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Online since: January 2007
Authors: Ryoji Nakayama, Kinji Kanagawa, Katsuhiko Mori
The
information about the
properties of the silicon
steel plate were obtained from the catalog data
provided by the steel manufacturer.
The initial magnetization curves of each material are shown in Fig. 3, where the information on the magnetic properties of electromagnetic steel plate corresponding to 35A300 were obtained from the catalog data provided by the steel manufacturer.
It is found that the reduction of hysteresis loss is effective in reducing the total power loss
[5] JNEX-Core, JFE Steel Technical Data Sheet, Cat.No.F2J-001-00, JFE Steel Co. (2004) [6] Non-Oriented Electric Steel Plate, Nippon Steel Data Sheet, Cat.
The initial magnetization curves of each material are shown in Fig. 3, where the information on the magnetic properties of electromagnetic steel plate corresponding to 35A300 were obtained from the catalog data provided by the steel manufacturer.
It is found that the reduction of hysteresis loss is effective in reducing the total power loss
[5] JNEX-Core, JFE Steel Technical Data Sheet, Cat.No.F2J-001-00, JFE Steel Co. (2004) [6] Non-Oriented Electric Steel Plate, Nippon Steel Data Sheet, Cat.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Cang Yan Xiao, Li Wen Guo, Shu Zhao Chen, Yan Chao Yang
Large Coal Mine Gas Accident Statistics Analysis
Statistical method is used to collect data, analyze data and draw conclusions from the data in a
number of ways, often divided into descriptive statistics and inference statistics categories [1].
But the incident loss not only include property and personnel loss of enterprise own, but also lead to loss of other social resources, including the reduction of coal resources, water pollution, land degradation, air pollution, social order turbulence , physical and psychological impact outside the company, the government and all sectors of society rescue costs [7].
The data can be reference to Chinese coal mine, so can be identified as the lower limit of the value of life.
But the incident loss not only include property and personnel loss of enterprise own, but also lead to loss of other social resources, including the reduction of coal resources, water pollution, land degradation, air pollution, social order turbulence , physical and psychological impact outside the company, the government and all sectors of society rescue costs [7].
The data can be reference to Chinese coal mine, so can be identified as the lower limit of the value of life.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Xiu Xia Liang
Thus, volume data from actual human is good source for geometry.
To improve the accuracy of our model during simulation, we use the modified MC method to extract the skeleton and level set extracting geometric models of skeleton from the Visible Human Data Set which consists of high resolution images.
The reconstruction process may be divided into four steps: the preprocessing consisting of image filtering and resolution reduction, labeling using snakes for semi-automatic delineation of each organ of interest in the cross-sectional images, 3D reconstruction to join the cross-sectional contours, and post-processing including matching of reconstruction from different sources.
We built triangle meshes of the bones from human data.
Thus, the volume of each muscle was obtained by the contour stack from CT data (Fig. 2).
To improve the accuracy of our model during simulation, we use the modified MC method to extract the skeleton and level set extracting geometric models of skeleton from the Visible Human Data Set which consists of high resolution images.
The reconstruction process may be divided into four steps: the preprocessing consisting of image filtering and resolution reduction, labeling using snakes for semi-automatic delineation of each organ of interest in the cross-sectional images, 3D reconstruction to join the cross-sectional contours, and post-processing including matching of reconstruction from different sources.
We built triangle meshes of the bones from human data.
Thus, the volume of each muscle was obtained by the contour stack from CT data (Fig. 2).
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Madzlan Aziz, Amy Wahida Mohamad Sa'adan, Rita Sundari
The thermodynamic data (∆H and ∆S) was obtained from the linear correlation of ln (CR/T) vs. 1/T using Arrhenius equation at 30oC – 90oC for a day.
Temperature elevation will increase the rate diffusion of oxygen onto the metal surface, thus, the corrosion rate increased because more oxygen is available for cathodic reduction [8].
The thermodynamic data obtained by this study was consistent with the fact findings.
This study used the Frumkin adsorption isotherm because the experimental data was fit to this model of isotherm.
By converted to logarithmic function to produce a linear model of adsorption isotherm, using the given soil solution concentrations of laterite and the data of surface coverage obtained, thus, Frumkin adsorption isotherm of carbon steel in laterite media at 30oC for three consecutive days could be illustrated (Fig. 1).
Temperature elevation will increase the rate diffusion of oxygen onto the metal surface, thus, the corrosion rate increased because more oxygen is available for cathodic reduction [8].
The thermodynamic data obtained by this study was consistent with the fact findings.
