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Online since: April 2015
Authors: Yan Feng Liang, Sheng Quan Dong, Gao Hong Li
The quality of adhesion was ranked by different numbers ranging from 0 to 5 according to GB/T9286 (eqv.
One can rank the cross-cut adhesion number as excellent (0), very good (1), good (2), moderate (3), poor (4), and very poor (5).
The porosity of each coating was examined by submerging the sample in an aqueous solution containing 10g/L sodium chloride, 100g/L ethanol, and 0.01g/L phenolphthalein, and determining the number of red spots formed in the pores due to the chemical reaction between the solution and the composite substrate.
The porosity is expressed in terms of the number of red spots per square centimeter.
Here, the amorphous structure was free from crystal defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations.
One can rank the cross-cut adhesion number as excellent (0), very good (1), good (2), moderate (3), poor (4), and very poor (5).
The porosity of each coating was examined by submerging the sample in an aqueous solution containing 10g/L sodium chloride, 100g/L ethanol, and 0.01g/L phenolphthalein, and determining the number of red spots formed in the pores due to the chemical reaction between the solution and the composite substrate.
The porosity is expressed in terms of the number of red spots per square centimeter.
Here, the amorphous structure was free from crystal defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations.
Online since: September 2019
Authors: G.A. Kosnikov, Eduard N. Bespalov, Alexander V. Kalmykov
The increased number of elements having low solubility in aluminum alloys ensure the usage of the powder metallurgy methods [1-4].
However, powder metallurgy methods have a number of significant drawbacks in comparison with the versatility of foundry technologies, which allow to obtain billets and manufactured products with almost no limitations on weight, size, complexity of external configuration and internal cavities.
Gadolinium, belonging to the yttrium subgroup of lanthanides, has a number of specific properties that make it promising for use as an alloying element in the production of Al-alloys.
Quantitative metallographic analysis with the use of the ThixometPro imaging system [16,17] shows that the total number of inclusions in the Al -10 wt.% Gd alloy is 19.9 %, their average Fere-diameter is 3.02 µm, the percentage of eutectic is 49 %, and of solid solutions is 24.1 %.
Xiangfa, Grain refining potency of LaB6 on aluminum alloy, Journal of rare earths.
However, powder metallurgy methods have a number of significant drawbacks in comparison with the versatility of foundry technologies, which allow to obtain billets and manufactured products with almost no limitations on weight, size, complexity of external configuration and internal cavities.
Gadolinium, belonging to the yttrium subgroup of lanthanides, has a number of specific properties that make it promising for use as an alloying element in the production of Al-alloys.
Quantitative metallographic analysis with the use of the ThixometPro imaging system [16,17] shows that the total number of inclusions in the Al -10 wt.% Gd alloy is 19.9 %, their average Fere-diameter is 3.02 µm, the percentage of eutectic is 49 %, and of solid solutions is 24.1 %.
Xiangfa, Grain refining potency of LaB6 on aluminum alloy, Journal of rare earths.
Online since: September 2020
Authors: Shah Rizal Kasim, Lynette Wei Ling Chan, Muhammad Syahir Juhari, Khairul Anuar Shariff
Decreasing bulk density value of this specimen is most likely due to the increase in the number and/or size of closed pores in the porcelain body due to bloating effect [10].
As mentioned that during final stage of sintering, the remaining open pores are transformed into closed pore by grain growth or presence of a small amount of liquid phase [10].
As a general trend of Fig. 4, it shows that the increase of the firing temperature involves in decreasing of number of pores and at the same time increase in the thermal conductivity of the fired tiles.
At the same time, C1 specimen fired at 1150 °C shows lowest thermal conductivity due higher number of pores (higher water absorption).
This low thermal conductivity was contributed by high number of pores formation which trapped air that can inhibits the heat to flow throughout the ceramic tile body as well as low bulk density.
As mentioned that during final stage of sintering, the remaining open pores are transformed into closed pore by grain growth or presence of a small amount of liquid phase [10].
