by the electronic system.
The output mode of the neural network and the number of neurons in the hidden layer were determined by the specific performance requirements in this paper.
The number of iteration during the training was set to be 5000 times and error tolerances, 0.001 4.3 Optimization on sensor array There were 360 group data collected from 10 samples with 6 times, 30000 for each of the group.
Detection of fungal contamination of cereal grain samples by an electronic nose [J].
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