This study used the Frumkin adsorption isotherm because the experimental data was fit to this model of isotherm.
By converted to logarithmic function to produce a linear model of adsorption isotherm, using the given soil solution concentrations of laterite and the data of surface coverage obtained, thus, Frumkin adsorption isotherm of carbon steel in laterite media at 30oC for three consecutive days could be illustrated (Fig. 1).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Agnieszka Sękala, Aleksander Gwiazda, Wacław Banaś
Agents have the ability to receive and analyze the data and to impact on the environment (e.g. through the sequence of performed tasks, through selection of appropriate materials or robot components).
Cooperation and direct data exchanging between agents allow, in a real time, tracking the progress of scheduled tasks.
It also allows to prevent production downtime through utilization of automatic tools of data management.
They could decide faster and more accurately through taking into consideration more complex sets of data.
Dzitkowski, Reduction vibration of mechanical systems.
Cooperation and direct data exchanging between agents allow, in a real time, tracking the progress of scheduled tasks.
It also allows to prevent production downtime through utilization of automatic tools of data management.
They could decide faster and more accurately through taking into consideration more complex sets of data.
Dzitkowski, Reduction vibration of mechanical systems.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Y.A. El-Shekeil, M. Haron, S.M. Sapuan
Introduction
Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are becoming more attractive due to several benefits such as reduction in weight and cost, less abrasiveness to equipment and renewability[1].
For bigger the better, SN=-10log(MSD)where MSD QC=B= i=1n(1yi)2/n where MSD is the mean square deviation, y the observation or data and n is the number of tests in a trail.
Temperature A [oC] Speed B [rpm] Time C [min] Fiber Content D [%] Tensile strength [MPa] S/N 1 180 30 11 20 13.620 22.678 2 180 40 13 30 12.320 21.749 3 180 50 15 40 5.890 15.333 4 190 30 13 40 8.940 18.925 5 190 40 15 20 11.257 20.891 6 190 50 11 30 15.433 23.721 7 200 30 15 30 11.710 21.262 8 200 40 11 40 8.437 18.178 9 200 50 13 20 11.557 21.254 From the data in Table 4 the average S/N ratio can be determined.
Average effect factors Factor Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Temperature A [oC] 19.920 21.179 20.231 Speed B [rpm] 20.955 20.272 20.102 Time C [min] 21.525 20.643 19.162 Content D [%] 21.607 22.244 17.479 Based on the data on Table 6; the S/N response diagram can be plotted as shown in Figs 1-4.
The data in Table 5 are analyzed using ANOVA.
For bigger the better, SN=-10log(MSD)where MSD QC=B= i=1n(1yi)2/n where MSD is the mean square deviation, y the observation or data and n is the number of tests in a trail.
Temperature A [oC] Speed B [rpm] Time C [min] Fiber Content D [%] Tensile strength [MPa] S/N 1 180 30 11 20 13.620 22.678 2 180 40 13 30 12.320 21.749 3 180 50 15 40 5.890 15.333 4 190 30 13 40 8.940 18.925 5 190 40 15 20 11.257 20.891 6 190 50 11 30 15.433 23.721 7 200 30 15 30 11.710 21.262 8 200 40 11 40 8.437 18.178 9 200 50 13 20 11.557 21.254 From the data in Table 4 the average S/N ratio can be determined.
Average effect factors Factor Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Temperature A [oC] 19.920 21.179 20.231 Speed B [rpm] 20.955 20.272 20.102 Time C [min] 21.525 20.643 19.162 Content D [%] 21.607 22.244 17.479 Based on the data on Table 6; the S/N response diagram can be plotted as shown in Figs 1-4.
The data in Table 5 are analyzed using ANOVA.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Xi Tang, Shan Tang, Zhi Dong Xiang
In this context, it may not be surprising that the recent attempts to improve the long term creep strength of 9% Cr steels have achieved a certain degree of success [9-11], although further testing data are still needed to confirm that the reduction in creep strength of the new experimental 9% Cr steel would not accelerate at lower testing stresses (long term regime) as the 11-12% Cr ferritic steels did [1, 5, 12].
The least squares fit to those data points yielded Δmt = 0.010t1/2 + 0.040, which gives a parabolic rate constant of 0.010 mg cm-2 h-1/2 for the corresponding oxidation period.
Additional analysis by plotting log Δmt versus log t showed that the data could not be fitted to any power rate law of oxidation.
Extrapolating the data in the Arrhenius plot reported by Taylor et al [13] to 650 °C would give a parabolic rate constant in the order of 10-19 m2/s for the growth of a Cr2O3 scale.