As a general trend of Fig. 4, it shows that the increase of the firing temperature involves in decreasing of number of pores and at the same time increase in the thermal conductivity of the fired tiles.
At the same time, C1 specimen fired at 1150 °C shows lowest thermal conductivity due higher number of pores (higher water absorption).
This low thermal conductivity was contributed by high number of pores formation which trapped air that can inhibits the heat to flow throughout the ceramic tile body as well as low bulk density.
Online since: February 2007
Authors: Sung Jin Song, Hak Joon Kim, R. Bruce Thompson
Thus, the number of significant eigenvalues of the time reversal operator is equal to
the number of well resolved scatteres [5, 6].
Figure 1 (a) shows measured interelement firing signals from a #1 flat-bottomed hole (FBH), placed in a powder titanium specimen having a very fine grain size, without time delay using a 32 element linear array transducer (with 1 mm element spacing and 5 MHz center frequency).
However, we know that the number of significant eigenvalues should be three since that specimen contained the three flaws.
Based on the experimental results, we found that the D.O.R.T. method may be used to determine the number of flaws in the inspected area and also to give the proper time delay for focusing though inhomogeneous material.
Figure 1 (a) shows measured interelement firing signals from a #1 flat-bottomed hole (FBH), placed in a powder titanium specimen having a very fine grain size, without time delay using a 32 element linear array transducer (with 1 mm element spacing and 5 MHz center frequency).
However, we know that the number of significant eigenvalues should be three since that specimen contained the three flaws.
Based on the experimental results, we found that the D.O.R.T. method may be used to determine the number of flaws in the inspected area and also to give the proper time delay for focusing though inhomogeneous material.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Yong Jiu Shi, Yun Lin, Yan Nian Zhang, Yuan Qing Wang
In recent years, a considerable number of high-strength steel fracture casualties have occurred not only in the petrochemical industry or mechanical industry, but also in the civil engineering.
The detail sizes of sample and sample position is as Fig.1, the sample after processing as Fig.2, specimens after experiment as shown in Fig.3,grouping and numbering for specimens listed in Table. 2.
Table 2 CTOD value of Q460C steel with temperature Test grouping Amount of sample Temperature (°C) Numbering for sample CTOD value δm Measure value Mean value 1 3 20 FB-1 0.32406 0.3835 FB-2 0.41195 FB-3 0.41458 2 3 0 FB-4 0.42019 0.3893 FB-5 0.33587 FB-6 0.41188 3 3 -20 FB-7 0.46500 0.3929 FB-8 0.36394 FB-9 0.34989 4 3 -40 FB-10 0.27008 0.3177 FB-11 0.49135 FB-12 0.19170 5 3 -60 FB-13 0.04461 0.1296 FB-14 0.1543 FB-15 0.18997 Fig.12 Trend of CTOD value of Q460C steel responding to table 2 Q460C steel’s CTOD value decreased with the drop of temperature obviously, which can be observed in Fig.12.
It was also said that there was no obvious macro-plastic deformation, but large area in brittle fracture zones, the fracture relatively flush, and the direction perpendicular to the tensile load; (2)The fracture surface came on grain shape to some extent, having some light reflective irradiation, which indicated that the performances of fracture failure of Q460C steel at both temperature points (-40 ℃ and -60 ℃)belonging to brittle fracture.
Fig.20 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at 20 ℃ Fig.21 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at 0 ℃ Fig.22 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -20 ℃ Fig.23 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -40 ℃ Fig.24 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -60 ℃ (1)Fig.20 showed that the fracture appearance of Q460C steel had a large number of dimples and tearing edges at 20℃{TTP}8451 .
The detail sizes of sample and sample position is as Fig.1, the sample after processing as Fig.2, specimens after experiment as shown in Fig.3,grouping and numbering for specimens listed in Table. 2.
Table 2 CTOD value of Q460C steel with temperature Test grouping Amount of sample Temperature (°C) Numbering for sample CTOD value δm Measure value Mean value 1 3 20 FB-1 0.32406 0.3835 FB-2 0.41195 FB-3 0.41458 2 3 0 FB-4 0.42019 0.3893 FB-5 0.33587 FB-6 0.41188 3 3 -20 FB-7 0.46500 0.3929 FB-8 0.36394 FB-9 0.34989 4 3 -40 FB-10 0.27008 0.3177 FB-11 0.49135 FB-12 0.19170 5 3 -60 FB-13 0.04461 0.1296 FB-14 0.1543 FB-15 0.18997 Fig.12 Trend of CTOD value of Q460C steel responding to table 2 Q460C steel’s CTOD value decreased with the drop of temperature obviously, which can be observed in Fig.12.
It was also said that there was no obvious macro-plastic deformation, but large area in brittle fracture zones, the fracture relatively flush, and the direction perpendicular to the tensile load; (2)The fracture surface came on grain shape to some extent, having some light reflective irradiation, which indicated that the performances of fracture failure of Q460C steel at both temperature points (-40 ℃ and -60 ℃)belonging to brittle fracture.
Fig.20 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at 20 ℃ Fig.21 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at 0 ℃ Fig.22 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -20 ℃ Fig.23 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -40 ℃ Fig.24 Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface of TPB sample at -60 ℃ (1)Fig.20 showed that the fracture appearance of Q460C steel had a large number of dimples and tearing edges at 20℃{TTP}8451 .
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wen Yu Hsiao, Yih Ming Weng, Kao Long Gu
The red mold rice (Shan-Yi Fermentation Industry, Taichun, Taiwan) was inoculated into steamed long-grain waxy rice at the ratio of 1:1500.
One milliliter of soy sauce was diluted with 20 mL of deionized water and the solution was determined with a pH meter (PB-10, Sartonets Corp., Gottingen, Germany). 2.3 Brown color intensity The brown color intensity of soy sauce [5] was determined by measuring the absorbance at 555 nm with a spectrophotometer (SP-8301, Metertek, Taipei, Taiwan). 2.4 Total nitrogen content Total nitrogen (TN) was determined according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) with modifications [6].
The TN was determined by back-titrating the boric acid solution with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. 2.5 Formaldehyde nitrogen Formaldehyde nitrogen (FN) was determined according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) [6].
Aliquots of 25 mL diluted soy sauce were mixed with 20 mL 37% formaldehyde, and then titrated with 0.1 N NaOH to pH 8.5. 2.6 Ammonia nitrogen Ammonia nitrogen was determined according to the CNS (series number 423-5006) [6]. 2.7 Amino nitrogen Amino nitrogen (AN) was obtained by subtraction of ammonia nitrogen from FN according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) [6].
One milliliter of soy sauce was diluted with 20 mL of deionized water and the solution was determined with a pH meter (PB-10, Sartonets Corp., Gottingen, Germany). 2.3 Brown color intensity The brown color intensity of soy sauce [5] was determined by measuring the absorbance at 555 nm with a spectrophotometer (SP-8301, Metertek, Taipei, Taiwan). 2.4 Total nitrogen content Total nitrogen (TN) was determined according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) with modifications [6].
The TN was determined by back-titrating the boric acid solution with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. 2.5 Formaldehyde nitrogen Formaldehyde nitrogen (FN) was determined according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) [6].
Aliquots of 25 mL diluted soy sauce were mixed with 20 mL 37% formaldehyde, and then titrated with 0.1 N NaOH to pH 8.5. 2.6 Ammonia nitrogen Ammonia nitrogen was determined according to the CNS (series number 423-5006) [6]. 2.7 Amino nitrogen Amino nitrogen (AN) was obtained by subtraction of ammonia nitrogen from FN according to the Chinese National Standards method (series number 423-5006) [6].
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Feng Qi Wei, Xiao Qing Tian, Cai Xia Liu
Introduction
CMP processor is the main stream of processor developing field for its capability of fully exploring parallelism on different grain [1].