The least squares fit to those data points yielded Δmt = 0.010t1/2 + 0.040, which gives a parabolic rate constant of 0.010 mg cm-2 h-1/2 for the corresponding oxidation period.
Additional analysis by plotting log Δmt versus log t showed that the data could not be fitted to any power rate law of oxidation.
Extrapolating the data in the Arrhenius plot reported by Taylor et al [13] to 650 °C would give a parabolic rate constant in the order of 10-19 m2/s for the growth of a Cr2O3 scale.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Mohammed Sarwar, Julfikar Haider, Mike Dinsdale
Fig. 3 presents the cutting and thrust forces data at varying depths of cut for different rake angles.
At low rake angles (typically 0o- 4o) an increase in clearance angle has the effect of reducing machining force possibly due to a reduction of friction between the clearance face and machined workpiece.
It should be noted that force data did not give any indication for the feed or undeformed chip thickness, which could result optimum machining performance.
In the current scope of the paper it is not possible to present all the surface roughness data measured for different combination of rake angles, clearance angles and depths of cut.
Wilkinson, principal technician for their contribution to the experimental work and data processing.
At low rake angles (typically 0o- 4o) an increase in clearance angle has the effect of reducing machining force possibly due to a reduction of friction between the clearance face and machined workpiece.
It should be noted that force data did not give any indication for the feed or undeformed chip thickness, which could result optimum machining performance.
In the current scope of the paper it is not possible to present all the surface roughness data measured for different combination of rake angles, clearance angles and depths of cut.
Wilkinson, principal technician for their contribution to the experimental work and data processing.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Juan José Aguilar Martín, David Samper, Jorge Santolaria Mazo, Sergio Aguado Jiménez
- linear error vector X Y Z-axis of the milling machine
rotation error matrix on k axis of the machine tool
Synthetic data generator.
Synthetic data generator parameter operation In order to validate the kinematic model in real conditions, the errors introduced are based on actual error functions previously obtained by classical techniques.
Errors functions and identification Applying nonlinear optimisation algorithms to data captured with nonlinear polynomial regression are obtained the approximation functions of each of the errors that affect to the milling movement axis.
Table 3 Phases optimization with feedback 1 Phase Opt 2 Phases 3 Phases RT 3 Phases TR Residual Middle Optimisation Module Error VS Middle Initial Module Error 46,89% 36,10% 29,52% 26,27% Influence of measurement noise on data captured depends on the measurement system position on work space to study.
If colours maps before and after errors compensations are compared, a volumetric error reduction is observed.
Synthetic data generator parameter operation In order to validate the kinematic model in real conditions, the errors introduced are based on actual error functions previously obtained by classical techniques.
Errors functions and identification Applying nonlinear optimisation algorithms to data captured with nonlinear polynomial regression are obtained the approximation functions of each of the errors that affect to the milling movement axis.
Table 3 Phases optimization with feedback 1 Phase Opt 2 Phases 3 Phases RT 3 Phases TR Residual Middle Optimisation Module Error VS Middle Initial Module Error 46,89% 36,10% 29,52% 26,27% Influence of measurement noise on data captured depends on the measurement system position on work space to study.
If colours maps before and after errors compensations are compared, a volumetric error reduction is observed.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ji Ling Yao, Hui Min Li, Yan Gao
Substituted into the data, s=1200mm.
The ratio of CFG pile of the project is considered as C12. 1) Calculation by the strength of the pile (4) Where, is unconfined compressive strength of pile, kPa, is strength reduction factor, take 0.3~0.33, is cross-sectional area of pile, mm2.
Substituted into the data, =572kN. 2) Calculation by pile friction coefficient and the bearing capacity of the pile tip (5) Where, is limit value of the average skin friction of reinforced soil, is circumference of pile, is length of pile, is limit value of pile-tip bearing capacity of foundation soil.
Substituted into the data, =495.9kN, take 490kN.
Substituted into the data, =0.068.
The ratio of CFG pile of the project is considered as C12. 1) Calculation by the strength of the pile (4) Where, is unconfined compressive strength of pile, kPa, is strength reduction factor, take 0.3~0.33, is cross-sectional area of pile, mm2.
Substituted into the data, =572kN. 2) Calculation by pile friction coefficient and the bearing capacity of the pile tip (5) Where, is limit value of the average skin friction of reinforced soil, is circumference of pile, is length of pile, is limit value of pile-tip bearing capacity of foundation soil.
Substituted into the data, =495.9kN, take 490kN.
Substituted into the data, =0.068.