Ø CPN Tools state space report for: Statistics------------------- State Space Nodes: 576 Arcs: 2064 Status: Full Scc Graph Nodes: 576 Arcs: 2064 Status of model state space being full explains that the AUMCC architecture represented by the CPN model has complete state space, which verifies the completeness of AUMCC architecture; the node number and the arc number listed in Scc Graph are consistent with that listed in State Space, separately as 576 and 2064.
According to the changes in number of tokens, we can clearly trace every instruction.
For the number of marking above is so large that now we choose a small model for the simulating flow.
Ø CPN Tools state space report for: Statistics------------------- State Space Nodes: 576 Arcs: 2064 Status: Full Scc Graph Nodes: 576 Arcs: 2064 Status of model state space being full explains that the AUMCC architecture represented by the CPN model has complete state space, which verifies the completeness of AUMCC architecture; the node number and the arc number listed in Scc Graph are consistent with that listed in State Space, separately as 576 and 2064.
According to the changes in number of tokens, we can clearly trace every instruction.
For the number of marking above is so large that now we choose a small model for the simulating flow.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Liang Li, Xiu Li Han, Guo Qiang Wu, Jian Ming Du, Cun Ming Hu
This procedure not only generating tempera- ture field and structural dynamic analysis finite element model but also produce some relevant BDF files that for temperature field analysis, stress modal analysis, random vibration analysis.[5] User can set model’s grid number on random.
User can set any solving modal order numbers.
Each part of the grid number is divided into 25,10,11,12,4,11 respectively.
And the user can set the solving orders’ number.
[4] Zhibin Shen, Lei Li, Yongjun Lei, Guojin Tang, Analysis and design for star-shaped grain based on secondery development of Patran, Journal of Solide Rocket Technology, Vol. 32 No. 2 2009
User can set any solving modal order numbers.
Each part of the grid number is divided into 25,10,11,12,4,11 respectively.
And the user can set the solving orders’ number.
[4] Zhibin Shen, Lei Li, Yongjun Lei, Guojin Tang, Analysis and design for star-shaped grain based on secondery development of Patran, Journal of Solide Rocket Technology, Vol. 32 No. 2 2009
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Robert Stefanut Teaca, Gheorghe Brabie
The advantages of this method are the reduced number of simulations tests that must be done and precision of the obtained results.
In mini and micro deep drawing process, the quality of the final part is affected by multiple aspects as: material grain size and orientation, friction coeficient, speed of the deformation process, blank holding force, tools geometry and so on.
The presented method is a valuable algorithm for designers of the mini forming process tools; · in conclusion Taguchi method has the advantage that it can be used to optimize processes containing a large number of input parameters, it is simple, robust and leads to good results.
In mini and micro deep drawing process, the quality of the final part is affected by multiple aspects as: material grain size and orientation, friction coeficient, speed of the deformation process, blank holding force, tools geometry and so on.
The presented method is a valuable algorithm for designers of the mini forming process tools; · in conclusion Taguchi method has the advantage that it can be used to optimize processes containing a large number of input parameters, it is simple, robust and leads to good results.
Online since: January 2021
Authors: Natalia Ivanovna Kozhukhova, Ekaterina V. Fomina, V.A. Klimenko, Evgeny A. Belovodsky, M.I. Kozhukhova
Optimization of the grain composition is one of the most widely used methods for modifying the concrete matrix and achieving improved performance characteristics of concretes for various functional purposes [4–7].
The efficiency of reduction of the particle size of the raw material during grinding depends on a number of variables, including the type of mill, the number of revolutions of the mill, the size of the grinding bodies, the volume of the mill filling, the size distribution, the grinding mode (wet or dry), and the hardness of the material [8–11].
Mitrokhin, Fine-grain concrete from mining waste for monolithic construction, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 327(3) (2018) 032028
The efficiency of reduction of the particle size of the raw material during grinding depends on a number of variables, including the type of mill, the number of revolutions of the mill, the size of the grinding bodies, the volume of the mill filling, the size distribution, the grinding mode (wet or dry), and the hardness of the material [8–11].
Mitrokhin, Fine-grain concrete from mining waste for monolithic construction, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 327(3) (2018) 032028